Cold War i cihcih bang hihiam? ~ Thang Khan Lian
Jan. 9, 2017: Cold War i cih pen politics, galkap (military), sum-le-paai bawlna (economy) leh ngaihsutna leh lungsim geelna (ideology) lamsang ah Galpi Nihna khit nungin Soviet Union (USSR) leh US kikal ah kituah lohna lianpi hong piang a, a langtangin galkap zangin a kido lian loh hangun mun tampi ah a sim tham in a kidona “proxy-war” kici ah a sim do denna uh genna ahi hi. Galpi Nihna hong bei in Eastern Bloc a kici (Soviet gam leh a kipawlpih gamte “satellites states” a kici Communist gamte) leh Western Bloc kici (US, NATO leh a pawlte leh a kipawlpih gamte capitalist democracy gamte) kikal ah politics lamsang ah ki-ukna vai leh ngaihsutna nakpi tak-a ki-elna hong piang hi.
Eastern Bloc kici gam ten mikim kikim-a ki-ukna (Communism) tawh ki-uk a, van bawlna sette (factories, industries), banks leh meileengte kumpi in uk ding deih uh a, Western Bloc ten suakta tak-a sum bawlna, a haute hau semsem ding, company nei zo ten company, bank, meileeng leh van bawlna set-te nei ding cih tawh ki-ukna deih in, amau pawl ding (alliance) tek uh hong zong uh hi.
Clod War kammal lian pen Mikangte laigelhsiam George Orwell in “You and the Atomic Bomb” kici essay a gelh October 19, 1945 in British newspaper Tribune ah kisuakna ah hong tuang a, James Burnham in a genkholh leitung kikhengawpna (polarised world) a piang ding a genna thu a essay ah tuangsak hi. Orwell in The Observer news ah March 10, 1946 in, “Nung kum December in Moscow conference ah Russia in Britain leh British in a ukna gam (Empire) ah cold war hong pulak khum hi ci hi.
US Democratic president-te thudot mahmah (influential advisor) Bernauch Barauch in April 16,1947 in leitung mun tuamtuam ah US leh Soviet kikalah kitelsiam lohna leh buaina (geopolitical confrontation) kinei hi na ci hi. Tua a thugen ding a gelhsak journalist Herbert Bayard Swope in, “Ei leh ei kikhem kei nawn ni. Tu ni-in cold war i laizang ah om khin zo hi,” cih a thugen ding gelhsak hi. 1947 in Newspaper columnist Walter Lippmann in “The Cold War” kici laibu hong bawl manin cold war cih kammah hong kinakzat mahmah a, a kidot leh Lippmann in 1930s in France kammal kizang “la guerre froide” kici panin ka lak hi ci hi.
Historians ten cold war hong pian’ khiat kum lian hih kum hi cih ngaihsutna tuam tek nei uh a, ahih hangin 1947 panin hong kipan khia taktak cih kithukim uh hi. 1947 kum pen US President Truman in “Truman Doctrine” kici hong pankhia a, Soviet in a gamkeek ding dalna dingin US in a pawlte huhna (aid) kipia ding hi cih ciam hi. International Relations (IR) siam ten bel British PM Churchill in Westminster a Fulton University ah (tua hunin Truman zong om hi) March 5, 1946 in a thugenna ah US pen world power hi a, English kampau a zang gamte kipawlna ding leh Soviet in leitung mun tuamtuam ah Communist ngaihsutna a kizelhsak dalna ding a genna ah “iron curtain” cih kammal a zat manin cold war kipatna ding piangsak hi ci uh hi. IR siam pawl khat leuleu in bel Galpi Nihna hunin US in Allied Force (Soviet, UK, France+) gamte gum loin thauvui thautang tawh sumbawlna hun a zat manin Allied gamte lungkim lo a, tua panin a khaici kituh ta hi ci uh hi.
COLD WAR A HUN A KIKHEN ZIA (STAGES):
1. Galpi 2na pan US President Roosevelt sih dong (April 1945) : Galpi 2na hun sungin Roosevelt adingin Nazi Germany pen zawh ding hi cih a ngimna lianpen ahih hangin ama deihna bek tawh Soviet gam-uk (dictator) Statin’ ngaihsutna tua bang na khin lo hi. Roosevelt in Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy leh Militarism Japan pen zawh ding na ngaihsut beh lai hi. 1947 in President Truman in Communism daangkoih theihna ding leh mun neucik sung bekah tunkhawmtheihna ding (“containment of the spread of communism”) Truman Doctrine kici hong pankhia a, $400 million bei in leitunga gal omna mute ah kigolh ding leh communism dal ding cih hong pankhia hi. US in Communist gamte ah kiphinna nei dingin sum tawh lungphona neite sim golh kipan hi.
2. Roosevelt’ sih khit nung leh Stalin sih (March 1953) dong : September 1947 in Eastern Bloc gamte ah international communist movement a hatna ding leh Soviet leh a pawlte gam (satellites states) a uk khum theihna dingin Cominform kici phuankhia hi. Ahih hangin June 1948 in Communist Yugoslavia gam makai Tito in Eastern Block panin kipeng khiatna theihna dingin Eastern leh Western Blocs tawh kipawl lohna ding ngimna tawh India PM Nehru, Indonesia president masa pen Sukarno, Egypt president 2na Gamal Abdel Nasser tawh kipawlin 1961 in Non-Align Movement hong phuankhiat manun Tito leh Stalin kikal ah kitelsiam lohna lianpi hong piang hi.
