Kawlgam sungah minam tanh kikimna leh Zomi ~ Tual Khan Suan

Kawlgam sungah minam tanh kikimna leh Zomi ~ Tual Khan Suan

Thu masa: Kawlgam pen gam neuno khat a hih hangin minam tuamtuam tampi a ten khopna gam (multi-nations state) a hihi. 2005 kum UNO i ciaptehna zui in Kawlgam ah mimal 50.7 Millions om a, tua sung pan in seh thum suah seh nih kim pen (33.8 Millions) Kawlmi hi a, tua sungah Chin (or) Zomi minam mimal vekpi pen 1.5 Millions om in kiciamteh hi. Zomite pen minam tawm (minority) a hih hangin taang kampau (language), taang tangthu (history), taang lai (literature/script), taang ngeina (common culture), zia leh tong, neek zon’na le a honpi-a teen’ khopna a tuam in nei uh a, leitung bup in minam khat neih dingin a ciapteh uh a om sa minam khatpeuh tawh zia leh tong kibanglo uhhi.

Tua minam hihnate kepcing theihna ding lampi om kei leh a kim leh paam a teng minam liante in deep in Zomite minam hihna bei mang ding hi. Tua a hih manin minam neute hamphatna (minority rights) thu masa sungah,“ Minam neute tenna gam ah gamleivai (politics) leh nisim nuntakna ah kilemna a omna dingin a maute minam hihna, biakna leh kampaute kemcing in sang khan ding hi’’ci’n kigelh hi.

Hih lai sungah“Zomi“ ka cih ciangin G.A Grierson kaihkhop Linguistic Survey of India Vol. III Part III laibu sung a Meitei te a hilo, Tibeto-Burman minam pan a piang Chin, Kuki leh Mizo a cih minam teng a huam sak ka hihi. A hizongin India gam sung a teng Zomite thu pen hih lai sungah gelh ka sawm kei a, Kawlgam sung a om Zomite thu gelh ding ka ngimna a hihi. Kawlgam sunga om Zomite pen Kawl kumpi te’n zong minam khat in hong ciamteh uh a hih manin 1989 kum in Zomi National Congress (ZNC) party pen kumpi ah register bawl sak uh hi. Tua hi a, Zomite zong Kawlgam sungah om minam dangte tawh liang ko kikim a nuntakna ngah theihna ding in lampi kei muhna ka hong gelh ding hi.

A hizongin, Zomite pen kam siatna tawh a pualam mite in min dang tawh hong ciapteh in hong kithei hi. Kawlgam sunga om Zomite pen leitung kumpite in Chin in hong ciamteh uh a, India gam sunga om Zomite pen Kuki in hong ciamteh uh hi. Min tuamtuam hong kiphuah sak a hih manin minam dangte in minam tuam bangin hong theih bek uh hilo in, Zomite sung mahmah ah zong unau sanggam melmak bangin khat leh khat i kitel khial thei hi. Hih bang thu kong gelh ciangin mipawl khatte in min leh puam pen thupi sa keng; a leikiak (nature) kilam dang kei peuh leh ci kha ding uh hi.

Min leh puam in mihing, ganhing leh nate hihna leikiak kilam dangsaklo mah ding hi. A hi zongin tua nate khempeuh in leitung piancil a kipan in a mau tawh kituam min leh puam a nei sa vive a hihi. Pasian in zong a bawlsa nate khempeuh a mau tawh kituak ding min pia tek a, a ma khut ma tawh a bawl mihing min pen Adam a phuak hi. Na khempeuh a piangsak Pa in min leh puam pen thupi ngaihsut in min neilo in na khat bek bawllo hi. Tua a hih amanin ei Zomi te in i minte pen koi pan bang ci ngah i hiam cih tawm i en ding hi.

(i) Chin

I theihsa mah bangin “Chin” deih le deih lo pen Zomite sungah buaina lianpi khat ahi hi. Chin a deih mite in Chin pen 1896 kum a Mangkangte in Chin Hills Regulation,1896 sunga hong kiciaptehna sa leh leitung bup a mite hong theihna sa a hih manin zat ding hoih hi, cin gen uh hi. Kawlgam sungah zong Kumpi te’n Chin mah tawh hong ciamteh uh a, eimite nasepna khempeuh Chin min tawh kiciamteh a hih manin Chin pen taisan leng supna om zaw ding ci uhhi. (Ngaih sut beh ding khat ah Leitung kumpite in eimite pen Chin tawh hong ciamteh uh a, ei le ei pen Zomi in kiciamteh i hih manin biakna nasepna ah Chin a kici mite Zomi in leitung bup in a theihna zong phawk ding kisam hi.)

