Gam leh minamte’ khangtohna thusim ~ Khup Lian Thang

Gam leh minamte’ khangtohna thusim ~ Khup Lian Thang

Gam khat, minam khat a khantohna dingin akisam thu tampi om kha ding himah leh Daron Acemoglu leh James A. Robinson te gelh “Why Nations Fail”cih laibu sunga thute bulphuh in kikum dih ni. Bang hangin gam pawlkhatte hau mahmah in, gam pawlkhat te zawng cihtakin zawng mawk hiam? Tuma lam in mipil ten a kankan uh ciangin thu lianpi thum hang hi kha ding hi ci-in um mawh uh hi.

Thu lianpi thum te

1. Leitang kiphah zia (The Geography Hypothesis)
2. Mite ii ngeina, biakna, leh pianzia (The Culture Hypothesis)
3. Theihna kicin lohna (The Ignorance Hypothesis) cih bangin na khen uh hi. Ahih hangin hih muhna te tuhun lam ciangin a man khin sitset ahih lohna kimu khia hi.

1) Leitangh kiphah zia

Leisung sum piang a tam na, zanglei hoihna, khuahun hoihna, etc..cihte hangin lokhawh singpuak na lem in, a gam zong hau pah hi cih sanzia ahi hi. A gam omna mun hoih in, sum bawl khualzin paisuk paitohna lem ahih manin tua hangin Gam leh a gam sunga teng minamte khangto in hau uh hi ci hi. Gentehna in Middle East gamte bangpen leinuai ah namgimtui tam mahmah ahih manin tua te hangin ahau ahi hi. Asia pan in Brunei zong namgimtui hangin hau mahmah hi.

Ahih hangin Leitang kiphah zia pen ahang bulpi na hi hetlo sese hi. Sehnel gam ahi Isreal gam bang zong, namgimtui a piang kholloh hangin, khangto in nuam sa veve uh hi. Bangmah apiang hetlo Japan gamte zong hau mahmah in khangto mahmah uh hi. South Korea gam zong aleitang bang bangmah a piang loh hangin khangto in hau veve hi. Switzeland, Luxumberg etc, Europe gam a tam zaw pen a hauh zihziah na dingin a leitang ah bangmah piang lo hi.

Kawlgam leuleu ciangin leisung sumpiang tam mahmah, gun tui te maitha bawl nangin kicing pipek, zang buhlei te hoihthei mahmah in zai mahmah, leitung aa hoih pen suangeng(jade) leh Ruddy omna, namgimtui leh Gas tampi piang himah leh zawng mahmah veve hi. Africa gamte bang hileh zong, hih bangin leisung sum piangna a diakin diamond hoih tampipi a piangna gamte bang buai mahmah in tualgal tam piang mahmah zaw sawp hi. Tua ahih manin Leitang kiphah zia in gam khat a khantohna dingin a thupi masalo ahihna ki lang hi.

2) Minamte ii biakna, ngeina leh pianzia

Kam zalom 15 khit, Europe gam akhantohna pen Protestant te hatna England, Germany cihdan gamte khangto masa hi. Tua khit the amau ngeina limlim ah a citak leh athu man ngiat Mangkangte limlim khangto deuh uh hi. Europe ah Gam zawnglua cih bang om hetlo hi. Tu laitak North America aa gamhau USA leh Canada bang zong mikang pau zang bek thamlo in, mikangte (Europe) suan leh khakte ahih hang hi ding cih upna ahi hi. Japan minamte zong citak thuman ngiat ahih manin amau pianzia limlim in Japante akhangto sak hi ding hi cih muhna ahihi. Tua teh Africa aa Gam te leuleu ciangin zawng mahmah deuhse ahih manin minam, gui leh ngeina hang hiam cih nop huai hi.

Ahih hangin biakna, ngeina leh pianziate pen ahang bulpi na hi tuanlo hi. Africa gam veve ah South Africa te ahih leh hau in khangto veve mawk uh hi. Mikang pau a zang Nigeria leh Sierra Leoni cihte , mikang pau zangin amau dan a etteh hangin khangto tuanlo uh hi. Tua khitteh South America gamte zong, Europe gam pan in a khanglo masa ahi Spain leh Portugal gamkek te makaihna ahih zenzen hangin na khangto lua tuanlo uh hi.

