Hawmsiam nungta nebum puksi ~ Pau Sian Lian
Khantohna tawh kisai muhna tuamtuam lakpan tangpi thumanna ahihkeh hawmsiamna tawh khantohna (development as distributive or social justice) thu ih sung dinghi. Tangpi thumanna ahihkeh hawmsiamna tawh khantohna’ muhna ah zawnna khiap ding pen thukin masak a hihi. Hawmsiam na cihmah bangin mizawng le mihaute’ dinmun kikhaihna a kiam nading hahbawlna a hihi. Hih khantohna’ muhna-ah gamkhat’ hauhna tehna a hi GDP, GNPte thupi masa lozaw kik hi.
Sumlepai a ultun gamkhat ih hauhna tehna GDP, GNPte sangin mipi bup’ nuntak khempeuh a huamkim khantoh khuasak khop ngeingaina thupi masa hi. Banghang hiam cih leh a khangtosa gam pawl khatkhat ah mihaute tehzawh loh phial mawkin hau napi, tua gammah ah neek ding nangawn neilo-in a puk si ziahziah zong na om theimawk hi. Gentehna-in, mipil Joseph Stiglitz muhkhiatna–ah USA gambup sumlut 25% pen mipi bup pan 1%te khut sungah om cimawk hi.
UNDPte’ muhkhiatna ah leitung bup mi khempeuh lakpan 1% te’ khut sungah leitungbup’ van manphaneih (global assets) 40% omin, mi 2%te’ khutsungah 51% om a, mi 10% te’ khut sungah leitungbup’ van manphaneih (global assets) 85% om ci mawkhi.Leitung bup mihing khempeuh lakpan 50% in global assets 1% bek nei ci laihi. Leitung bup a mihaupen 500te’ sumngah pen mizawng pen awn 416 (million 416) te sumngah sang tam zaw ci laihi. Tua a hihmanin tangpi thumanna ahihkeh hawmsiamna tawh khantohna pen hong deihhuai mahmah hi.
Mihaute’ hauhna le mizawngte’ zawnna a kikhaihna a kiam semsem na dingin le hauhna, nopsaknate kikim takin hawmsiamna tawh khantoh theih na dingin lampi, zialetong, dan nam tampi om a tuate lakpan tangpi bulphuh sepkhiatna (social services) zong a kizangthei pen nam khatin kihelhi. Tangpi bulphuh sepkhiatna (social services) te’n zawnna khiam (alleviate poverty) hi. Neihsa lamsate hawmsawn kik thei hi (redistribution of wealth). A ki langlek tangpi nuntaknate lemkik hi (reduce social inequities). Tua hihmanin tangpi buaina (social problems) te kiamsak-in mipite’ cihtheina sangkhatin hihtheihna zong khangtosak hi.
Tangpi bulphuh sepkhiatna (social services) ah a diakin sang pilna (education), cidamna (health), tangpi nunna nopsakna (social welfare), nuntak kivakna huhna (livelihood assistance) and tangpi patauh venna (social security) te tawh a kizom sepkhiatnate thupi hi. Thu khat ah a tung a kigelhsa tangpi bulphuh sepkhiatnate pen a kisam taktakte’n a ngah theih nading, a zat ziauziauh (accessible) theih na ding un muibun tak le kicing takin (effectively and efficiently) a kisepkhiat ding kulhi.
Tua a hihmanin hih tangpi bulphuh na sepna a sem, a geelte’n ka sepkhiatnate’n a kisamte a bun takpi mah hiam? A kisap hun-in, a kisapna ah zat ziahziah, baihtak-in a zat ziauhziauh theih dingin ka nai om hiam (accessibility)?, cihte kidot det kulhi. Unite Nations Economic and Social Comission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) te’n tangpi bulphuh sepkhiatna ah a zuihloh pelmawh thu (3) nakhung uhhi. (a) Tuntheih ziauhna Mun (locational accessibility), (b) Kisap Hunin zattheihpahna (temporal accessibility) le (b) Muibuntakin zattheihna (effective accessibility) cihte a hihi.
Tun theih ziau na Mun (locational accessibility) cihna-ah tangpi huh sepkhiatna pen koimun, koikhua, koigamah kipia cih, mun le gam kigamlatna hong thupi hi. Lai sinna sang, zato, kumpi zum cihte pen khetawh tun theihna ah koih hamtang huai hi. Mipi’omna tawh kilometer (8) sang gamlak zawkloh ding thupi hi. Kawlgam a university tamzawte bang gamlak ah kikoih-in, bus bek tawh kipai thei a, a sap man lah tam, deih hunhunin pailo ta sawnsawnin, nisa guahzu nuaiah hun le nai tampi bei-in kipai himawk hi. Kilawm hetlo hi.
Kisap Hunin zattheihpahna (temporal accessibility) cihna-ah nai bangzah sung mipite huhna piazo hiam? cih hongthupi zeel hi. Zato, dammawh kilahna (clinic) munte mipite’ kisap hun-in tuntheihpah, zattheih pah ding kisam hi. Tuate phadiak bang nisim a hong uh hiam? Nai 24 sung a kiging den uh hiam? A kisamte’ kisap mahmah hunin huhna a kipia khia mah hiam? NGOte’n khaici tuhhun ma, a hun lap-in khaici hong hawm uh hiam? cihte limtak sitkul hi.