Tuhun Kawlgam sunga om eimi (Zomi)-te pen Kawl mite’n “Chin” min hong na vawh uh a,Mangkangte‘n Kawlgam hong lak uh tak ciangin “Chin“ min tawh hong ciamteh sukpah uh a hih main tuhun in Kawlgam le leitung mun tuamtuam-ah “Chin” min tawh hong kithei hi. A hizongin “Chin” cih kammal a, Kawl kammal,“Khyan“ pan hi a , “Chin” minam-a hong kiciamteh minam tuamtuamte’ kammal sungah a nei kha om lo ahih manin hih pen minam dangte kiang pan i ngah hi, cih pen kitel mahmah hi.

Zomite in ‘Chin“ min koi pan bang ci ngah uh hiam cih tawh kisai in Prof. G. H. Luce’ genna zui-in ci leeng, Pagan hun lai-in Zomite pen Irrawaddy le Chindwin gun zang-ah kizeel khin ta uh-a, Kawl leh Zo kikal-ah gal le sa kineihna om ngei lo a hih manin kilawmtaatna lahna-in “lawm” or “hai tawipih” cihna hi-a, “Chin” cih Kawlte’ min vawh kammal a pai suak ahi hi. Hih thu tawh kizawitawn in UN-ah Secretary-General a seem U Thant in “Pyidawtha Khayi- jynfawmfwm c&D;” laibu a gelhna sungah ” Taungu hun Bayinnaung kumpi hun leh Inwa hun Alaungpaya kumpi te hun in Zomi te in kawl kumpi a dingin galkap a sem tampi om hi ki ci hi. Pagan huan lai a Kawl tangthu sungah Kawl leh Zomi te kikal ah a ciapteh tak ding galki dona om ngeilo hi.” ci’n na gelh hi.

Zomite sung thu a kan taktak Kawl mite in ei leh ei sungah, Chin kici lo in i min man tawh i kilawhna hih bangin na gelh uh hi. Lai gelh siam leh politician ahi, U Thein Pe Myint in csif;0daowwkdif; ordkif; tp laibu sungah “Kawlte’n “Chin i cih minamte pen amau’ min bul (origin name) pen Zomi hi-a, Chin kici lo uh hi,” ci’n na gelh hi.

Tua banah Kawlgam tangthu (History) a siam mahmah Professor Dr. Than Tun in, “Chin pen Kawlte’n neu lawm a cihna a kizang Chin pen kizang suak hi ding hiam cih ngaihsutna nei ing. (a) Tanglai mualsungte ah kawl leh Zo kikal ah gal kidona om lam kimu lo hi. (b) Chindwin gun sak lamah gal beng in a kipai hangin sila in kimatna omlo hi. Lungkim tak a sila kizuakna bek om hi.Kawl te pen Thet, Kantu, Mon,Shan, Wa, Palaungte tawh gal kisimna om a, kawl leh Zo pen kilawmtatna uh hi. …Tua hi a, Pagan hun a, Zomi (csif;) mun leh mual pen Chindwin gun dung Mungywa saklam teng hi ding hi’’ ci’n na gelh hi.

Zomite sung pan in Zomi tawh kisai lai leh Zo Tangthu (Zo History) a gelh Dr. Vumson Suantak in Chin min i ngahna a genna ah“Tibeto-Burman minam lian sung pan a piang a diak in Zomite pen Sen gam nitumna sak lam a teng Lolo minam pan a piangkhia/khangsuk a hihi.Sente in tua Lolo minamte pen“Chiang“ ci uh a, Zomite tawh Chindwin gun kima kizopna a nei Shan mite tuni ciang dong in Zomite a min vawh uh tawh kibang hi. Kumzabi 17th mai lam a Zomite tawh kizopna a nei Kawlte in Sente leh Shante min vawhsa zui in Zomite pen Chiang ci uh hi.

Ahizong in Pagan hun a mualsuangte ah Kawlte in Zomite a gelh uh ciangin “Chiang“ cilo in “Chan’’ ci’n na gelh hi. Kampau leh lai gelh zia pen a hun zui a kilaih to den a hih manin tu laitak a Chin kammal kigelh zia zong Pagan hun lai a kigelh zia tawh kibanglo hi. Linguistic lam a kan University of California pan Kenneth Van Bik in,” Chin kammal pen Asho Chin te i kammal pan kipan hi a, kammal Khlang or hklaung ( pronounced khyang) pen kawlte in lammal kipatna khy pan ch tawh a laih uh a hihi, na ci hi.

