ZOMI: Tangtawng, Tibet gam pekpan aa kiko aw ging ~ Dr. Dongno

ZOMI: Tangtawng, Tibet gam pekpan aa kiko aw ging ~ Dr. Dongno

Zo ong piankhiatna ciantakin kithei zo nai lo ahih hangin tangtawng pekin Tibet gam ah kizang khin ahihna kimu thei hi. Tua ma tham pek in zong Sen gam ah Zo ong pianna cih theih ding thu pawlkhat kimu hi. Tua bang miilmial sung ah mite-in Zo athuk theithei dingin kikan tek aa, pawlkhatte-in Zo bulpi sak nuam lua napi Zozu, Zothau, Zopuan cih ciang bek tawh lak thei uh aa pawlkhatte-in i pianna i pupi dingin mi khat, Pu Zo ci-in minvawh uh hi.

Mi pawlkhatte leuleu-in “Zomi Baptist Convention (ZBC) kibawl AD 1953 maasiah, Zomi, cih kammal om lo hi” ci-in a-um leh lai nangawn a-at om ta leuleu hi. Pawlkhate-bangin ”Zomi cih kammal Sia Hau Go phuahtawm hi” cih ciangdong tun uh hi. Tua bang hi peuhmah lo hi. Ama’n Zomi cih kammal phuaktawm lo hi. Tapidaw kipawlna lianpeen sung ah Khamtungmi kici khempeuh ahuamkim thei dingin a hoihpeen min Zomi ahihna limgen hi bek hi. Tua bang aa ZBC hit aa piang pan asa mite kiang ah “Tumaa kum tul nih lai pek panin Tibet gam ah i pu- i pate Zomi na kici khin uh hi” ci leng, thumaan lo, uanggen le deihkaih thu gen ong sa ding uh hi.

English Version is available here: ZOMI: a voice from pre-medieval time

Theih loh manin ZBC maa-in Zomi cih kammal om ngei lo cih pen, i pu-i pate-in “Chindwin gun leh Irrawaddy gun kituahna, Tuikaangpi khangsiah ah bangmah om lo hi” acih uh tawh kibang ding hi. Tua hun lai-in Tuikaangpi pen leimong na sa kha uh hi. Tuamah bangin amau adingin ZBC(1953) pen Zomi, ‘Tuikaangpi’ bang sa kha uh aa tua maa-in Zomi om ngei lo sa uh hi. Zomi om luazen hi; tatsat lo-in tudong om hi. I theih loh ahk. lai aa kiciamteh kha lo na khat pepeuh nangawn ‘om ngei lo hi’ ci aa thu khup pah ding hi lo hi. I upmawhna sangin Zomi a-omna thu tampi i gen lai ding hi.

Tu-in, tangtawng pek aa Tibet gam ah ‘Zo’ kici mi nam khat leh ‘Mi’ cih kammal zong na nei khin uh ahih lam ong theisak thu pawlkhat om ahih ciangin Zomi ong piankhiatna ong kitel khia semsem thei ta hi.

Zomi nung-et kikna:

Zo pen tangtawng pekin eimah leh eimah iki piak i minam min hi aa, adeuhin, Zogam khunglam Tedim/Tonzang ah ‘Zomi’ ci-in, Falam gam ah ‘Laizo/ Zahau/Zhou/Zo’ ci-in, Haka /Thantlang gam ah ‘Zo Miphun’ ci-in, tuateh, Zo cihna mah ahi, Mindat/Kanpelet ah ‘Cho’(Zo) ci-in, Paletwa ah ‘Khumi,(Zomi), ci-in, Zaang Zomi, Plain Chinte-in, ‘Ashu’(Azo) cih bangin i ki minvawh ciat hi. Dr J SZDong, Rethinking Our Identity (ROI) ZOLUS No 20, 2016-17 pp 186-202 ah kicingtakin om.

Tu-in atom leh akicingin ZBC sung ah Zomi kicihna (1953) pan, Pu Pau Cin Hau hun lai (1859-1948) tua panin tanglai Kawlgam Pagan hun maa, (Pre-Pagan Period) 862 AD hun leh tua maa, tangtawng Tibet hunin pekin i pu-i pate Zo lah kici, Mi lah na kici uh ahihna i et ciangin kum tul nih sung kitatsat lo-in tuni dong Zomi i kicihna agui zui-in i suulzuih kik ding hi. Tibet hun maa, Topa Zeisu ong pian maa,kum tul thum hun laipawl pekin Sen gam ah Zo kici thei Yao kumpi khat leh BC 45 hun in zong Yao min nei adik kumpi khat na om ngei aa, mipilte-in Yao pen Yo, tua pan Zo hi ci-in zong kigenna om hi.