Europe pan a paikhia veve te makaihna ahi North America (adiak in USA leh Canada) gamte pen khangto in hau mahmah uh hi. Protestant te hatna gamte a khangtoh masak hangin a sawtlo in Catholic ahi Italy te, France te zong khangto in alawmdang te tawh ahauhna kikim to veve hi. Confucius biakna a bulphuh China te zong Cultural Revolution a neih hangin khangto pah hetlo uh hi. Tua ahih manin minamte, ngeina, biakna leh minam pianzia leh khantohna pen ki zop luatna aom lo na hi gige hi.

3) Theihna kicin lohna

Gam makai, minam makaite in a thutheihna kicing lo, gam leh lei makaih dan ding a theihlohna hangin Gam te Minamte khangto theilo hi cih upna hi. Hih upna pen tulai tak Zomite leh Kawl mite in aki bulphuh pipen leh a kilim gen pen ahi hi.

Ahih hangin Galpi nihna khit Ghana gam ah zong kumpi pa in advisor hoih tampi nei in Nobel pahtawina angah sumbawl lam a siamte nangawn advisor in nei hi. A advisor te in ngaihsutna leh sep zia ding gen mahmah dinga , a sepzia ding thei lua mahmah ding cihna hi. Ahih hangin khangto tuanlo mawk hi. USA makaite leh Maxico gam makaite’ theihna pilna pen kikhai hetlo ding hi.

Tu hunpen pilna leh nate khempeuh baihtakin a ki theihtheih hun hi in, gam khangtote sepna paizia , a gam thukhun cihte pen kumpi makai a sem khat in thei lua mahmah ding hi. Kawl gam makai U Ni Win( 1962-1988 thunei) mahmah in zong Advisor a pil mahmah a thei mahmah nei lua hi. Tua ahih manin a theihna in cin mahmah ding hi. Tua ahih manin makaite’ theihna kicin lohna in gamkhat khangto saklo cih pen hithei lo hi. Banghangin kikhangto lo mawk hiam?

Nogales Khua

USA leh Maxico gam nih a kalkak ah Nogales acih khua khat om hi. USA, Arizona State, Santa Cruz County sunga om Nogales khua sunga teng gammi te’ kum khat sumlut pen $30,000 val bang hi in, a khan sauna (Life Expectancy) zong kum 70 bang ahi hi. Khangno khempeuh phial pen, sangkah in tan 10 zong uh aa, Buaih (Graduate) ngah zong tam mahmah hi. Khuasung lampi, tui leh mei te lem mahmah hi. Cidamna lam, zato leh Siavuan(Doctor) te kicing mahmah in, natna satna aom ciangin a belhtaak ding zato hoih nei uh hi. Khuasung pen daihna tawh kidim in mipi, numei naupang te in launa om hetlo in khuasung ah kimawl in om thei uh hi. Makaite, kumpi nasem galkap palik te, mipi’ tangmi te pen Nu dan Pa dan in muang uh aa, Nu dan Pa dan mah in zong muanhuai takpi pah uh hi.

A lang khat ah Mexico gam ii huamna Nogales khua ahih leh, kumkhat in a sum lut $10,000 bek hi in a zah thum bangin kikhai pah hi. A khan uh zong tom mahmah in Life Expectancy pen kum 60 kim bangbek nungta uh hi aa kum 10 khantom zaw uh hi. Khangno a tamzaw pen tan 10 ciang a kah zong om mello uh aa, Buaih(Graduate) ngah bel tawm cihtak in tawm pah hi. A khuasung lampi te hoih vetlo leh kipuah lo lai hi. Tui leh mei pen deih bangin ngahlo uh hi. Zato hoih leh Siavuan gina zong neizo mello uh lai uh hi. Khuasung ah guta buluh tam in, palik te leh mipi’ makaite in golhguk ne uh ahih manin mipi te in muan ding Gam makai khuasung makai neilo uh aa, “a pi amang akno te” bangin om zelzul uh hi.(Kawlgam tawh ki bang zezen)

Hih pen minam khat, biakna ngeina kibang, a omna a gam aleitang kibang hi napi in bang hangin hih gam nih in akhen Nogales khua khat pen van le lei in kikhai mawk hiam?