Hih hun ah kikapna piang dek mahmah ahih manin IR siam ten hih hun pen “the-almost-shooting-cold-war” hun hi ci uh a, Capitalist West Germany leh Communist East Germany buaina hangin Berlin kulhbang (wall) kisatsia in, Germany pumkhat suak a, 1948-49 kikal nak buai mahmah hi. Tua loin Korea buaina (1950-53) hangin zong Soviet leh US kikaptuah dek tak mahmah uh hi. Britain, France, US, Canada leh western European gam 8 ten April 1949 in Soviet dalna dingin North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) hong puankhia uh hi.
3. Stalin’ sih khit leh Nikita Khrushchev a kipaihkhiat dong (October 1964) : Stalin’ sih khit in Nikita Khrushchev in Stalin’ za hong laih a, Russiate nuclear hauh kisialhpih in, ” Kong vui ding uh hi” (“we will bury you”) ci giatgiap a, USte Cuba ah Fidel Castro laih khiatna hong kigolh uh ciangin Russia in Cuba ah nuclear ballistic missiles 1962 in hong koih manin leitung in nuclear gal na ciam kha dek mahmah hi. Ahih hangin a sawt loin Khrushchev in a ngaihsutna hong laih in, “Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization campaign” kici hong bawl manin nitumna leh nisuahna gamte kikal-ah kilemna hong piang thei kik hi.
Hih hun pen a gamla kap khakna ding galvan long-range weapons kici US leh Soviet a kidem hun uh hi a, August 1957 in Soviet in leitung adingin a masa pen dingin intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) lawhcing takin sitna nei uh a, October 4, 1957 in leitung a kimkot dingin satellite masa pen Earth satellite Sputnik 1 kici space ah kap to uh hi. Soviet in Vostok programme a hanciamna tawh Vostok spacecraft zangin April 12, 1961 in Baikonur Cosmodrome panin Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin space ah kahsak uh hi. US in zong Soviet-te dem nuam pah in 1969 in Apollo kici spacecraft zangin Armstrong leh Edward Aldrin khapi ah kahsak uh hi (hih pen a mi uptheih dingin a phuahtawh uh a zuaupi uh hi kici a, studio sungah video a kizaih tawm uh hi kici hi. Moon landing hoax ci-in google panin zong le uh ci-in thu tampi om hi). Hih hun pen space kidemna (race) hun kici hi.
4. Khrushchev a kipaih khiat khit leh ama’ zalaih Leonid Brezhnev (November 1982) sih dong : Hih hun pen Cold War 2na hun kici a, Western bloc leh Eastern bloc gamte democracy leh communism keek nuamin Asia, Africa leh Latin America gamte ah kigolh in, amau’ ki-ukzia banga gam ki-ukna piangsak theihna dingin hih i genna gamte-a gal omte “local proxies war” kicite ah kigolh uh a, 1960s pek panin in Vietnam ah USte kigolh in, 1980s panin Afghanistan gamah Soviet-te a kigolh hun ahi hi. Historians pawl khat ten bel 1979–85 kikal pen Cold War 2na hun hi ci-in ciamteh uh hi.
5. Brezhnev sih khit nung leh Soviet Union a kikhenkhapna (December 1991) : US in Communist thanemna leh tunkhawmna dingin a ngim uh tangtungna huh ahi hi. Hih hun pen space ah galvan koih ding kidemna hun zong hi a, US President Reagan in Star War Program kici hong pan khia in, $200 billion val tak galvan bawlna dingin kizang hi. Hih thu hangin galvan lamsangah kitaitehna hong nasia mahmah a, Soviet economy siat hun tawh kituak ahih manin Soviet President Gorbachev in Reagan nuclear galvan khiamna hong nei uh a, nuclear galvan tampi tak kisusia (dismantled) tuak uh hi. December 1991 in Soviet gam pen gam tuamtuam in hong kikhen in, Commonwealth of Independent (CIS) states hong piang khia a, Gorbachev in Russian economy a thahatsak kik zawh loh hangin US economy pen hih hunin sia lo ahih manin US in galvan tam hong bawl beh zo zaw suak hi.
Ahih hangin Russia leh US kikihta tuam loin ko thahatzaw ung a cih tuak tei hangun tu lianin bel in US in military budget ading sum a zat zah leh a galvan neih zah tawh et dingin US pen a tungnung zaw suak a, ahih hangin Russia in nuclear galvan 8,000 kiim nei in, US in 7,300 kiim nei ahih manin kikihta tuak veve uh hi. Cold war a bei siang lian loh hangin international terrorism hong hatna hangin a kihuatna uh hong dai zaw deuh ta hi. US in Cold War hun kipat cil 1945 panin 1992 kikal sungin nuclear sitna (tests by official count) 1,054 tak nei a, a vekin lawhcing hileh hau veve ding hi cihna hi. Cold war a thum veina hong piang kik tam cih kigen thei lo a, hong tung ding hun bekin hong hilh thei ding hi. Source: Wikipedia, C.T. Evans “Phases of the Cold War” and The Origins of the Cold War, 1945–1949 by Edsitement (The Best of Humanitieas onthe Web) Thang Khan Lian
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