Interview with Dr. H Kham Khan Suan (Banaras Hindu University)
Interview with Dr. H Kham Khan Suan, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Banaras Hindu University
Tuni in Pasian’ hehpihna tawh Dr Kham Khan Suan tawh holimna hun manpha i zat theih manin lungdam mahmah hi. Dr Suan in zong a hun manpha tampi ei a ding in hong piatheih lailai man in ama’ tung leh a innkuanpihte tung ah lungdam hi.
Ama PhD title, ‘Identities, autonomy and patriotism: Asymmetric federalism in North-East India’ hi a, a supervisor Prof. Balveer Arora ahi hi.
Thudang gen nawnlo in a nuai ah Vaphual.net leh Dr Kham Khan Suan holimna sim ni!
Dotna 1. Amasa in PhD nong ngah pen Zomi khempeuh leh Vaphual.net simte in zong hong kilungdampih mahmah cih hong zasak masa ing. Hehpihna tawh na tangthu tomkim nong gen thei ding hiam? (Na min, pianna, pian kum, sangkahna, nasepna, leh innkuan).
Dawnna: PhD ka zawh khit phet lamet lohpi in Zomi mun tuamtuam a om adiakin Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Myanmar, South Korea, United Kingdom leh United States panin lungdampihna ‘laikhak’ leh ‘hopihna’ ka ngah a, angtang kisa in ka lungdam hi. Zogam.com leh Angels Vision, Lamka te’n zong hong angtanpih in holimna hong neihpih khinzo uh a, tu in Vaphual.net in nong lungdampihna uh leh holimpih theih manun ka lungdam hi.
Sumchinvum khua, Singngat kiang, Lamka khawk (Churachandpur district), Manipur panin 27 March 1978 (official) piang in ka khangkhia hi. Unau sagih (numei 2 leh pasal 5) sung panin a milai ka hi hi. Ka nau a neu tegel, Chin Mung (1983-1991) leh Sum Muan Thang (1986-2001) in hong nusia khin uh hi. Ka pa Zel Za Kap hi a, ka nu Huai Khan Nem ahi hi. Tan sagih ka sinlai in ka Pa’n hong nusia hi (28 October 1989). Ka Pa kumpi sangsia (primary sang) ahih manin hong nusiat ciangin a pensen sum tawmcik leh zanglo/tuilo pan ka muh te uh tawh ka Nu’n deihsakna leh itna tawh hong kem hi.
Kum nga ka phak akipanin Singngat Mission School ah ka kah hi. Tua laiah tan nih tan ka kah hi. Neulua lai, ka sang kahna gamla pian (4 km a gamla) ahih manin ka Pa’n a liangko ah khat veivei hong puathei zel hi. Tan 3 pan tan 5 Singngat mah Children’s Training School ah ka kah kik leuleu a, Tan 6 pan tan 10 Hill Model High School Singngat mah panin ka zo hi. Khe tawh sangkah simin 8 kms lamsuk lamto ah kipai ngekngek ahih manin a haksatna zong tam, a nopna zong tampi om hi. Bus hatpi a tailai bawhdan kisin in, bawhzawhloh ni ciangin bus in a nusiat leivui bulom lak tawn a khe tawh pai toh nitnet hun zong a hunkhop na om hi.
Sum haksatna hangin tan 11 leh tan 12 Churachandpur Government College ah ka kah hi. Ka u Zam Khan Cing leh a pasal, ka pu Suan Min Thang hong deihsakna leh itna tawh BA (Hons.) S.D. College, Ambala Cantt., Haryana panin ka zo hi. Amau deihsakna leh huhna mah tawh MA, MPhil leh PhD degree te Centre for Political Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi panin ka ngah hi. BA ka sin lai in Pasian hehpihna tawh 1st Division in zo den ka hihmanin a kum nihna panin freeship leh bookgrant ka ngah a, JNU ka lut kik ciangin MA Semester 3 & 4 ah SC/ST a deserving sungpan grade sang mu pen ka hih manin Jawaharlal Bhawan Trust Fellowship ka ngah hi. M.Phil leh PhD nawn leuleu ciangin University Grants Commission tung panin Juniour Research Fellowship ka ngah nawn leuleu a, angtanhuai ka sa hi.
13 May 2004 panin Department of Political Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India ah Assistant Professor hihna tawh ka sem hi.
Dotna 2. PhD na ngah zia leh na thesis “Identities, Autonomy and Patriotism: Asymmetric Federalism in North-East India” tawh kisai a tomkim in nong hilh cian thei ding hiam? Bang hang in Northeast India tawh kisai topic teel na hiam?
