Zawnna Khiapna Geelna (Poverty Alleviation Program) ~ Pau Sian Lian

Zawnna Khiapna Geelna (Poverty Alleviation Program) ~ Pau Sian Lian

1970 khitlam 1980 pawl a kipan leitung bup gam tuamtuam lakpan a diakin a zawng deuh gamte’n zawnna do kipat sawm mahmahin, Zawnna Khiapna Geelna-ZKG (Poverty Alleviati-on Programs-PAP) cih khat phuangkhia uh hi. Hih geelnate’ deihna bulpi-in mi zawngte, a diakdiak in nekding neilo tangial dinmun omte, ki-ukna hoihlo le sum-le-pai hamsatna tuamtuam pan hu-in ih kepnop leh a mau ading ngiat a tuam vilvel-in vai ih geelsak loh phamawh ding hi, cih ngimna a hihi. Hih geelna pen a hoihpen, a kicing pen cihna zong hituan lohi. Khat veivei ahun, a muntawh na kituak lo, mi teeldan siamlohna, a kiteel nasepte gina lokha cih bang in thanemna om luahi. Ahi zongin zawnna khiapna geelnate ah helloh a phamawh, ngaihsut loh a phamawh, zatloh a phamawh hamtang pawlkhat omin tuate ensuk dihni.

ZKG ah Kihel hamtangding Pelmawhte
Tuam Vivel Geelna (Exclusive Program)
A bulpi penpen le a kul hamtang ding thu-in hih geelna in mi honpi a huam miaimuai pongmawk geelna hilo-in mizawng te linlian bek ngimsa in a kisuai, a ki vaihawm geelna ahih hamtang kulhi. A ki khialhmun mahmah khat’in mipi khantoh nading geelna nasep cih min pua pong mawkin mizawng taktakte’n phattuam pihding cih thadah, na theikha ngiatlo theihi. Mizawng cih kammal inzong tam huamlai ahih man-in a zawng pente, nekding na ngawn a neilo ta ngialte ngim sa a kigeel ahih keileh theihtham ki lamdanna omlo dinghi.

Zawnna Tehna Piciang Bawlna(Defining parameters of being poor)
A thupi nihna in mizawng te ngimngiat-in thu ih geel khitteh kuate taktak mizawng in ciamteh ding ihhiam, cih a hihi. Vai tampi-ah mizawng cihpen khuata lam a omte, lokhote, khuanawl lam a teengte cih a kipan ki upmawh lak khaziau theihi. Zong kikhial mun mahmah hi. A zawng taktak, a zawngngiat cihte pen khasum bangzah sang? Sum lut limlim bangzah nei? Sum suak thei vangil bangteng nei? cihte mah tuat ngiatngiat, sit niloh kulhi.

Mizawng cih Mukhiatna le Mun piakna(Locating and identifying the poor)
Hih ZKG ah kikhial mun khat leuleu in, huam gen lehang mizawng cihziauh na sungah hamphatna khatpeuh lunggulh man-in mi tampi kiguang kha theihi. Mizawng cih tehna piciang hoih ih neih khitteh tua pen mah siksan den-in, deih bawl, deihlak, cih bangin kuamah ki pumdeihsak huai lohi. Adiakdiak in a zawng gamte ah gamtatsiatna(corruption) tam-in, tua corruption tamna ah hihbang kipum deihsak nate uang sehi. Tuahih manin mizawng cihte siangtak-in teh, muhkhiat ding thupit mah bang-in, tuate a sitding, a mun a phual taktak-ah a teelkhia ding kua, cih zong ong thupi kan dinghi.

Zawnna Khiapna Sepna(Activity for Poverty Alleviation)
Zawnna pen a zung pan longkhia-in ih bot loh phamawh hi. Tua zungpi te-in sum lut neihlohna, sum suakthei van neihlohnate a hihi. Tua hihman in ZKG nasep in sum-le-pai ngahna nasepna a hih hamtang kulhi. Tangpi khantohna(community development) nasep na-ah cidam kikepna, pil sinna, dawn tui lakna, lampi sialna cihte thupi mahhi. Ahi zongin, huanding neilo meikhu paisuak innte, mipite` ading hih nasep te-in kiallap lohi. Tua ahih manin sum ngiatmah a lut nasep ih geelsak ding kulhi.