1. Zogam ah Zomi ihihna:

a. ZBC kiphuh laitak – Zomi 1953 kum: Rev S T Hau Go leh “ Zo pen i minam min hi” ci aa ataangko Rev Sang Ling leh Rev Sang Fen kihel, thu-ummi 3,000te Aika khua ah 1963 kumin kithukim diamin Zomi Baptist Convention na phut uh hi. Tua hunin Khamtunggam ah Baptist atampeen ahih mah bangin ZBC in Zomite khotakin ong gawm khawm hi. ZBC liam suahna hangin haksapi aa i-ngah Zomite kipumkhatna kibawl kik zo lo ding zahin siatna piang hi. ZBC pen mi pawlkhatte ngawh bangin 1953 kumin akiphuaktawm pan hi zenzen leh hih bang aa biakna leh leitung thu ah athupi kipumkhat theihna piang khia zo thei lo ding hi.

b. Pu Pau Cin Hau Hun – Zomi 1859-1948 :-Zomi cih kammal pen Pu Pau Cin Hau-in ZBC om maa kum 51 lai, AD 1902 kum aa ama bawlsa Paucinhau Lai tawh na ciamteh khin zo hi. ‘Zomi’ cih kammal phuaktawm lo-in ama bawl, Lai tawh tua hun lai aa nisim aa kizang (…..) kammal, ‘Zomi’ na ciamteh hi. Paucinhau Lai tawh Zomi ki atna hiah kong lak hi. ( Courtesy : Rev. Thang Khawm Pau , Tedim ) Hihin, Pu Pau Cin Hau 1859 kumin suak ahih ciangin, ZBC kiphuh ma akum za khat laipekin Zomi cih kammal kizang khin ahihna ong lak hi.

Paucinhau Lai pen Khamtungmite-in khatbek i neih i tual-lai ahi hi. Hih lai Tedim , Tonzang leh Falam gam lam ah zong 1902 khit pan ki lim zat mahmah khin hi. Ama biakna , Laipian Pawl zong Haka gam mun tuamtuam leh India, Lushei(Mizo) gam leh Manipur gam dong ah ki zeel hi.

Leitung Galpi khatna 1917-18 hunin, Piancit paite leh inn lam aa anusiat innkuanpihte tawh Paucinhau Lai in lai kikhakin thu kiza uh hi. Hi zah aa akip khin Zo tual-lai pen America pan ong pai, sangmang masate lak ah, Dr J H Cope-in Manglai mal ong hilh ciangin tua zawh kum 20 khit ciangin kizang nawn lo-in pammaih sapipi-in i tual-lai ong bei semsem hi. Ahih hangin Laipian thu ummite hanciamna tawh amangthang dektak i Zo tual-lai, Paucinhau Lai, nidang aa zah mah bangin kimtakin ong khawm kik uh aa lungdamhuai hi.

2. Kawlgam ah Zo i kicihna

I pu-i pate Khamtung atun maa un kum za tampi Kawlgam laizang ah na teng uh aa Zo mah na kici uh ahihna leitung mipil tampite-in na ciamteh uh hi.

a. Pagan Hun maa, 862 AD kum-in Zo kumpigam om zo:

ZBC kibawl maa pekpek, kum 1091 lai, AD 862 kumin Sen gam, Tang Dynasty kumpi sung aa diplomat, ahi Fan Cho-in “A kumpite leh a ukpite uh, Jo(Zo) akici kumpigam khat Chindwin gunkuam ah om hi” ci-in ‘ The Mancho Book of the Southern Barbarians’ kici laibu sung ah na ciamteh hi. Hih hun pen Pagan hun, Kawl kumpi masa Anawrahta uk, (1044-1077), maa, kum 182 lai pek ahi hi.

b. Pagan Hun Khit Zo ihihna

a. ZBC kibawl maa kum 445 lai, AD 1508 kumin, Sir Henry Yule in “Doab sung, Chindwin leh Irrawaddy gun kituahna, ii nitum nalam mun khat ah Yo (Zo) gam om hi” ci-in na ciamteh leuleu hi. Zo gam om ahih ciangin amite Yo (Zo) hi pah hi.

b. ZBC kibawl maa kum 170 lai, AD 1783 kumin, Italian RC Father Vincentius Sangermano in “ Chin mualdung nisuahna lam 20’30` leh leilu lat.20’30’ kikal ah Jo/Shu (Zo) kici minam khat om hi” na ci thuah lai hi. Description of the Burmese Empire p35.