Dawnna: Ka PhD Thesis 11 December 2009 in gelh khin in ka submit hi. Viva-voce 28 May 2010 in Centre for Political Studies, JNU, New Delhi ah ka zo hi. Prof Monirul Hussain, Guwahati University leh Prof Harihar Bhattarcharya, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal te ka external examiners ahi uh hi. Viva-voce ka neih ni un Prof Monirul in naikal khat leh alang phial mahmah ka Thesis tawh kisai thudotna hong nei a, a thudot te a lungkim na tan in ka dawngthei hi.
Ka PhD thesis in India malsuah gam a nam leh pau bing tuamtuamte, adiakin Naga leh Zo minamte, tawh kisai mimal ki-ukna (self-rule/autonomy), hihna kepbitna leh a lianzaw sem a ki-ukna tawh kisai sutna ahi hi. Gamkhat ah minam leh paubing tuamtuam te’n tuabang a mimal ki-ukna, amau ngaihsutna panin alianzaw a gam uh kipumkhatna leh kivaihawmna (state khat sanga tamzaw) leh hihna kepbitna a neih ut ciangun India minam hihna (Indian national identity) leh gam kepbitna/kipumkhatna tawh a kituak diam?
Kei etna panin India, Canada leh gam dang khat peuh sungah ‘national’ leh ‘international’ gamgi in a khenzak minam tampi om a, tuate’n munkhat, gamkhat ah ki-ukna a neihzawh loh ciangun amau gam ngah kik na dingin ‘national’ leh ‘international’ gamgi kek utna, kigawmkhop utna lungsim piang pelmawh hi. Tua hang mahin hih bang pian mainawtna leh ngaihsutna in a leh lam pan gam kepbit utna (unity and integrity kepcing utna) leh hihbang ngaihsutna te in dan leh bitna (law and order) tawh kikalh bangin a ngaihsun pawl om thei hi. Minam mun tuamtuam a kithehthang te mimal ki-ukna piakna in gam phelkham in thanem sak tuanlo a mipi deihna leh kivaihawmna hatsakin sukip zaw hi cih ka thugup bulpi khat ahi hi.
PhD ah India malsuah gam ka telna thudang hilo in I gam leh minam tawh kisai limtak ka kantel ut leh theih ut man ahi hi.
Dotna 3. Zomite academic kitawm mahmah lai cih na gen zel khat ahi hi. Bang na cihna hiam? PhD ngah khempeuh academic i ci thei diam? Research paper or publication neite bek maw, ahih kei leh, university a Assistant Professor leh Professorte na genna hiam? Bang ci bangte academic i ci thei ding a?
Dawnna: ‘Academic’ ka cih ciangin College leh University hiam Research Institution khatpeuh ah sangsia sem hiam laipilna leh thusutna (education and research) pansanin nek zong te ka gen utna ahi hi. Academic naseppi pen thusut, laihilh leh laigelh hi a, a hunhunin laibu hiam thului in suah khiathei zel ding hi.
Zomite tulaitak academic om kawikawi bang na pi minam dangte hong theih ding zah a a kiva kitam nailo hi a ci ut ka hi hi. Theological lam ah PhD a zo mi a hunkhop ki omta a, ahi zongin Secular lamah kan leng gentham ki omzo nai lo hi.
Dotna 4. Zomi khangnote a ding in research leh academic lam lutna ding bang haksatna om hiam? Bang advice na pe ding a, tua bang lunggulhna neite a ding in?
Dawnna: Sep leh bawl dangte banglo in Research leh Academic kician hih na dingin hun sawtpi la hi. Ngentel in, ngakzawh leh thuakzawh mahmah kisam hi. Tulai in interdisciplinary research ki thupi ngaihsut a, tuabang hihtheihna dingin subject tuamtuam pan lai tampi sim in theih taktak kul ta hi. Nidang banglo in tunaidiak apan research funding zong a hunkhop omta hi. India gamsungah adiakin CSIR leh UGC tawnin Juniour Research Fellowship te hoih diaka, tualo Rajiv Gandhi Fellowship ahi zongin, ICSSR, ICHR leh University tuamtuam panin Research Fellowship om kawikawi ta hi. Gamdang ah Research hih theih nading zong Commonwealth Fellowship ahizongin University tuamtuam in a piak te panin Fellowship hoih pipi kingah thei ta hi. A hanciam nuam te ading leitung pen neu mahmah ta hi.