(ii) Kuki

India gam sung-a om Zomite leuleu pen “Kuki” cih min hong kivawh leuleu hi. Gamkek Mangkangte’n Assam gam lam a laak zawh uh ciangin Manipur lam hong keek to uh-a, Bengali minamte tawh hong tonto khawm uh ahih manin Bengali minamte’ hong min vawhna ahi “Kuki” min pen Zomite’ minam min dingin a kipua suaksuak ahi hi. “Kuki” cih min tawh a hong kisap cilna-a kiciamteh thu (record) masa peen in 1512 AD kum pawl-a Tripura tangthu (history) sung ahi hi. 1490 AD kum kiim pawl-a, Tripura gam ukpipa Raja Dhanya Manikya in Tripura gam Thanangchi gammang tulak-a teeng minam mawlte (wild tribe) genna Kukees cih kammal pan hong kipan hi leh kilawm hi.

Lai gelh leh thu telsui mitampi takte in Kuki pen Bengalis kamma hi a, mual tung a teng a sasial ne minamte cihna hi ci uh hi. India gam sunga om Kuki ci a mite ciapteh a hi Zomi minamte sung pan in Thado kampau lo nam dang khempeuh in Kuki pen minam min dingin sang zolo uh hi. Tua mah bangin Kawlgam sungah zong minam min dingin Kuki pen ki deihlo a hihna Col. Khen Za Moong in a gen na ah,“ Kuki” pen minam min dingin deihhuai lo hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh “Kuki” cih pen minam mawlte (wild tribe) cihna hi, ci’n na gen hi.

(iii) Zomi

Zomi cih min pen mi nam dangte in “Chin” le “Kuki” ci-a hong theih minamte sungah i min maan le i min bul (real and origin name) ahi hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh: Zomite in lai i neih ma hun-in i minam ngeina le tangthu khempeuh (beh le phung khangthu-a kipan) pen lakam (poetic term) tawh na kihilh uh-a, tua tawh thu kiciamteh hi. Tua ahih manin Zomite’ thu bul a kan ut le a thei nuam mi khempeuh in laibu sung-a kigelh thute bek etna tawh kicing zo lo ding-a, Zo ngeina lakamte hoih takin a tel kul hi. Tua Zo ngeina lakam sungah Zomite’ thu tampi om hi. Lakam pen Zomite’ tangthu bul ahi hi.

Tua ahih manin tu hun ciang dong lakam tawh thu genna hi-in, la phuahna hi ta leh unau Thado-Kuki-te’n zong “Chunnu Zogam”ci’n Vedio Cassette tawh a hizongin , “Ka ngaisang peen e, Chunnu Zogam, gamdang zosiah sang!” ci’n la tawh a hizong “Zo” min maan na gen den uh hi. Unau Mizo a te’n,“ Ka Zoram nuam ah“ ci’n la na phuak uh hi. 3rd Chin Rifle Batallion sunga la kideih mahmah a hi “Kan Zotlang ram nuam” ci’n Pu Rokunga in “Zo” min maan na gen in la na phuak hi. Tua bek hi lo, Zomite’ aadingin la kam (poetic term) le ngeina la (folk song)-te pen lai i neih ma hun pek-a kizang hi-a, tua sunga kizang kammalte ahi “Zolei”, “Zoram”, “Zofa” cihte pen Zomite’ aa ding thu bulpi peen le tangthu maan peen ahi hi.

Bang hang a Zo min deih a, i la kam sungte ah Zo kihel den hiam? cih pen ngaih sut huai thu a hihi. I lakamte ah Chin leh Kuki kammalte kihel lo in, i pu leh pate in zong a pianna uh a gen uh ciangin Zo kammal na zang den uh hi. Tua a hih manin eimite pen Zomi i hihna i ngeina leh i lakamte sung pan in kitel mahmah hi.

Zomi te pianna thu a kan leh a tel sui Pu Khup Za Thang in tu hun a Chin leh Kuki ci’n minam dangte theih minamte Zo pan a piang a hihna Genealogy of the Zo Race of Burma laibu sungah a lim (table) tawh hoih tak in na lak hi. Tua banah Genealogy of Hmar Tribes cih laibu a gelh Pu Dr. Lunghnema in zong Hmar minamte pen i Pupi pen Zo a hihna na gelh hi. Tua a hih manin Zomite pen i piankhiat a kipan minam min neisa a kipiang a hih manin minam dangte in bang min tawh hong vawh uh zongin ei leh ei Zomi a kici leh i miman pen Zomi a hihna a phawk tawntung minamte i hihi.

