Zomi te Myanmar gam lamhna ah ih kihelna ~ Bob Tuangpi
Zomi Congress For Democracy, Youth Conference | Thusung: Kham Lam Tuang @ Bob Tuangpi | Dated: 24 February 2020, Tedim
Zomi-te Myanmar Gam Lamhna Ah Ih Kihelna :: Zomite tangtawn pek pan akhangkhangin eizia eidan tawh ei leh ei a ki-uk asuakta minam khat ih hihi. Tua kimlai 1896 kum tak teh gamkeek mikang kumpi (British Empire) in Zogam bup hong la uh hi. Tua bang hong lak uh tak ciangin gam ki-ukna ding thukhunpi ahi, “The Chin Hills Regulation Act 1896” cih hong bawl pah uh a, tua tawh Union of Burma 1947 Panglong Thukimna pan hong piang 1948 suahtakna laakkhop hun dong tua Zogam Thukhunpi kici The Chin Hills Regulation Act 1896 tawh hong uk uhhi. Tua mah bangin mualtungmi mah ahi Kachin leh Shan minamte zongh amau dan leh ngeina tawh kizui-in tangtawn pek pan ki-uk kimlai gamkeek mikang kumpi (British Empire) ukna nuai ah na kia tek uhhi.
Tua bang teng khit tak ciangin, Kachin minamte a uk nadingun thukhunpi khat mah ahi, “ The Kachin Hills Regulation Act 1895” cih thukhunpi na bawlsakin, Shan minamte a uk nadingun, “ Federated Shan States Acts 1887, 1891, 1895” cih bangin atuamtekin asuakta gamkhat dinmun ah thukhunpi tuamtuam tawh hong uk ciat uh hi. Tua mualtung gamlianpi (3) teng pen mikang/mangkang kumpite in Frontier Areas Administration ci-in Kawlzang leitang tawh kisawhkhalo atuam vilvelin hong uk uhhi.
Zanggam Kawl mite leh gamkeek mikangte (3) vei bang na kido uh hi. 1824 kumin khatvei, 1852 kumin khatvei akido khit uh ciangin anunung pen 1885-1886 tak teh Kawl kumpi Thibaw Min leh akhuapi Yadanarpon Mandalay mikang kumpi ukna (British Empire) nuai ah Kawlzangbup kia ta hi. Tua bangin Kawlzangbup (Rakhine, Mon, Karen kihel leitang) gamkeek mikang kumpi nuai ah akiat khit tak teh tua gamteng zanggam ki-ukna tuam khat ahi, “Ministerial Burma/Proper Burma” ci-in na tuam uk uhhi. Tua ahih manin, tulaitak Union of Myanmar zanggam leitang leh khamtung mualtung gamteng atuamtuakin gamkeek mikang kumpite in hong uk uh aa, zanggam teng Ministerial Burma/Proper Burma cih thukhunpi nuai ah ukin khamtung mualmi gamteng Frontier Areas Administration ci-in hong tuam uk uhhi.
Zomi-te Leh Union of Burma/Myanmar
Mikang kumpi ukna nuai ah ukna tuamtek tawh a om mualtung gamteng (Frontier Areas Administration) leh Kawl zanggam teng ( Ministerial Burma/Proper Burma) te kibelpawl khawm-in mikang kumpi khutsung pan suahtakna lakhawm ding in asuakta gam khat phutkhia khawm ding ( Coming together) cih asuakta ukna gam (4) teng thukimin 1946 kum a (1) veina Panglong, Shan gam ah kamkupna mualmi makai ukpi tuamtuamte in na nei uh aa, tua lai ah ukpi Pu Pum Za Mang na kihel hi.
1947 kum a (2) veina Panglong khawmpi, Shan gam ah mualmi leh Kawlmi zanggam makaite’ thukimna ahi Panglong Thukimna ( Panglong Agreement) tak ciangin ukpi Pu Thawng Za Khup na kihelin mualtung gamteng leh Kawlzang gamteng kibelpawlin suahtakna lakhawm ding cih ngimna tawh Panglong thukimna/kiciamna laidalpi na thukimtek uhhi.
Tua Panglong Thukimna hangin 1948 kum tak teh mualtung gamteng (Frontier Areas Administration) leh Kawlzanggam teng (Ministerial Burma/Proper Burma) kipawlin suahtakna kingah khawm hi. Tua hun asuakta Union Of Burma akiphutkkhiat cil aa kipan minampi khatin kihel leh gambup alamkhia minam ah kihel Zomite ih hihi. Akhangkhangin Union of Burma gam tangthu hun thupi sim (Historic Turning Point) khempeuh ah Zomite kihello-in piang ngeilo hi. 1947 Panglong thukim zawh ciangin, ekdik kikna khawmpi Maymyo khuapi ah 21 April, 1947 ( Maymyo Inquiry) kibawlkikin tua lai ah zongh Pu Pum Za Mang leh Pu Mang Tung Nung te khawmpi na kah uhhi.