Dotna 5. IAS sang PhD na teelzawkna hang e? (competition sang academic ah na paizawkna hang cihnopna) Academic ah bangzah phattuamna om hiam – career, power, exposure, perks, privileges, etc.?
Dawnna: JNU ah Master degree ka zawh khit in laisim dinkhawl phot a Civil Services (CS) ading kisakkholh ka sawm ngei hi. CS Prelims zong thumvei hiam kisakkholhna omlopi in ka pia ngei hi. Pasian in kei a dinga a tuampi khat hong gelsak hiding hiven innkuanpihte deihsakna tawh M.Phil ading admission ngahin UGC tung panin Juniour Research Fellowship ka ngah ciangin ka lungsim hong kikhel a, research lam ah lunglut takin ka hun ka pia hi. JNU ah University/Institute hoih a sem Professor te a ki thupisim dan leh a nuntakna uh a nop tuakdan ka et kikkik ciangin ken zong hih bang hamphatna ngah thei veve ding hi ing cih ka um a, ka hanciam pah hi.
A sum tangtangin gen di cileng entry level ah Academic ten tamlawh pen uh hi. PhD zo a Assistant Professor sem te’n advance increment li (4) leh M.Phil zo a lutten nih (2) ngah uh a, IAS/IPS/IFS te lawh sangin tamzaw pah hi. UGC Dan thak tawh kituak in kum giat (8) Assistant Professor sep khit ciangin publication nga (5) a tawmpen neite Associate Professor hi thei ta a, IAS a lutten kum 15 khit ciangin Joint Secretary rank ngahin tuate lawh tawh kibang hi ta hi. Professor pen kum 10 sep khit kingah thei a, a lawh uh Secretary level te a tawh kibang hi. Delhi leh metropolitan cities te ah a lomin Assistant Professor te’n 43,000, Associate Professor te’n 80,000 leh Professor te’n 95,000 leh a tunglam khasim in lawhta uh hi.
Thuneihna lamsang ah IAS/IPS/IFS te bangin ukna aana aneih loh hangun nasep hoih a neite laigelh leh thugen kithupi sim mahmah a, IAS/IPS/IFS te gam ukzia ding zong amau geel khiat hizaw hi. Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ah November 2006 in paper ka va present lai in Professor te Special Lecture bawl dingin a sap ciangun Lecture khat ah US $1500/- pia zel ci uh hi. Tua lo laigelh a siamte’n a laibu gelhman royalty a kici sum tampipi ngah uh hi. India ah academic minthang Prof Ramchandra Guha in Penguine publisher kici te tawh laibu khui thum (3 volumes) gelh nading in sum a crore a sim ngah khol hi (advance contract).
A ki theitham cing Sage publisher te laibu khat in a tawmpen in royalty 1-2.5 lakhs pia zo uh hi. Tualo in Selection Committee, Special Lectures leh Commission tuamtuam ah Professor te kihel kha pelmawh uh a, sum-leh-pai, a kilawm-akituak muh na ding nei den uh hi. Thugil, thulian kikup/vaihawmna taktak a omciangin University Professor te ngaihsutna ki thupisim mahmah hi. Muntuam gamtuam ah zin theihna ding tampi om a, pilna siamna a bulphuh gamte ah thawlin kizang thei mahmah uh hi.
Dotna 6. Tu in nang specialization pen India gam a diakin Northeast India state 8 (Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur leh Sikkim) lakah Scheduled Tribe te tawh kisai kuate ki-ukna etteh huai pen hiam? Bang hangin?
Dawnna: India ah khamtung gam tawh kisai ki-ukna, Sixth Schedule nuai ah, North-Cachar Hills leh Karbi Anglong te’n thuneihna haupen a, phaizang singtangmi (plains tribe) te sungpanin Bodo te’n thuneihna lian nei pen uh hi. Kum 2003 apan a kibawl Bodo Territorial Council pen Bodo Autonomous District Area ci ta uh a, amau subjects 38 ah thuneihna nei ua, tangmi zong mi 40 tak neithei uh hi.
North Cachar leh Karbi Anglong ah bel subjects 30 tuak leh tangmi 28 bek nei uh hi. Bodo te’n India kumpi tung panin a tuam liuliau in a khantoh nadingun 2004 panin kumsim in India sum crore 100 ngah den uh hi. Ngeina, tawndan, laipau leh gamneihna tawh kisai thuneihna bek thamlo in Assam state in a tuam liuliau budget head nei sak hi. Hih pen India ki-ukna nuai a dinga a tuam ngiat leh a etteh huai ngiat a kingaihsun ahi hi.