Tua hun lai-in Jo(Zo) kumpigam, Yo(Zo) minam leh Jo/Shu(Zo) gam na om khin ahih manin a mite Jo/Yo/Zo akicih uh kul hi; banghang hiam cihleh Jo/Yo/Shu, kici Zo mite longal kuamahin tua Jo/Yo/Shu (Zo)gamte na phut lo ding uh hi.

Mangkangte ong uk lai-in gamdangmi lai at mipil tampite-in Zo mah ong ci uh hi gtn. Sir J G Scott, G A Grieson, H N Tuck and Bertram S Carey, Capt.Rundall, Prof. F K Lehman, etc, etc.

Kawl mipil tangthu siam, U Thein Pe Myint, U Ba Than, Daw Khin Myo Chit, Daw Aung San Su Kyi-te-in zong “Chin i cihte ataktakin Zomi ahi uh hi” ci-in ong ciamteh ciat uh hi.

Ei Zomi sung mahmah ah zong ‘Zomi mah i hihi’ ci-in, Dr Vum Ko Hau, Rev. ST Hau Go, Rev. Sang Ling, Rev Sang Fen, S.Prim Vaiphei, Pr. Mangthianlal, Pu Khup Za Go, L.Keivom, Pu Gougin, Dr Mangkhosat Kipgen, Capt Sing Khua Khai, Pu Cin Sian Thang, Dr C Thang Za Tuan, Dr Vumson, Dr J Suan Za Dong, Salaing Tun Hlaing, Pu Kap Tial, Pu Thang Khan Gin, Dr JM Paupu, Dr H Kam Khen Thang, Dr Cin Do Kham, D Vumlallian Zou, Dr Bianca Son, etc., etc., leh tampi omlaite khempeuhin limtakin na pom ciat uh hi.

3. Sen gam (China) ah, Zo cih min om

Yao : Sente tangthu sung ah Yao kici min nei kumpi khat thu kigenna om aa Topa Zeisu suahma kum tulnih leh kum za nga lai pawlin na maang(na uk) hi. Yao akici aminthang kumpi dang khat zong Topa Zeisu’ hun maa, BC 24 in na maang leuleu aa Confucius Sen mipil minthang pa-in a-etteh huai ‘mi pha’, ‘mi hoih’ leh ‘mi dangte akhual’ci-in apahtawi pa ahi hi. A nuai aa Wade System tawh en leng Yao pen Zo kici thei ahihna kimu thei hi.

Chou : Chou pen Tanglai-in Sen gam ah a-om mi nam khat, ahih kei leh, ukpi nam khat min ahi hi. Wade system kici laimal tawh min at daan tawh i et ciangin, ‘ch’ pen ‘j’ aw tawh kibang aa, ‘ou’ pen ‘o’ tawh kibang hi. Tua ciangin, ‘j’, ‘y’ leh ‘z’ te kizang thei kawikawi ahih manin mipil tampite-in zong tua bangin zang uh hi. Tua ahih manin, Chou pen ‘Jo’ leh Zo bangin kisim thei hi. Tangthu kan mipil kimkhatte-in zong Chou pen Zhou, Zou cihbangin at uh hi. A tawpna ah Chou kici Sen gam hun lai aa ukpi gam pen i zonzon Zo kicihna min Sen gam pan akipan hi ding hi. Tua ahih ciangin, bangbang ahi zongin, Zo ci aa ikisapna pen Sen gam pan kipan hi. E K Robin Chin History, Culture and Identity p112-114