South leh North Korea

South Korea te pen tulai tak leitung ah gam hau mahmah khat hi in Asia ah ahau 4th na leh leitung ah ahau 11th na hi mawk hi. Kum khat in a mimal sumlut pen $32,400 bang hi in anuntak na uh pen ahuampi in (Life Expectancy) 79.3kum ahi hi. Naungek 1000 lak ah 4.08 bek si in, amimal mahmah zong a tha uh hoih thei mahmah uh aa, North Korea te sangin letmat 2”(50mm) bang thasang zaw mawk uh hi. Tu laitak amin thang Samsung bangpen leitung ah Smart phone bawl lak ah Apple tawh amau gelbek phial in a buplak uh hi.

North Korea ahih leh leitung ah gam zawngpenl lak ah kihel in, khat veivei bang nek ding neilo in a mipite puksi thei zelzel uh a, 1993-2000kum kikal sung bangin mipi 350,000 bang a puksi dingin kiciam teh hi. Kumkhat in a mimal sumlut pen $1800 khawng bek hi in, anuntakna pen ahuampi in (Life Expectancy) 69.2kum bek nungta hi in, a sanggam South Korea sangin kum 10 tak khan tomzaw uh hi. Naungek 1000lak ah 26.21 bang sih suah uh hi. Leitung ah aki theih valval na omlo in Nuclear nei, kumpi gilo cih ciang bekin ki thei mawk hi. Tuni deuhin a upi pa sihna hangin North Korea te kingawh aa, zong hikha thei ding ahih manin a u a that ngam makai anei uh cih hi lai hi.

Minam khat, gamkhat, unau khat, a leitang omna a ki bang hi. Makai te pilna theihna ci leng a sanggamte theihzah mah thei lua mahmah ding hi. Bang ahi tam hi zah in van leh lei aki khaih na uh?

Singapore

Singapore gam pen gam neu mahmah khat hi in 719 square Km bek pha (Tedim township sangin a zah 3 in neuzaw, Tedim -2409 square Km) hi. A gam neu mahmah ahih manin bang mah pianglo bek thamlo in a mite omna ding mun zong aki cing lo hi zaw hi. Chinese, Malay, Indian leh Eurasian leh gamdang mite ci in minam pi li om hi. Biakna zong Buddhist, Muslim, Hindu, Christian, Free Thinker etc cih bangin ki lamdang mahmah hi. Leitang in pialo, biakna ngeina kibang ngiatlo, pilna theihna zong a sang aniam om khawm ngeingai hi. (Kawlgam, Zogam in etteh huai)

Khantohna lam ah pen leitung ah a mimal in ahau pen, gam nuam pen, tengna dingin a nop pen gam cihte ii Top 5 ah kihel den mawk hi. 2017 kum in a gammi te ii mimal kumkhat sumlut pen $90,000 val bang hi dingin, leitungah a tam lina dingin Internatioanl Monetary Fund ten genkhol lai hi. Sun leh zan in vaksuk vak tohna nang, numei naupang aa dingin lungmuang tak leh suakta takin tentheihna gam ahi hi. Minam biakna tampi akigawm hangin tuate paukap in buaina om vetlo hi. Bang hangin hih zahtak in buai theihna ding ahang tampi kawmkal pan in khangto in hau mahmah ai tam?

Myanmar gam

1962kum, galkap kumpi a kah ma ciangciang pen Kawlgam zong gam hau leh gam nuam mahmah ahi hi. Tua hun lai in East Asia gamte pan in Europe lam a zin ding vanleng te in Yangon pen a transit nangin zang uh hi, tu laitak Singapore, Bangkok khawng a kizat dan hi ding hi. Japante tawh aki bang phial in a hau ahi hi. U Nu (1st Prime Minister) bang pen Sen gam khawng, USA khawng a zin ciangin huhna ngen cih thadah in huhna a pia zaw ahi hi. Universityte zong pen , Asia ah a hoih pen pawl ahi hi. Singapore in tua hun laitak Kawlgam etteh aa a hanciam ahi hi.

Ahih hangin galkap kumpi a kah a sawtlo in Leitung ah a zawng pen, a khangto lo pen suak ziau hi. Amun leh amual hang, a gammite ngeina biakna hang hilo hi cihpen ki lang mahmah hi. A makai te zong a theilo ahai hi zenzen lo in, makai masate tawh a kilawmta a khangkhawm vive leh a pil a siam Advisor tampi anei ahi hi. Sepna dan ding atheilo hi hetlo uh hi. Tua leh bang hang aa hih zah aa ki zawng ai tam?