Mangkangte hun sung leh Zomite:

Zomite pen nidang hun pek-in ei le ei ki-uk-a, minam dangte’ ukna nuai-ah ki-om lo hi. A suakta minam i hi hi. Kawl tangthu (Burmese history) sungah i sin thu a hi 1885 kum-in Kawlgam bup khempeuh Mangkang kumpi gam khut nuai tung hi a cih pen a maan lo ahi hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh tua hun-a Kawlgam kici le tu hun-a Kawlgam kici pen a huam khak leitang kibang lo hi. Tua hun lai-in, Kawlgam kici pen tu huna Kawlgam laizang ahi, zanggam bek teng ahi hi.

Shan, Kachin, Zomi cihte pen tua hun lai-in Kawlgam kumpi ukna nuai-ah om lo hi. Tuhun Kawlgam pen Mangkang kumpi a paikhiat ding tak teh Kawl mite tawh gam khat sunga om khop ding thukimna laipi Shan gam Panglong khua-ah minam makaite’n letmat thuh na pan hong piang khia gam a hi hi. A taktakin Zogam pen Mangkangte’ khut sung a tun’ kum pen 1896 kum hi-a, tua masiah pen Mangkangte Zogam-ah a om uh hangin ukna taktak nei zo lo uh hi.

Mikang kumpi in 1887 kum March kha in Zogam sung Kalai gam (tu hun in Kalaymyo ki cihi) lam ah Capt. Reid ( laimal gawm a khial thei hi) makaihna tawh Gurkha galkap (300) hong kuanto uh a, Kalay khua ukpi dingin Pu Pacin a koihna uh leh a zenzen in a mah ( Pu Pacin) Zomi te’n a do leh mikang galkap te’n hong nuaicip ding hi ung cih Zomi makai te kiangah gen hi. Mikang te kalsuan zia pen Zomi leh Zogam it makai te in i gam hong laksak ut uh hi cih zia phawk uhhi. Tua lai takin Laytha khua ah hausa a sem Pu Thuam Sian in mikang galkap te in thaang (Laytha) mual khenga na hong pai uh leh hong kap ding hi ung ci’n a dawng thuk hi. 1888 kum December kha ciangin Gen. Geoge White makaihna tawh mikang galkap tampi tak in Zogam hong do uhhi.

Minam leh gam it Zomi te in zong luang leh ban phal in mikang galkap te a do thuk uh hangin galhiam kibatlohna hang tawh a tawpna ah mikang te vaihawmna pen lungkimlo takin a sang uhi. 1892 kum ciangin Zogam saklam teng a hi, Haka, Falam leh Tedim gamteng gawm khawm in Chin Hills ci uh a, vaihawm mangpi dingin Maj. Brown koih in Falam khuapi ah zum a tu sak uhi. 1896 kum in British Parliament panin “Chin Hills Regulation, 1896” gelh uh a, Zogam pen hih thukham zui in kawlgam ukpi (Governor of Burma) in direct in uk hi. Hih thukham pen Zomi te leh Kawl mi te vaihawmna khat nuai ah om khawm ngeilo i hihna bulphuh a kibawl a hihi.

Cik mah hun a, minam dangte khut nuai a tung ngeilo Zomite pen mangkangte ukna nuai a om ding ut hetlo uh a hih manin a mau hihtheih zahzah in mangkangte na langdo uhhi. Zomite ukna ding a mangkangte phualpi a hi Fort White/ Kennedy Peak na sim uh hi. Tua bangin mangkangte langpanna hangin Zomi te sungah thah leh mat a tuak mi hangsan pawl khat na om hi. Tuate sung pan Pu Thuam Thawng leh a tapa Tg. Pau Dal pen mangkang te’n man uh a, Kendat thong puak in tua thong sungah a maute si uh hi. Tua banah Pu Kai Tuah pen Myingyan thong ah puak uh a, Pu Khai Kam pen Andaman tuikulh ah puak uh hi.