Sum-le-pai lutna nasep cih nangawnah bangdan nam nasep namte hiam, cih ong thupi dinghi.Hih munah zong gam tuamtuam ah kituak mun khat-in, mizawngte-in kizom suak sumlut ih neihsak nop takpi leh an nekkhat neknih sum ngahpak nasep namte hilo-in hunsawt mah a kisem thei nasep te geelsak pahhuai hi. Adiak in amau-le-amau dintheih tawm nasep(self employment), sumbul (capital, asset, skills) cihte mabun diakin kimu hi.

Mizawng khat nasep thaman(wage) piakna in hehnepna ciangbek hi-in zawnna khiapna lakahkhasum piak nasep in muibun pen masa lohi. Zawnna khiapna nasep in a kizom tawntung mannei van kician(asset) te neihsakna nasep hi-in, tua sumsuak thei mannei vankiciante a neih zawh uhteh zawnna pan suahtak nang lamet ompan hi. Siamna khatpeuh hilh’in, amau le amau nasep ih neihsak zawhna’in khasum piak nasep sang pha zaw tham hi.

Nasep sawthun Ciangtanna ((Duration of the Program)
ZKG ah bangtan sawtsak lehang muibun pending cih dotna zong ong thupi mahmah dinghi. Zawnna in ahang thu tampi tak kigawm le hunsawt khopkhat a kitok nawi khitteh piang ahih manin hih zawnna khiapna nasepte zong sun khatthu, zankhat thu-in ki zoziau thei nasep namte hilo hi. ZKG ah a ki panpih mizawngte hun kicing khatmah pia, nghak in pattah kul hamtangdinghi. Mizawng khat ama thu-in dingtang zo-in sum bawlna ah a kihel zawh nading, a zawn kikloh nading cih zenzen a hiziau theilo, lungduai kisam nasep a hihi. Gam tampi ah a ki-et teh mikhat a zawn kik loh nading in kum 5-7 tan ciangbang hunlak kulin kimu hi. Hun tomno sung khatvei seppak zualtawh kuamah ki lamdang lo dinghi.

Huhna Piakna Sepsiamna(Performance of delivery Service)
ZKG sepna-ah kikhial mun dangkhat-in thu khensatna(decision making) pen a tunglam ulian themcikte khut sungah humcip(centralized) lua khatheihi. Cimawh haksate tawh a omkhawm taktakte, mun-le-phual taktak a pha zo, na a vasemte`n thukhensatna khuan cih peuhmah neilo miumiau thei uhhi. Tua kawmkal-ah thunei taktakte`n a mun taktak ah va en, kan, sit cih bangin van meello-in a phual a nasem taktakte citak kei laileh geelnate tangtung ngeilo hi.

Tua hih man-in pahtawina le taina (reward & punuishment system) zatkul hi. Nasem thadah, kicianlote pilna khopding thuhilh kul a, mi kiciante pahtawi kulpah hi. A mazang ZKG te ah tunglam makaite le nungzui nasemte thu neihna ahi ciangkhat kihawm thei uhhi. Makai lamte`n phual a nasemte thu khensat theihna hoih khopkhat piak kawmkal mah-in va sitzeel, va makaih, va van zeelzeel kul hamtang hi.

Huhna Ngahte` lampan Ki theihthamna (Performance of Beneficiaries)
ZKG ngimna bulpi-in mizawngte panpih thapiak ding ahihi. Tua ahihman-in sepkhiatna a kineihteh panpihna ngah lampante-in zong noptuamna, phattuam na a omlam lahkhiat kulhi. Gentehna-in, mi cimawh khat-in huan bawl nading sumbul zatkhuan a ngahleh tua sumbul zang pen-in hun lap-in agah muhkhiatsak ding, a ki vawh sa bangin ki-at kik takpi ahihlam, supna hilo meetna ahih lam lah zawhnang hanciam ding kisamhi. Tua ciang bektawh khawllo-in, ZKG ah panpihna ngah mizawngte ading innkuan kilam kipuahzia, ta neih zahding, sumbawl siamna ki pattahna, cidam kikepna cihte vaihawm sak hamtang huaihi.