Dotna 7. Teaching (laihilh, mi pattah) nuam nasa hiam? Na nasep nuam nasa hiam?
Dawnna: Laihilh, mi pattah pen thubaih na hi hetlo hi. Ka sep tung in paper guk, kalkhat in class 18 (minute 45 ta) ka la a, ka laihilh na dingin nisim in naikal 6-8 kikal a tawmpenin sim tangtangin ka kisa zel hi. Pasian hehpihna tawh laihilh nuam ka sa hi. Limtak a kisa in laihilh pen nuam mahmah hi. Laihilh a nopna diak khat bel kumsim in sangnaupang thak kinei den, ngaihsutna thak hong pia in lungsim hong nosuaksak, tha thak hong pia den hi.
Sangnaupang te’n sangin hoihpipi ah admission ngahin sepna hoihpipi hong nei in, lungdam hong koh ciangun lungdamna a kigentheilo khat ahi hi. Ka sangnaupang te mi 90 val tu’n JNU, New Delhi ah M.Phil leh PhD sinin om uh a, Bihar, Delhi, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh leh mun tuamtuam ah sepna hoih pipi a sem omta a, hong phawk uh ciangin lungdamna lian hi.
Dotna 8. Na bio-data ka simkhakna khatah college leh university level syllabus bawlna a na kihelkhak mu ngei bang ing. Tulaitak Manipur University (now Central Univ.), NEHU leh DU a kipan JNU syllabus bang kilamdang leh puah ding om hiam? UPSC nuaia competition kihel dingin MU/NEHU syllabus niam tuam hiam?
Dawnna: JNU leh DU syllabus enleng a hun tawh kituak in kipuah in ki update mahmah hi. DU leuleu in centralized system nei a, ahih hangin JNU ah bel syllabus pen a subject teacher (Sia) mahin bawlin puahpha toto hi. Tua ahih manin JNU syllabus pen specialized mahmah a, DU a tuazah in a specialized zawhloh hangin update mahmah hi. NEHU leh MU khawng ah bel syllabus pen 1960s leh 1970s model kihah zat lai mahmah cih ding hi. UPSC adingin NEHU/MU syllabus bel niamlua tuanlo hi. Laisim leh laihilh zia a kibang kei cihthu bek hi.
Dotna 9. Tulai adiakin Zomite lakah nu-leh-pate in a tate laipai (brilliant) te science (medical, engineer, etc.) leh commerce lam sin dingin hansuah hi. Hih tawh kisai nu-le-pate kiangah kupnop na nei hiam?
Dawnna: Thukan pawlkhatte ngaihsutna panin naupang kum 5 a phak ciangin a lungsim leh pianzia ding a cian in kitelkhinta hi ci uh hi. Pawl khat leuleu in bel kum 11 pan 13 kikal ah nakpitak kisekpha hi ci uh a, pawlkhat leuleu in i nuntaksung kilaih den hi ci uh hi. Ka gen ut bel in nu-le-pa pilvang in tate limtak encik lehang a hatna leh thanemna kithei ding a, tuatawh kizui in thapia in a manpha theibangin zat leh pattah theih ding in ka um hi. Tulai bel nu-le-pa lunglut leh deihsakna bek tawh pai hun hi nawnlo a, mimal lunglutna leh tempaina lamlam ah paileng ma ki bun in ki lamzang zaw ta ding hi.
Hih tawh kisai Newsweek International ah thuzeekpi leh a laigelh leitung bup ah mipil, misiamten a bildawh mahmah uh, Fareed Zacharia thugen limtak ngaihsut huai ka sa hi. Ama genna panin America ten kum zalom 21 sungah makai a hih theih na ding un thukanna (research) leh design ah limtak sum leh tha a tamtheipen pia uh a, amau bangin kuamah in misiam mipil nei lo hi ci hi. Adiakin tunai a hong minthang nanotechnology leh biotechnology te pen ‘technology of the future’ kici a America te mabung pen hi ci hi. Ei Zomite khuak zong minam dangte sangin niamzaw lo a, limtak kipattah in tha kipia leng ki madawk ding hi cih ka um hi.
Dotna 10. Mailam ah bang sep ding gelna na nei hiam? (Laibu gelh ding or research paper tuamtuam publish ding cih bang, or generally with respect to your career.)