Gambup suahtakna ngah nading thuguipi Panglong Thukimna bangin gam ki-ukna kipailo mawk ahih manin 1947 Union of Burma Constitution puahphakik ding, Panglong Thukimna bang kalsuan ding cih mualtungbup khawmpi Taunggyi khuapi, Shan gam ah 1961 kum akineih tak ciangin zongh Zomi makai mah ahi Pu Mang Tung Nung leh Pu Chin Sian Thang te na kahin thusunna na nei uhhi.
Gambup suatakna ngah zawh thukhunpi (3) kinei aa, 1947 thukhunpi, 1974 thukhunpi leh tulaitak kizangh 2008 thukhunpite ahihi. Suahtakna ngah zawh 1947 -1958 kikal 1947 thukhunpi hun ah Parliamentary Democracy tawh gam ki-ukin, 1958 -1960 sungteng Innngak kumpi (House Caretaker Government), 1962 -1974 hunteng Revolutionary Council/Government) tawh kipai leuleu-in, 1974 -1988 hun tak teh Burma Socialist Programme Party/Burmese Way To Socialism (1974 Thukhunpi hun) kitawn leuleu hi.
1990 kum teh gambup ah mipi ngetna tawh gambup ah kiteelna om aa, tua hunin Zomi minsel party ahi Zomi National Congress in Tedim leh Tonzang township ah kidemin tutna mun (2) kingah pah-in hunthak ah Zomi minpua aa Union of Burma ah siksan laak masakna zongh hong hipah hi. 1990 kum kiteelna agah teng galkap kumpi in athukimpih loh/thuneihna apkiklo ahih manin, 1988 -2010 sung teng galkap thuneihna tawh ki-ukna ( State Law and Order Restoration Council & State Peace and Development Council) cih tawh kikalsuanin gambup ah gamvai/politics vai gamtat ding kikhaktan hi.
Tua kawmkal ah 1990 kiteel pan mualmi agualzote leh NLD makaite kipawlin gambup mipi teel mipi taangmi kipawlna ( Committee For Representing People’s Parliament) kiphuankhia-in tua sungah Zomi minsel party makaipi Pu Chin Sian Thang leh apawlte’ makaih Zomi National Congress zongh kihelin gambup gamvai ah kimapang toto banah Zomi makai tampitak in mat leh hen thuaklawh zeelzeel hi.
Tulaitak thukhunpi 2008 nuai ah zong 2012 pan minam minseel Zomi Congress For Democracy siksanin gambup gamvai kikhelna leh mapannate ah Zomite in pan kila maban kisawn toto hi. 1990 kiteelpi khit zawh mualmi gamvai kipawlna ahi United Nationalities League For Democracy leh United Nationalities Alliance cihte siksanin sanggam mualmmi minam tuamtuamte tawh gamvai kisem khawm toto ahihi.
2008 thukhunpi nuai ah Zomi Congress For Democracy minsel party mah tawh gambup gamvai kamkupna ahi Union Peace Conference -21st Century Panglong Khawmpi kikahin thusunna leh kamkupna kineizelin kizomto suaklai ding hi. Tua ban ah 2008 thukhunpi puah nading teelcing MP 46 Committee (2008 Constitution Amending Committee) ah pan kilathei aa, thukhun laih nopte kipuak thei-in gambup vai ah minam tuamtuamte tawh khut kilen na kisemkhawm toto ahihi.
Zomi-te Union of Burma kilamhna leh hun thupi kikhelna simin ih kihellohna omlo hi, ih cih mah bangin gamvai party bulphuh siksanin mapanna leh avui atang tawh gam ading mapanna lampi (2) tonin kalsuanna zong minam dangte bangin akhangkhang kineito zeel hi. 1964 kum zawh Chin National Liberation Army min tawh Pu Tun Kho Pum Baite leh Pu Thualzente, 1990 kum khit nung ah Pu Thang Lian Pau leh apawlte’ makaih Zomi Revolutionary Organization tawh tunitan aciangciang ah sak leh khang sim leh maal ah ahunzui pan kila toto ahihi.
Tua mah bangin akhangkhangin sangnaupang siamsinte in zong Zomi Siamsin siksan leh gambup siamsin siksanin Union of Burma ah mipi deihna tawh ki-ukna ding leh mualmite’satanh ngetna ah mapanna ahunzui kinei den hi. 1988 (8888 People’s Uprising) gambup lungphona leh 2007 (2007 Saffron Revolution) gambup lungphonate ah Zomi khangno tampitakin mapanna kinei hi.