A hang bulpi taktak pen

“Why nations Fail” lai-at te in gam leh minam a khantohna dingpen 1) a leitang kiphah zia thupi pen hilo in 2) Biakna, ngeina, mivom mikang hihna te a thupi pen hilo hi. 3) Theihna kicin lohna cihte zong a hang bulpi hilo hi ci hi. A thupi pen in “A gam makaite, makaih theihna dingin thu neite’ lungsim puakzia a thupi pen ahi hi. Gam leh minam aa dingin, gam leh minam khantohna dingin a lungsim takpi, deihsakna a nei takpi ahih nakleh tua gam pen pello in khangto ding hi. A gam leh minam aa ding bang hoihpen ding cih atheilo omlo in, amau ut bek, amau deihna leh angtung phattuamna, min deihna cihte a masak luat hangin gam pawlkhatte a khangto theilo hi zaw hi” cih ahi hi.

Hoih tak lungngai’ kik ding

Lungsim puakzia a thupi pen ahih manin bangdan lungsim puakzia bangci khel ding cih dotna lianpi khat ong om ding hi. A tunga Gam khangto, minam khangto te’ ki makaih zia tung pan in Kawlgam, Zogam leh Zomi makaite in tulai Kawlgam gamvai dinmun tawh kituak in a etteh theih dingin thu tampi om kha ding hi.

1) Mipite kisap taktak (National Interest) bang hiam cih a theih kul ding hi. Tua in mailam ngimna leh kalsuan zia (Policy) ding ong lak dinga, tua Policy in lampi ong lak dinga, tua lampi tawh kalsuan thei pah ding hi.

2)Tawmvei sung mipi lawppak na bek dingin ngaihsun lo in hun saupi aa dingin thukhual uh a, vaihawm khol uh hi. Khentuam paih tuam neilo in mipi khantohna dingin lungsim siangtho taktawh makai uh hi.

3) Khat leh khat ki zahtakna, ki itna bulphuh uh hi. Minam tamte in minam tawm zawte simmawh tuanlo in, a tawmzaw te ngaihsutna zong thupi sim sak veve uh hi. Ngaihsutna aki bang lo in, kikum khawm in, tu khawm in, vaihawm khawm liailiai uh hi.

4) Makaite in mipite kisap taktak kan uh a, mipite ngaihsut piakna te, mipil te ngaihsut piak nate hoihtak in sangin sempah uh hi. Amau hoihsak thubek tawh sem lo in mipi phattuam pih taktak ding bek sem uh hi. Kim leh pam tawh kizom uh in khut kilen in thu vaihawm khawm uh hi.

5) Hih bangin lungsim hoih, deihsakna anei ahih theihna dingin Pastor te, Biakna makaite, Pawlpi makaite dinmun ong thupi mahmah hi. Nipi sim in biakin ah gamtat hoihna, itna, ki zahtaakna, mawhmai sakna thute bekbek hoihtak in ki hilhhilh ki gengen hunta ding hi. Thu dang la dang tawh hun beisak nawnloh ding thupi ding hi.

6) Innkuan makai innkuan lutang ahi khempeuh in zong, a innkuan sung a ta a tute hoihtak makaih in, lungsim hoih, itna anei, gam leh minam aa ding deihsakna a nei khangthakte ong suak nangin pattah ding vaipuak nei kim ciat uh hi.

Gam khat minam khat a khantohna ding a thupi penpen in lungsim puakzia hoih ding, itna deihsakna taktak neih ding thupi mahmah ahih manin, Zomi sungah tua bang lungsim puakzia ten mun a lakzawh ni aa kipan in Zogam Zomi te khantohna lam ah a ma nawhnawh hi pah hi. Bangdan lungsim puakzia te in minam khangto sak in bangdan lungsim puakzia te in minam kiamsuk sak ding hiam cih laisim mimal kim in hoih tak a lungngai dingin aki zawn hi ni.

Nang ngaihsutna bang hilo in, ahoih zaw ngaihsutna ong kipia te a sangsiam dingin na kiging nai hiam? Gam khat minam khat makai dingin, pawlpi khat makai, innkuan khat a makai ding ahi nangmah in bangdan lungsim puakzia na nei aa? Lungdam, Khup Lian Thang