Dawnna: Tukum sungin ICSSR (Indian Council of Social Science Research) te’n Social Sciences ah volume bangzah hiam hawmkhiat ding a sawm hi. Political Science ah volume 4 a bawl sawmna panun Indian Democracy ah volume khat bawl sawm hi. Tua ah ‘Federalism’ kici chapter khat Prof Balveer Arora, JNU, Dr. Rekha Saxena, D.U, leh Dr. Kailash K.K., Panjab University, Chandigarh te tawh gelh theih nading hamphatna ka ngah hi. Ken ‘Federal Asymmetry: Theorising and Application’ kici subsection ka gelh hi.
Jammu leh Kashmir leh India Malsuah gamte ki ukna thu tawh kisai diak hi. Contributions to Indian Sociology kici South Asia academic journal lak pan impact factor sang a nei pen pawl ah ka PhD chapter khat puah in ka gelh “Rethinking ‘tribe’ identities: The politics of recognition among the Zo in north-east India” mai June 2011 sungin hong suak ding hi.
Pasian makaih ding lametna tawh ka PhD Thesis laibu suah in publisher kician khat ah piak ding ka ngaihsun hi. Ka sep khit kum 6 val ta, kum 8 a cin ciangin Central University khat ah Associate Professor apply ding ka ngaihsun hi.
Dotna 11: Zomite India constitution in “tribal/Scheduled tribe” cih in hong ciamteh a, Myanmar (Burma) in “nationality” in hong ciamteh hi. Bang ki lamdanna om hiam?
Dawnna: ‘Tribe’ hiam ‘tribal’ I cih kammal pen Latin kammal ‘tribus’ pan hong kipan hi a, paubing khat, biakna kibang, a lom ten mi pawlkhat genna in kizang tangpi hi. Academic ah bel kum zalom 18 pan Anthropology kici subject hong pian tawh kituak in a kizang hi a, gamkeekte ukna adiakin Africa leh Asia ah a teng mite genna in kizang zel hi. Tumlam gam mite banglo in a tualniam, khantohna kician a neinailo (‘uncivilised’) mite genna in kizang hi. ‘Schuduled Tribe’ leuleu pen gamkeekte’n a gam ukna uah a simkhit leh ciamteh uh a tualniam mite genna in a zat uh thumal ahi hi.
‘Nationality’ i cih nawn leuleu ciangin French thumal ‘natio’ panin kila a nambing khat (pau, biakna, sisan kibang etc) genna in kizang hi. Nambing khat namlian dang ukna nuai ah om laite I gen ciangin ‘nationality’ kammal kizang hi. Zo minamte pen ‘tribe’ hilo in ‘nationality’ khat hi zaw hi hang a kici ut ahi hi.
Dotna 12: “Zomi” i cih pen minam min dingin lametna a om hiam? Nang muh dan? Nation State “Zogam” a piangthei takpi ding hiam? India Zomite suahtakna ding Mizo bek mah hi na ci hiam?
Dawnna: Zomi kici pen adiakin Falam, Haka leh Tedim pau a zangte sung pan in ‘minam’ min dingin a kisang thei hi a (Falam leh Haka ten 1980 bei kuan pawl panin ‘Chin’ hah bawl kik leuleu), 1993 kum pan India gam ah paubing 7 in sangkip kik leuleu ta hi. Ahi zongin ‘zomi’ kici kammal pen ‘mizo’ leh ‘kuki’ a kici utte’n sangthei nailo uh ahih manin tunai diak mah in thukan mite’n a tangzai zaw dingin ‘Zo’ pen minam min dingin zangzaw kik leuleu ta hi. Minam thu ah a kician takin thulai a kisat theih nailoh hangin ‘zomi’, ‘mizo’, ‘kuki’, leh ‘chin’ a kici te’n cikhat-sakhat ihihna, minampi khat I hihna kithei ciat ta hi.
‘Nation-state’ pen ken ka santheih loh thumal hi. Gamkhat sungah minam khat bek ten ding, bawl ding pen a hamsapi hita hi. Tua ahih manin gamkhat bawl in tuasung panin damdam in a tangzai zaw in minam bawl ding ki hah gen zaw ta hi. Mailam hun ah nation-state bawl hamsa ding ahih manin state-nation bawl ding kihah buaipih zaw ding bang hi.
Zo minamte’n suahtakna Mizoram bek ah omlo a, I omna tek ah kigawm/kipumkhat in, khat leh khat ki it, kihuai in, I ngeina leh tawndan kembit in, khat leh khat kipuahpha in khantoh ding hanciam den leng ki suakta den ding hi cih ngaihsunin hanciam leng kisuakta den zaw dingin ka ngaihsun hi.