4. Tibet gam ah Zo kici uh aa Mi cih kammal zong nei uh hi

Tangtawng muiciai lai pekpekin Tibet gam ah zong i pu-i pate Zomi mah na kici khin uh ahihna i theih ciangin i lunglawp mahmah hi. En Zo leh Mi cih i neih mah bangin taanglai pekin Tibet ah amau zong Zo leh Mi a neihna uh i lahkhiat phot ding thupi hi. Mipil dangte-in a zonsa uh thute i kaihkhop khit ciangin tangtawng pekin amau zong Zomi mah kici uh ahihna ki mu thei hi. Tibet pan aa piang Tibeto-Burman sung ah Zomi bang aa tanglai pek aa kipan limtak aa kikemcing minam min dang a-om zongin tam lo ding hi.

a. Tibet gam ah Zo i kicihna

Tangtawng muiciai hun lai-in i pu i pate Tibet ah a om hun lai pekin Zo i kicihna,

a. Jo, Yo, Zo pen Tibeto-Burman sung ah minam khat hi aa, Tibet pan kipan hi cihna ahi hi.

b. Pu Khup Za Go, Manipur State, India , aa Zomi tangthu siam siapa-in,” Amdo sung aa om Jothang/Zothang pen Zomite Tibet pan apian khiatna mun ahi hi” ci hi. Zo Chronicles p 192.

c. Jothang/Zothang pen, 1953 kum aa Sia Sang Ling leh Sia Sang Fente-in “ Zotlang pan i piang aa, Zo pen i minam min amaan ahi hi” acih uh ahi hi. Kum ong sawt ciangin Zothang pen Zotlang kici kha hi ding hi ci-in ki um hi.

d. Atheihhuai athu khat ah, Tibet gam aa mi masate lak ah nam khat ahi Shingmi/Singmi kicite-in, na kempeuh a piangsak, avanglian, a-uk pasian khat bia uh aa, tua pasian’ min. “Jo/Zo” ci uh hi. Warren W Smith, leh Ma Sa La hun aa kibawl laibu khat Pu Kham Go Pau thusiamna.

e. Dalai Lama a Nga-na in Jothang/Zothang pen, ‘Jo/Zo’ akhiatna ‘Topa’ hi-in ‘thang’ pen ‘A kician’ china ahi hi” ci hi. Tua khiatna in zong Zo pen pasian cihna ahihna teci pang thuah lai baan ah Zo pasian abiate Zo minam ong ngahna uh zong athukim pih ahi hi.

Amau leh amau “ Ko, Jo/Zo pasian biate” kici uh aa, midangte-in zong “No Jo/Zo pasian biate” na ci-in asawt ciangin,” Jo/Zo pasian mite” kicihna pan Jo/Zo mi kici hi ding hi ci-in thukan mipilte-in gen uh hi.

Israel mite zong a biak uh Pasian’ min, Elohim panin,’El’ kici-in tua pan Israel min ong suahna tawh akibang linlian ahi hi.

Hi thu teng hangin Tibet gam ah tumaa kum tul nih hun lai pekin i pu-pate Zo kici ahihna khotakin ong lak hi.

b. Tibet ah Mi cih kammal zangh uh

Tibet gam ah tangtawng pekin Zo cih minam na om khin ahihna i sim khin zo hi. Tu-in Mi cih kammal aneihna uh i en leuleu ding hi.

1898 kumin India kumpi-in Linguistic Survey of India, a gam sung uah kampau tawh kisai thukanna nei uh aa “Mi, mihing, cihna ‘Mi’ ahih keileh, ‘Mui’ cih kammal azang pepeuhte Tibet gam pan apiangte ahi uh hi” ci-in na mukhia uh hi. Tua ahih manin i pu-i pate-in mi cih kammal Tibet gam ah kum tul nih lai pekin na zang khin uh ahihna kho takin ong lak khia leuleu hi.

Tibet gam pek pan tuni dong Zomi ihi hi

Hih thu teng i et dimdem khit ciangin tangtawng Middle Age (AD1100-1400) maa, Topa Zeisu’ hun kiim pawl aa kipanin Tibet gam ah i pu-i pate-in a minam uh ‘Jo/Yo(Zo)’ na ci uh aa, mi-te zong, ‘Mi’ mah na kici khin uh ahih ciangin, “Jomi/Zomi ahi uh hi” ci-in maantak- kiptakin i gen thei hi. Tangtawngpek pan aa kipan kum za tampi sung akhang akhangin Tibet gam, Sen gam, Kawl gam laizang leh Khamtung ah tuni dong tatsat lo-in kizomin akizang suksuk i minam min, Zomi ahi hi. Dr. J. Suan Za Dong