Mangkangte in Kawlgam ki-ukna sungah Zogam na koihlo in “Frontier Areas/Excluded Areas) cin a mau mah in Governor khat koih in Hausa thu neihna kipsak suak in a tuamin vaihawmna nei uh hi. Kawlgam pan in Zogam a khual zin ding mite in zong phalna (permit) ngah masa lo in kua mah pai theilo hi. Minam suakta leh gam leh lei a nei minam khat i hihna a kilatna a hihi. Hih thu tawhkisai in “…. Shan,Wa,Kachin,Chin(Zo) minam te tenna mun leh mual teng pen mikang gam-ukpi (governor) khut nuai ah gam khentuam in om a, kua mipi palai peuhmah in va sawk pih theilo hi” ci’n na kigelh hi.

Tua a hih manin suahtakna zong Kawlgam tawh a kibangin piak ding geelna na nei masa lo uh hi. Burma gam suahtakna piakna ding tawh kisai in British PM (1937-40)a sem Arthur Neville Chamberlain in “Kawl a hilo mualstung mite a hi, Zo (Chin), Shan, Kachin minamte tenna mun teng pen tua minam te mahmah in a mau minam te tenna mun leh mual te kawlte tenna gam tawh gawm khop ut ung a cih mateng uh a tuam vilvel a koih lai ding” ci’n na gen hi

Zomite in mangkangte ukna nuai pan suahtakna ding a zon laitak un Gen.Aung San in “Ko Kawlmite pen mikang te sila utnawn kei ung,tua mah bangin mualtung mite zong mikangte sila ding in phal keiung, tua ban ah mualtung mite pen Kawlmi te sila suaksak ut tuan kei ung”ci’n Feb.9,1947 ni-in a gen ciang in Kawlgam mualtung mite lungsim zang mahmah uhhi. Hih thu tawh kisai in “Kawlgam leh mualtung mite gam gawmkhawm leng zong tua gamte ii gamsung vai pen mualtung mite mah in vaihawm ding hi.

Lal khiatna (succession) a deih uh leh zong lal khiat theihna zong kipia ding hi” ci’n 1946 kum in Gen. Aung San in mikang mi Mr.Bottomley kiang ah a ma lunggelna gen beh hi Hih thute mualtung mi makai te’n a zak uh ciang in muanlahna teng bei in Kawlte tawh kipawl in suahtakna lak ding khensatna nei uhhi. “ Kawl mi te sa tanh leh Zomi te sa tanh kikim ding” cih thu Zomi makai ten um uhhi.

A tung a Gen. Aung San kamciamte hangin mualtung mite in Kawlmite muang uh ahih man in 1947 February 12 ni’n Shan gam Pinlong khua ah “onghu Kawl kumpi (interim government) tawh kipawl khawm zual man in Shan, Kachin, Chin (Zo) minamte in suahtakna a manlang zaw in ngah ding” cih thupatna in zangin 1974 kum February 12 ni in Kawlmi palai Gen. Aung San, Shan mi (13), Kachin (6) leh Zomite palai Pu Thawng Za Khup (Tedim) Pu Hlur Mung(Falam) leh Pu Kio Mang (Haka) te’n thukimna laipi ah letmat thuh uhhi. Hih thu kimna hangin 1948 kum January 04 ni in tuhun a Kawlgam sunga om minam khempeuh in suahtakna i ngah hi.

Parliamentary Democracy ki-ukna leh Zomite (1948-62)

Pinlong thukimna pen thuman taktak a hih leh a hihloh theihcian na ding in Col.D.R.Rees-Williams makaihna tawh 1947 March-April kha sung in Myamyo ah mualtung mite sittelna omhi.Tua pen tangthu sungah Maymyo Inquiry ci’n kithei hi. Hih mun ah Gen.Aung San a kihel theihloh hangin U Nu (Burma ah PM masapen) kihel thei hi. Gam lamkhiat ding zia, gam vaihawm ding zia, gam kalsuan ding ziate tawh kisai mipi deihna muh khiatna ding ngimna ahihi.

Tua lai a Zomi te aitang a va kah palai Capt. Mang Tung Nung leh makaite in gamlam khiat ding dan leh gam kivai hawm ding dan a gen ban uah “gamke gawmkhop gam(Federal state) in kipuak ding,bang hun peuh in lal khia thei ding, Kalay-Kabaw zanggam teng leh Khamhti-Homalin gam ciangciang pen ko gam a hih manin Zogam in hong ciamteh sak un” ci’n thu nam (16) kihel Zomite deihna va pulak uhhi .Zomite’ sila ut lohna lungsim leh suahtakna, kikimna deih lungsim kilatna ahihi.