Dotna 13 : Tulaitak i kinaipih Mizoram ah village council (vc) in ki-uk uh a, Manipur ah Zomite chiefship in i kipua uh hi. Hi thei hi leh Manipur Zomite bangci kipuak le hang hoih(khantohna om) pen dingin na ngaihsun hiam?
Dawnna: Manipur ah Zo minamte’n hausa ki-ukna kilen den lai hi. Lushai Hills leh Chin Hills ah 1950s bul lam in nakpitak hausa phiat na ding hanciam uh a, lawhcing takpi uh hi. Manipur khamtunggam mite’n bel Manipur ukpite hong bawlsak Manipur Hill Peoples’ Regulation leh India ukpite hong bawlsak Manipur Village Authorities (Hill Areas) Act, 1955 kizui in hausa ukna ki lenkip hi. Kei ngaihsutna panin hausa kiukna a hun tawh kizui in puahphat hunta hi. Hausa ukna 1955 Act danin kizang lo a, Manipur District Council (Hill Areas) Act, 1971 nuaiah zong om bek lo hi.
Hausa te’n gam leh leitang khua leh tui phattuamna ding in zangin, projects leh policy tuamtuam gam uk te hong bawlsak danin khuamite khantohna dingin a zattheih ding, khuamite’n zong hihte tawh kisai in vaihawm thuneihna a neih hun uh hita hi. I ngeina leh tawndan kepbitna dingin Hausa kiukna pelmawh hi I cih leh zong khuasung ading in nominal head in koih ding, thuneihna taktak pen khuamite’ zat ding in I bawlphat hun hita hi. Gam leh leitang zong hausa bek in kem leh zeek lo ding a, khuamite’n a kituak-akilawmin in hawm in kem leh zeek hun hita hi. India gam in suahtakna a ngah khit ciangin state tuamtuam ah gam neihna tawh kisai dan bawlphatna (land reforms & land ceiling acts) nasia takin a bawl hangun ci leh sa kideidanna phiat mangin, nasiatakin khantohna a omna thu a ngaihsut huai mahmah khat ahi hi.
Dotna 14: Manipur ki-ukna tawh kisaiin Plain leh Hill Areas in kikhen hi. A kilamdan’na leh a hoih leh hoihlohna adiakin tribalte adingin bangbang om hiam?
Dawnna: Manipur ah ki-ukna a za huapin a kibang I neih hangin khuasung ki-ukna (local self-government) state dangte bangin zanggam leh khamtung mite’n a tuamtuak kinei hi. Zanggam ah Panchayati Raj India Dan Bupi kipuahphat 73veina, 1993 (73rd Constitution Amendment Act, 1993) tawh kituakin nei uh hi. A tuam liuliau in State Election Commission leh State Finance Commission nei uh a, a kisam bangin kiteelna neihpih in, sum leh pai a kisapna te uh phungvuh uh hi.
Khamtung gam ah Manipur District Councils Act kici India Parliament in 1971 kum a hong bawl a hun tawh kituakin Manipur state government in apuahphat toh na nuai ah ki-uk hi. Manipur khamtung ki-ukna ah a poimawh mahmah Village Authority te India Parliament in 1955 kumin a bawl Dan (Act) tawh kisai in omden lai a, District Councils te’n amaute tungah ‘advice’ bek pia thei a, bangmah dang thuneihna nei lo hi. District Council te’n budget tuam neilo a, Manipur state government in a piak grants-in-aid tawh ki to delh niloh hi.
Zanggam te bangin a tuam in Finance Commission leh Election Commission nei lo hi. Sum-leh-pai ah dengdel in, District Councils te amau khe in ding thei/zo lo hi cihna suak hi. Tuabek thamlo in khamtunggam District Council te’n dan bawltheihna neilo a, thuneihna neilo administrative agency bek suak cihna hi. Gentehna dingin a poimawh mahmah Hausa ki-ukna tawh kisai ah zong ‘advice’ bek pia thei a, dan bangmah bawlkhum theilo hi.
I kisap bel khamtung gam mite deihna tawh kituak in vai khat peuhpeuh (adiakin gam leh lo neihna, tawndan, ngeina, lai leh pau, leh hihna kepbitna) a van leh a vaihawmthei ding, dan bawl theiin sum leh pai a kisap bangbang a zek thei ki-ukna I kisam hi.
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