Bank of England £20 leh Adam Smith
(The division of labour in pin manufacturing: and the great increase in the quantity of work that results – A siamna tek-uh semleh muizang in, a gah tamzaw hi.)
Englandte’ sum lak-ah a golnihna a hi’ £20 (Pound Sterling) sumlaidal pen 1725kum in zat kipan uh aa, 1853kum ciangdong’ a kisam bangbang in, khuttawh attawm vive kici hi. Hih sumdalte pen, 1797 leh 1821 kikalsung French Revolutionay Wars leh Napoleonic Wars sung galhang’in, khamh-hamsatna (bullion shortage) a omsung lobuang, Britain te’n Gold Standard pan a khawl uh 1931 masiah, deih hunhun bank ah, a vek aikeizong deihzahzah khamh(gold) tawh kikheekthei a hihi.
Tu-a kizang £20 pen 2007kum in kihawmkhia aa, dal 1.9 billion bang kihawmkhia khin himah leh, Pat(cotton) tawh kibawl a hihziak leh a hangdang tuamtuam tawh, £5 leh £10 mahbang in, atozaw Polymer tawh kheelding’ geelna omkhinta hi.
BOE in sumdalte pen vanlei-vanzuakna ban-ah taangthu ciaptehna a cihmah bangun, sumdal mai-ah a ngeina bang-in, Queen Elizabeth II kituang sak aa, sumdal nunglam ah mithupi khatta kituangsak hi. Tulai tak aa pen, Adam Smith kici Scottish philosopher leh economist a hihi. Adam Smith mainuai ah “The division of labour in pin manufacturing: and the great increase in the quantity of work that results – A siamna tek uh semleh muizang in, a gah tamzaw hi” cih laimal zong ki-at hi.
Hih kammal pen Adam Smith in phimbawlna (pin factory) phualpi a va-ettelna pan a muhkhiatthu a hihi. Kaneu lai-in ka ute’ laisim(lotngah)na sung aa, “Aloh khuaichia lohkaichin (siamna muntek ah sem- specialisation of labour)” hong phawksak hi.
Tu-aa kizang £20 pen, Adam Smith tawh pianna kibang ahi Rt.H Gordon Brown in, UK Sumzeekpi (Chancellor) pan Prime Minister mun-ah akahkum 2007 zong a kipahtawi kawmna zong hiding kici hi.
Adam Smith kua himawk hiam?
A mah pen, Founder of GDP, Father of economics and free market kiciliang hi.
Pasian thupha tawh Yangon aa Institutes of Economics sangkah te’ tawh ka kithei kha aa, GDP pupi Adam Smith thu ka kigenkha uh hi. Kawlgambel tuamdang a hihman-in, Adam Smith cih genloh GDP nangawn pen Economics subject a simte lobuang in theihnang thu a omkei hi. Economics leh Business mahmah zong kawlpau in “Siipuayii” kicituak mai hi. A hikhin kei hi.
Adam Smith pen GDP (Gross Domestic Product) kici gamkhat sumpiangzah kisimna-kammal a mukhia Scotland gammi a hihi. Tuhung dong mah, gamkhat hauhna a kigenteh GDP per capita (Milip-kihawmkim gamhauhna) tawh kigen hamtang ahihi. Adam Smith in gamkhat hauhna pen leitungleinuai vanmanpha hizawlo in, a gammite-in bangzah sumzongkhiazo cih hizaw naci hi. Ahizong gamkhat in a neihsa uh leisungleitung vanmanpha te azuakzahzah uh-in a zawngzaw na ci hi.
Adam Smith te hunlai ciang, gamkhat hauhna pen ngunlehkhamh tawh kiteh laihi. Gamdang pan van kilei leh neihsa ngunlehkham tawh khekkul a hih man-in, mivan a kileizahzah ei ngunlehkham a kiam hong suak hi. Tua hi-aa, ngunlehkham neihsa kibehlap ding in, gamdang ah mihing bawltawmvanzuak ding hanciam uh hi.
Adam Smith pen Scotlandgam Edinburgh khuapi gei, mi1500 bangbek a teeng Kirkcaldy khuaneu tualsuakmi a hihi. A suahni a kitheihloh hang’ June 5ni, 1723 in ki tuiphum in kiciamteh hi. A suahma in a pa’n sihsan hi. Kum14-15 aphakkiim pawl in Glasgow university ah Moral Philosophy sim kipan hi. 1740 kum in Balliol college, Oxford ah sangzom hi. 1746 innciah kik aa customs commissioner sem hi. 1751 kum in Glasgow University ah Professor sem hi.
Nasep tawh thuahkawm in a at laibu masapen, 1759kum in “The Theory of Moral Sentiments” a kici mihingte’ nuntaak ngaihsunzia sutkhia laibu khat hong bawlkhia hi. Tuazawh 1776 kum in, “Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations” atom-in “Wealth of Nations” kici leitung ah economics-lam a sinte theihloh phamawh laibu minthang mahmah hong bawlkhia hi.
Adam Smith te hun pen Kumzalom 18 (18th Century) hi aa, first industrial revolution sung zong kici hi. Tu’n bel mite’ 4th industrial revolution ding kipan-kithawita liang aa, Kawlgam/Zogam pawl bel 1st Revolution zahzong ih hizo tam maw? kici nuam hi.
Ih gensa bang in, Adam Smith pen economist hi aa, businessman hilo hi. Economics pen leitung-mihingte’in a omsa a neihsa tawh nungtaakna bangci geel leh khuasa cih kanna hi ci-in hong kigen aa, businessbel sumlehpaai zonna hipen hi.
Tua hi aa, ih minam ihgam sung ah formal business nei tampi ih kisap mahbang in, economist tampi omdingzong a hoih hi.
Nantal’suan
Thulaakna leh a simbeh nuamte’n
- 1. https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/banknotes/20-pound-note
- 2.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_England_%C2%A320_note
- 3.https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/new-20-note-release-date-12769625
- 4.https://www.quora.com/What-is-so-important-about-Adam-Smiths-pin-factory-example
- 5.https://www.adamsmith.org/about-adam-smith/
- 6. https://www.discoverupholstery.co.uk/blog/history-of-pin-making
- 7. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/smith_adam.shtml
- 8. http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/biographies/adam-smith/)
- 9. https://www.investopedia.com/updates/adam-smith-economics
- 10. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adam-Smith
- 11. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-life-and-works-of-adam-smith-1147406
- 12. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-who-was-adam-smith-and-does-he-deserve-to-be-on-our-banknotes-422276.html
- 13. http://www.supersummary.com/the-wealth-of-nations/summary/
Comment piaknop aomleh...