Zomite’Deih Gamvai Thuneihna
Leitung ah gamvai ki-ukna tuamtuam ahi gambup phualpi thunneihna ultungsakna (Unitary State), gambup sung om gamkee te in amau dinmun, ngeina leh zia-le-tong tawh kizui gam ki-ukna (Federal) leh gambup phualpi sa’ng gamkee tuamtuamte (Units) tuamtuamte’thuneihna ultungsak zawkna (Confederation) cih bang om hi. Tua teng lak ah 1947 Panglong Thukimna dungzui Union Of Burma ah minampi khat hihna tawh Zomite’ gamvai theineihna ih deih (Zomi Self-determination) ahih leh eima mailam leh eima gamvai ah eimah in thuneihna bukim neih ding cih ahihi.
Tua pen Federal ki-ukna bek in hong pia thei ding ahihi. Federal ki-ukna cih ciangin nam tampi-in kikhento lai hi. Leitung ah gam ki-ukna tampi a omna lakah Federal ki-ukna azangh 20% bang pha dingin kiciamteh-in leitungbup mimal phazah 40% in Federal ki-ukna nuai ah om uhhi.
Federal Nam Tuamtuam:
- (1) Coming Together
- (2) Holding Together
- (3) Territorial Federalism
- (4) Ethnofederalism
(1) Coming Together – Tangtawn pek pan asuakta minamte leh gamte in gamlianzaw, athahatzaw ahih theih nadingun asuakta kibelpawlna gamthak khat phutkhiatna ahihi. Gentehna, USA, Union of Burma, Switzerland, Australia etc…)
(2) Holding Together – Gamlian khat/Colony gam pan asuakta gamkhat hong kilamh tak ciangin gambup phualpi pan thuneihna ultungsak mahmah napi’n gamsungah om minam tuamtuamte’gamvai thuneihna ngetna zui, amun amual leh aminamzui-in akituak ding gamthu thuneihna (Political Autonomy) geelsiamna hi a, gamsung om minam tuamtuamte leh gamkee/Units khat leh khat zong angah uh hamphatna atuamtek hithei hi (Assymetrical Federal, Gtna : India, Belgium etc…)
(3) Territorial Federalism – Hih federal ki-ukna gamte ah gamkee/state ahih leh minam khat min siksan hilo-in leitangzui kilamh gamkee te hipha diak hi (Gtna: USA gamsung aa om Texas state, Hawaii state, California state cih gamkee min pen agamsung om minam khat peuh minvawhna hilo-in amun amual zui kiminphuah ahihi).
(4) Ethnofederalism – Hih Federal ki-ukna ahih leh leitung galpi (2) aven khit zawh Yugoslavia, Belgium leh Czechoslovakia te in limzat phadeuh uhhi. Gamsung om gamkee tuamtuamte’ min akivawh ciangin minampi khat siksanin ki-ukna thuneihna piakna ahihi. Gamvai thuneihna pen gambup aphualpi’thuneihna sangin gamkeete’ thuneihna ultungsakzawkna hi aa, minam tuamtuamte in gamvai thuneihna (Self-determination) sangpitak nei uh hi.
Thukhupna
Leitungah gam ki-ukna tuamtuam om-in mipilte in zong min tuamtuam na vawh uhhi. Federal ki-ukna ah zong anam tuamtuamin gam tuamtuamte in amau’gam tawh kituak pen dingin na zangh tek uhhi. Tua mah bangin Zomite in zongh Panglong thukimna om mah bangin Zomi te’ngah ding kilawm hamphatna, gamvai thuneihna satanh (Zomi Self-determination) akideih ahihi.
Asuakta gamkhat sungah gambup thuneihna mungpi thumte ahi gam ukna thumungpi (Executive power), thukhun bawltheihna mungpi (Legislative power) leh thukhen theihna mungpi (Judiciary power) cihte gambup kumpi tungah gambup vaipi tawh kisaite a om mah bangin gamkee/state tuamtuamte’tungah zongh amau’minam zui, zia-le-tong, mun leh mual zui thuneihna mungpi thumte mah suaktatak zattheihna leh thuneihna hawmna (division of power/decentralization) ahihi. Gamkee te in zong tualsung gamvai thuneihna mungpi thumte suaktatak zangh thei ( internal self-determination/domestic sovereign power) ding hi.
Tua ban ah gambup kumpi in gambup vai tawh kisai thute bek saithei-in gamkee/state te in apiak thuneihna bek zangh thei ding hi. Tualo adang thuneihna khempeuh (Residual power) pen gamkee/state te’ tungah zattheihna kipia dinng hi. Tua bang ei leh ei zingvai hawmtheihna, Panglong thukimna om mah bangin gamsung minamte liangko kikimna (Ethnic equality) omin, minam citam khat bek thu tawh gambup vai kihawmlo-in gambup vaite gambup minamte’ thuneihna liangko kikim ahih ding kideih hi. Gamkee tuamtuam, minam tuamtuamte’ hamphatna leh gamvai ah liangko kikim thuneihna bukim Zomite in akideih ahihi.
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