Muibuntak-in zattheihna (effective accessibility) cihna-ah hih tangpi bulphuh sepkhiatnate’n a kisamte’ kisap taktak a sepsak zo hiam?, cih hong thupi dinghi. Gentehna-in, cina gim, bangmah ne zo nawnlo, zatui bek tawh aki namtak khat cikhum le bawngnawi tawh natveh sangin sum zawh zahzah tawh va vehna pen muibun nasepna hi pah hi. Mei kisam mahmah khua khat-ah, ganhing khawiding va hahbawlpih masak khakna cihte a omloh nang kidop huaihi.
Tangpi bulphuh Sepkhiatnate a Nawngkaisakte:
Hih a tung a pelmawh thu (3) te pen tangpi bulphuh sepkhiatnate a ngahdingte’n a ngah ding zahin a ngah nanguh, a kisamte’n a kisap hunin a zattheihnang ngaihsutna ah kal masa suan nading theihsak kiauna hipan hi. A kicing zaw-in etbeh le hang, (1) Sumlepai haksatna (economic barriers), (2) Amun, agam gamlatna (geographical barriers), (3) Kiukna’ nawngkaisakna (administrative barriers), (4) Mi kideidanna (social barriers), le (5) Gambuaina le
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khuahunsiatna (conflict and disaster situations), cihte hi. (UNESCAP, 2002).
1. Sumlepai Haksatna: tangpi bulphuh sepkhiatnate-in mizawng daipamte huh ding hinapi a kisam tuamtuam hangin tua mizawngte’n zangtheihlo, phattuam pih zolo thei uhhi.
Sangpilna (education) a mawkna-in sinsak hang, laisimbu man, suanglai man, laibu laikung man, tuition man, sangpuan man a kipan lamsap na nangawn kisam thei hi. Tua kawmkalah, naupang pawlkhat-in sang a kah uh sang, a pualam nasem le-uh nulepate sumtawh a huhzo bang na omphial thei hi.
2. Amun amual Gamlatna: sang pawl khatkhat pen setbing lo tawh tun zawhlohna, gunkuanglo tawh tun theihlohna mun ah kikoihthei se hi. Khuakhung munsang pen ah zato kikoih leh gal etleng a hoih teutau phial zongin cinate tung zolo ding uhhi.
3. Kiukna’ Nawngkaisakna: laitheilo, sangkah ngeilote’ kiang zatui ngahtheih nang form dal (3) val bang a pha fill-up sak tadih le hang ammang-in, zatui bang deihlo zo zaw phialmawk ding uhhi. Innkuanlai, gammihihna card (INC), nausuahna lai (birth certificate), hausapa’ thauhkhansa, letmat cih denkeite kidop huaihi. Tua bangmahin hih sepkhiat na pen tangpi bup, mikim a ding a hihlam a theihna dingun thu (information) zaksak, theihsak kawikawi ding zong kulding hi.
4. Mi Kideidanna: RCte bek, AG suak masa ding, cihdan a kipan, bang beh? bang minam? Galkap uliante tawh kimeltheihte maipha ngah diak cih bangin deidan khak lohding thupi hi. Tua bang mahin tan (10) peuhmah zo ham tang ding, numei naupang kingahlo, ci-in laitheilote pampaihna neilo bek themlo-in a pusuak khia zolo piteek puteekte, naupai numeite, cidamlote, khelbai zawngkhalte nangawn a huam sepkhiatna hih ding thupi hi.
5. Tualgal, gambuaina leh khuahunsiatnat: Hihte a tangpi bulphuh nasepnate nawngkaisak bekthamlo-in, khaktan hi. Kachin gamah tualgal a om man-in, mipite galtai-in lai sinman lo uhhi. Nargis huihpi hangin sang tampi sia-in, ki suplawh, ki zawnlawh, kisihlawh hi.
Hih tangpi bulphuh nasepnate limtak hanciamin hahbawlle hang mihausate’n suplawh tuan vanvan samlo, mizawngte zong hauto semsem veve ding a hong nuam lingling peuhmah dinghi. A sumtuan omlo “win-win situation” hongsuak dinghi. Hih thusim a thei khinkhiante lakpan Bill Gate bangin a sumlepaite tawh mi zawng mi cimawhte huhna phung (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) nei-in, mihuh kizen mahmah uhhi. Tua hilo-in, sumlepai ngahna bek na ultun sakkha le hang, namlian le namneu, mizawng le mihau, khuapi a omte le khuata a omte’ kikal-ah ki galbawlna, ki hazatna, ki elna, ki thangpaihna hong tamsemsem-in, huaihamna, angsung bek theihna tawh hawmsiam loh manin a tawpna–ah, “nebum puksi” cih dinmun ki tung ding hi. Pau Sian Lian
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