Kiphakna, Kipawlna le Kihel kimna(Mobilization, Organization and Participation)
ZKG ah kihel panpihna ngahte thapiakna-ah politic vai a kipan, sum bawlna vai, tangpi vaite ah thu-le-la theihsakna, pilna tuamtuam theihsakna, siamna tuamtuam kipattahna cihte tawh thapiakna zong om huai hi. Tua hi keileh amau a zawhthawh nuam, amau neih sunsun a khema luh sawm omthei hi. Kipawl khawm-in sepna in ZKG ah mabun sak mahmah ahih manin panpih nangah mizawng teng kipawl khawmsak-in pattah huaihi. Theihna tampi kiguan thei kawmkal-ah hih kipawl khop nasepna-in a kihel cimawhte koicih panpih leng hoihzaw ding cih nahoih sepna(mechanism) khat omsak hi. Kipawl khopna hangin a kihelte-in na hoih khatpeuh ngaih suttheihna, patkhiat ngamna, amau-le-amau tung kinghak ngamna, kimuan ngamna cihte neisak tuam hi. A thupi mahmah ah amau kisap taktak banghiam cihte kikum klhawm, zongkhawm, mukhia khawm thei-in, bang sephuai hiam cihte geelkhia khawm theih uh a, mikim kihelna tawh khensatnate kinei zo theihi.

A Tumdang ngiat Nasepna (Exclusive and separate delivery system)
Thu tawpna-ah hih ZKG te a phual-ah sep taktak hunteh ZKG ading ngiat nasemte, a geelte cih bang in, a mi, a dan, sepdan zia-le-tong thak tuam vilvel geelkul hi. ZKG sepkhiatna` tumdang na pen kumpi ki-ukna lamte nasep dan, biakna kipawlna khatpeuhte thu geeldante tawh kibang khin khollo dinghi. Adang NGO kipawlnate nasepte dantawh zong ki lamdang lai dinghi. Khat veivei kumpi zum lamte`n ZKG hoih tuamtuam geel-in sem napi, sep taktak teh a dan khat man theilo-in amau zum ngeina luiteng mah zangkik, zia-le-tong luiteng mahtawh semkhia nuamin, ZKG tum dangna mangngilh kha thei-uhhi.

ZKG in a kihel nasem miding teelna, panmun piakna, pahtawina piakna, taina, ki-ukna lamzia, nasep vandan, ki makaihzia cihte ah ama dan, zia, thukhun tuam cihkhat om se-in tuate kigin huai hamtang hi.

Zawnna Khiapna-ah Vanzatte (Instruments for Poverty reduction)
Zawna khiapna lam-ah mipil Matt Zimmerman in a muhkhiat zat pahtheih honkhat a nuai-ah enni.
– Sumngah theih nading lampi honsakna(credit, remittance, insurance) le mizawngte adingsumsuak thei van (asset) bawlsak na. Tua hileh amau mihing(human capital) khantohtheih nading (pil sinna, cidam kikepna, cihte), neih-le-lam khantohna(physical capital) a hi(leitang, a man kahthei vangil, cihte), zopthuah khantohna(immaterial capital) ahi nei-le-lam keptheihna thukhun (property rights) cihte amau thu-in zomto zosuak ding uhhi.
– Myanmar gam ah a ki limzat zawh nailoh hang, hi zo leh insurance (arrmahkhan-Kawllai)te ah cidamna, nuntakna, inn-le-lo, accident cihte ading kizop huaihi. Tua hileh a neihsa uh asset te patauh loh theihtheih nading kepsakna hipah hi.
– Mizawngte`n a neih-uh asset te a ki behlap nang le behlap zawh nang vai hawmsakna (vocational training cih a kipan siamna tuamtuam pattahna)
– Zawnna khiapna a thupi sak, a ngimngiat, mizawng teng a huamkim mipi sungah sumtuhna(social investment) hoih pha tak-in geelsakna
– Nawlkhin thuak, a ki mangngilh te ading-in mipi huam (social) le sum bawlna(economic) policy phatak-in bawlsakna.

Tua lo hih zawnna khiapna-ah a kizang mun mahmah Muhammad Yunus patkhiat microfinance te zong ciantak-in kanin, a dan lemtuah thei lehang ki gualzo mahmah lel dinghi.

Pau Sian Lian