Kawlgam in suahtakna a ngah khit ciangin thuneihna a ngah AFPFL in kawlgam lamkhiatzia ding a gelna sungah gamke(State) ngah thei ding minam te neih ding thukhun hih a buai a bangin na gual uh hi.

• (a) Gamgi kician nei leitang nei minam hi ding
• (b) Kawl pau tawh kibanglo kampau minam ding
• (c) Ngeina kician/kibang nei khawm minam hi ding
• (d) Mun leh muan nei a taang ten khawm minam hi ding
• (e) Sum lei sum zuakna ah a kilawm ciang khat kito delh zo minam hi ding
• (f) Mimal (population) a kilawm ciang khat om minam hi ding
• (g) Gamke( state) khat a tuam om ding utna nei minam hi ding ci’n na geel uh hi

Pinlong thukimna a sunga om sa bangin Zogam state ngahna ding vai tawh kisai kikupna a om teh Pu Vum Ko Hau in, “ Ko Zomi (Chin) te pen state zong deih lua tuan kei ung. Kawlte hong piak bang la nung, lung kim lel ung. AFPFL zong tua bangin gen zo ung , a cih takteh 1947 kum kawlgam bup thukhunpi Article 196 leh 197 te sungah Zogam pen gamke (state) pia lo in Chin Hills Special Division leh Chin Affair Council phuh khiat ding ciang bek kipia hi. Zogam Vuanzi ding pen mipite in deihtel theilo in bulpi (central) kumpi pan in hong sehsak pah uhhi. 1956 kum in Zogam ah vuanzi (minister) ding in mipi’n Pu Za Hre Lian a tel uh hang in tua hun a Prime Minister U Nu in sanglo in Pu Shing Thang pia hi.

Hih thu ah mipi lungkim lo ahihman in Tedim ah U Nu hong zin ciang in Pu S.T.Hau Go in “Bang hang in vote tawh kitelna pan a ngah Pu Za Hre Lian in vaisai mangpi semlo in, vote ngah lopi Pu Shing Thang in sem hiam?”cin U Nu kiang ah dotna bawlhi. U Nu in zong tam dawn selo in sangmang Rev. Nelson kiang ah “na mihing kemcing in” cih san ziau hi. Pinlong thukimna ah namneu namlian cih omlo in Democracy pak leh gahte a kikim in lo khawm ne khawm ciat thei ding cih a hihhang thunei tute in democracy paidan tawh kituak lo a sep a bawl te uh hilh a,kawk muh ding na ngawm kikhak tan hi.

Democracy paidan ah gambup vaihawmna Innpi (Parliament or Congress) pen dei (2) nih in kikhen hi.Innpi tung nung (Chamber of Nationalities) leh Innpi nuainung(Chamber of People’s Representatives) ahihi. Innpi tungnung a tu ding mipi palaite pen minam tuamtuam pan palai kikim a kisawl hi a, namlian namneu cih omlo satan kikim ciat lahna ahihi. Tua banah nampi te’n namneute nawmvalh in a nektum loh nang uh leh namneute in a mau minam ngeina (Cultures),lai( literature), pupa tawndan (Custom), kampau ( languages) leh namdang tawh kibang lo minam vaite a kepcing theih nang uh ahihi.1947 thukhunpi dung zui in Innpi tungnung ah nam tuamtuam te panmun ngahzah in – 1947 Kawlgam Constitution a Athet Hluttaw palai sazian

Minam Palai Pahzah Ratio

• Kawl (Burman) 53 (53:125)
• Shan 25 (25:125)
• Karen 24 (24:125)
• Kachin 12 (12:125)
• Chin 8 (8:125)
• Karenni 3 (3:125)

Note: Kawl mi in palai panmun (53) ngah a, Zomite in palai panmun (8) ngah a hih manin Vote tawh thu khenna ding munah Zomi/Kawlmi (1/7) a hih manin kizo ngeilo ding hi.

1974 Kawlgam thukhunpi puahphatna (Amentment) ding hanciamna tawh 1961 kum in Shan state, Taungkyi khuapi ah mualtung mi makaite in thu kikupna nei uhhi.Taunggyi Conference ah Zomi palai Capt. Mang Tung Nung in, “suahtakna ngah zawh kum (14) sungin mualtung mite deihtel khensatna (self-determanation) bei mang khit dek hi, ci’n a hizongin, Pyima (Proper Burma) cih om tuanlo in, kawlmi te zong mualtung mite bangin state khat bawl ding cih a hizongin, tua state te kigawm khawm ciangin administrative power, judicial power leh legislative power te state khempeuh in a kikim tek a, a ngah banah, central kumpi thuneihna pen a kilawm ciang ciangtan (limit) ding cih a hizongin , na gen hi.

Hih thu kikupna pen nam khempeuh tan kikim, hamphatna kikim, liangko kikim a kalsuan khop ding deihna hina pi’n nam neu te tawh tan kikim ding a deihlo Thakhin Ba Sein i nungzui Kawl galkap mang Gen. Ne Win in gam kikek na ding vai hawmna hi, ci’n ngawh in gambup thuneihna 1962 March kha ni (2) ni’n PM U Nu tung pan in sutkhia hi. Tua banah mipi deih tel palai te tawh kiphuh khia Chin Affairs Council zong Declaration No. (10) tawh 1962 March (3) ni in phiat mang hi.

Burma Socialist Program Party – BSPP leh Zomite

Gen Ne Win in a mah’n kumpi a ngah suak theihna ding ngimna tawh Burma Socialist Program Party -BSPP (Mahsahlah) phuan khia a, 1974 kum in kawlgam bup a ding thukhunpi a thak gelhsak hi.Gam lamkhiat zia ah zong minam neuter state (7) leh Kawlmite tenna mun teng division (7) in kikhen hi. 1974 kum BSPP makaihna tawh Kawlgam thukhunpi sungah Innpi tungnung (upper house) ah palai panmun (224) om a,tua panmun te minam zui in:-

Minam Palai mimal Ratio

• Kawlmi 84
• Shan 12
• Kachin 12
• Chin (Zomi) 12
• Karen 12
• Kayah (Karenni) 12
• Mon 12
• Rakhaing 12
• Galkap deih guan 56 Kawlmi vive a hihi

Theihding: Kawlmi palai ( galkap deihguan a kihello) pen Zomi palai i a zah sagih pha hi. Vote khiatna ah Zomi Vote khat ah Kawlmi in vote 7 nei hi.

Mangkang kumpi te hun lai pek pan kiphuah khia Chin Rifle Regiment min tawh Zomi galkap tampi in Kawlgam hutna dingin na sem uh hi. 1949 kum in Yangon kumpi cih ciang dong min ngah Kawl kumpi in gam kitapkhap lohna dingin Zo paltan tampi tak in a luang leh ban uh na pia uh hi. Kawl kumpi hong khan ciangin tua a om sa Chin Rifle Regiment ah Zomi te omsak nawn lo in minam dang te guang uh a, a mau deih bangin nasem in minam dangte tawh hong kimai mial sak uh hi.

Galkap kumpi (SPDC) leh Zomite

1988 kum in Kawlgam sung democracy deihna tawh a buai ciangi galkap kumpi in kawlgam thuneihna la khia leuleu uh hi. SPDC makaihna tawh 1993 kum pan in kawlgam ki-ukna ding thu khunpi gelhna dingin National Convention ci’n galkapte kaih khop palai tawh bawl uh hi. Tua National Convention pan a kigelh kawl gam thukhunpi pen 2008 in kipsakna nei uh hi.

Kawlgam lam khiat ding zia pen Region (7) leh state (7) leh Union territories (1) cih bangin na gelh uh hi. SPDC makaihna tawh kigelh kawlgam thukhunpi sunga Inndei tungnung (Upper House) a tu ding palai pan mun, minam palai panmun ngahzah leh galkap deih guan mi kibang hi. Galkapte deih guan panmun 56 teng zong Zomi bup I ngahzah sangin tam zaw khin hi.

Kawl mi te in Zomite leh minamneute lu phot zawh lohna dingin a hunhun in han ciam uh hi. 1974 kum BSPP gel thukhunpi tawh kizui in 1974 kum January khat (3) ni pen Zogam in gamke (state) in kiciam teh hi.A hizongin deihsakna tak tawh kipia a, BSPP i gamuk vaihawmna ah a nop zawkna ding deihna tawh administrative Unit khat ciang bek a hihi.

Kawl te in Zomi te ngeina leh minam vai te a mang thang theihna dingin lampi tuamtuam tawh hanciam den hi. A masa in ” Chin Special Division” pen ” Chin (Zo) State” a hong piak ma in ” Zomi nam ni” pen ” Chin Special Division Day” cih tawh khel ding hanciam masa hi. 1974 kum thukhunpi zui in Chin Special Division pan Chin (Zo) State a hong piak ciangin “Zomi nam ni ” pen ” Chin (Zo) State Day” cih min vawh sawm leuleu uh hi.

Zomite bitna ding lampi khat

Tulai tak a Kawlgam sunga om minam khempueh leh Zomite thuak thute khempeuh kipatna bulpi in U Chan Thun makaihna tawh kigelh 1947 kum kawlgam thukhunpi buaina (Consitutional Problems) hang a hihi.1947 kum thukhunpi sungah Shan, Kachin, Kayah state leh Chin Special Division a kilam khiat hangin tua hun lai a Kawlmite tenna Proper Burma a kici gam (43.2% land area) pen state khat a kikoih lo bek thamlo in, Kawlgam bup thuneihna sangpen (sovereign authority) a mau khutsung ah om hi.

Tua a hih manin Kawlmi a hilo minam dangte pen Kawlmi tawh tawh kipawl a gam lamkhia tawh kibanglo in Kawlgam vabeel tawh kibang zaw hi. U Aung San in 1947 kum AFPFL khawmpi (convention) ah kawlgam lamkhiat zia ding tawh kisai a thu gen “Kawlgam pen unitary state tawh kilam khia theilo ding a, minam neute in a mau gam sung vai leh minam ngeinate a kepcing theihna dingun federal state bek tawh kilam khia thei ding hi,” a cih pen a mah a sih teh ki zang nawnlo suakpah hi.

Kawlgam pen gam lianlo khat a hih hangin tulai tak a galkap kumpi genna zui in enleng, Kawlgam sungah minam (race) pen (135) om hi ci uh hi. Tua minam (135) te in a mau minam manthatlohna ding leh ngeinate kepcing theihna dingin gam lamkhiat zia (formation of state) leh kumpi kivai puakzia (types of government) hoih kisam hi.

Tulaitak a Kawlgam pen 1947 kum a piang khia hi a, minam khempeuh in “satan kikim ciat ding” deihna leh ngimna nei a lungkim tek a kilam khia ahihi. Minam khempeuh satan kikimna dingin gamlam khiat zia ah minam khat tekin state (or) territory khat tek neih ding a, “Kawlte tawh hamphatna kikim ding, minam neute in amau mun leh mual sungah thuneihna kicing nei ding, a kawlgam pan lalkhiat ut hun in lalkhiat thei ding ” cihte pen gambup thukhunpi in kipsakna (guarantee) a piak ding a hihi.

Thu khupna

Zomite in leitung ah minam dangte tawh tan kikim a I minam ngeina leh suahtakna I I ngah kikna dingin I tenna gam in tua suahtakna leh minam ngeina kepcing theihna ding lampi a honsak gam kisam hi. Zomi namni a pian khiatna thu guipi in mimal khatciat in gam sungah suahtakna a kikim in nei ciat ding deihna hi a, I sepsa thamante suakta taka kepcing theihna ding ngimna a hihi.

1974 kum February 12 ni a Kawlgam suahtakna ding a kisam letmat thuhna laipi sungah “ Minam neuter in Kawl minamte tawh kibangin hamphatna ngah ding” cih thu bulphuh in kawlgam kilam khia a hihi. Suahtakna ngah khitciangin 1947 kum thukhunpi sungah U Chan Tun in kawlmite pen to ding mun ah koih a, minam neuter pen sawltak dinmun ah koih hi.

U Chan Tun mah mah in zong kawlgam thukhunpi tawh kisai in Hugh Tinker kiangah a gen kikna the, “Ko gam pen a thu in federal a hih hang, a taktak in unitary gam hi zaw hi”, na ci hi. Buaina a om ciangin tua buaina vensakna dingin buaina a pianna hang en in kan cian leng tua buaina pen veng siang theih bek hi. Kawlgam sungah om buaina zong a ven na dingin buaina kipatna bulpi a hi thukhunpi buaina puah phat ding a hihi.

Pinlong thukimna sunga om bangin minam khempeuh hamphatna kikim (equal rights) a pia thukhunpi bek in kawlgam buaina veng ding a, minam khempeuh in suahtakna I ngah taktak ding hi. Zomi tei in zong I lunggulh mahmah Mangkangte tung pan I deih suahtakna pen Kawlgam in hong hencip sak lai a, Pinlong thukimna a om sa zuiin na a kisep ciang bek in Zomi te in suahtakna mantak I ngah zo pan ding hi. Tual Khan Suan (February 20, 2008)