Lungso gilona leh Zawngkhalna ~ CS Dal
I zawng man in lungso baih in a gilo i hihiam, a hih kei leh i giloh man in a zawng hi zaw i hihiam? A beisa hun laideuh in Sudan, Afghanistan leh Congo. Zandeuh mahin Ivory Coast leh Libya. Lungso na, gamsung buaina, sisan luangna cih pen zawngkhal na mah tawh kibang in leitung ah om kawikawi leh kilawm hi. Theihsa mah bangin, gambuai na pen hoihlo in, gammi te zawngkhal sak zaw a, a zawngkhal khin gammi te ahih leh suksia sakzaw kanlai hi.
US President Barack Obama in Africa gam te huhna ding vai athu genlai in, ‘Zawngkhal luatna in natna hoihlo, migilo leh gam buaina piangsak phadiak hi. Tua a hihman in, mizawng gamte huh ding thupi hi. Mizawng gamte huhna tawh natna hoih lote dalding, migilo te dal ding hihang,’ ci in genhi. Tua ban ah, US Secretary of state Hillary Clinton in zong gamzawng te khantoh nang huhna pen America gam i kidalna policy hi ci in gen hi. Zawnna in siatna te bulpi hi ci in um uh leh kilawm hi.
Ahizong in, tukum World Bank pan a kihawm khia ahi, World Development Report (WDR) sung ah lungso gilona in zawngkhal na te i bulpi khat hi ci in genhi. A lungham/ lungso baih, lungso den gammi te pen gam zawng khal te hi phadiak hi ci in gen hi. Lungsim gilona in zawngkhal na kipatna hi. Nidang in ahih leh zawngman in kizawng hi ci hi. Nidang in lokho mite in, ekleiza nei le uh ankung hoihding cih theina pi, leizo lo uhhi. Sing gah theipuam te zuak theih na ding, mun khat pan mun khat puakna ding mawtaw omlo, lampi hoih lo lai ahih man in, lamkal ah kisia mang lel ding hi ci in ngaihsun uhhi.
Zawngkhal na bulpi in, zawngluat man hi ci uhhi. Eimi te in zawn in hong haisak i ci hi. Ahi zong WDR sung ah zawngluatna hi nawn lo zaw a, gamsung buaina, sisan luanna leh lungso baih in migilo tamna in gamhauh na ding hong khaktan zaw hi ci in at hi. Zawng man hi lo zaw in, lungso giloman hi zaw hi ci uhhi.
Africa gamnih et kak khawm ni. 1990 kim ciangciang, Burundi kici Africa gam leh adang Burkina Faso kici adang Africa gam te gel, gam khangtoh zia, zah kikim hi. Ahi zong in 1993 beikum lam ciang in Burundi gamsung buaina, sisan luanna om a, a makai President kithat in, tuakum pan 2005 kikal miluang 300,000 val kithat hi. A gamdai zaw Burkina Faso gam a hih leh, tuni in Burundi gamsang in, khantoh na a zahnih leh lang in hauzaw hi ci hi. Anuai ah limna et sak in.
Hih gamnih te gel tungtawn in, en leng, gamsung buaiden gamte khantohna ziakai zawk lam kilang mahmah hi. Minam sung kilem lohna, ki thutuak lohna, kido na te in, gamkhang to sak zaw lo in, kiamsuk sak zaw hi cih, a tung ah limsung ah teltak in kimu thei hi. Tua ban ah, gamsung thukhun zuihloh lona, utbang in ki-uk, gamtat na te in zong gam leh minam zawngkhal sak hi ci in genlai hi. Leitung ah mimal mak 6 val a om na sung ah, mimal mak 1.5 valpen gamvai tawh buaina, kido na sung ah nungta lai hi ci in genhi.
Leitung ah gam 39 val leh minam tampi te gamsung, minam sung buai na tawh kidim zelzel hi ci in gen lai hi. Gamsung buai ngeisa gam khat, buai kikkik thei zelzel hi. A kitawng mun te ki tawng zelzel hi ci hi. Gentehna, Guatemala gam ah tuni dong mah migilo te in mipi nawngkai sak, that sak zel lai uhhi. Sudan gamte, Colombia gamte cih te zong tuadan gampawl khat hi.
Gam khangto nai lo, gamzawng te pen, gamsung buai den te na hi zaw uhhi. A zawngtata zong lunghiam baih, lungso baih zaw se leh kilawm hi. Mi lungduai, mi gamdai te pen gamkhang to gammi te na hi pah zaw uhhi. Hehbaih, lungtom, ngongtat na in kiamsut na hong piangsak hi.
Hih WDR tung tawn in a nuai ateng ki mu khia thei hi:
Khatna ah, minam khat, gamkhat khantohna ding in, kilemna kisam masa hi cih hong kilang sak hi. Tua hih man in, minam khat, gamkhat kilem nang bang teng sem masa leng hoih ding cih, minam makai, gam makai te in ngaihsut huai mahmah hi. Thudik in mipi te lungmuan na om ding zong kisam hi. Tua ban ah zuih theih ding amuan huai, thukhun, thumei let tawh, a hoih/dik ki-uk na khutsung pan gamvai, minam vai ah a tangzai leh a picing tupna leh geelna tawh kalsuan ding kisam hi cih zong hong kilangsak mahmah hi.
A nihna ah hibang in, kilemna ngah theihnang in mipi te in makai te i muanding thupi hi ci gen lai uhhi. A kilem lo te lemtuah kikna, 2003 kum in Ghana in nei hi. Makai hong uk te in ngimna hoih, thuman deihna te, mipi hong lakkhiat theih ding zong kisam hi.
Athum na ah, kilemna pan kipawl khop theihna hong om pan ding hi. Kipawl khop theihna pan, sepkhop theihna hong piang to theipan ding hi. Nupa ki lungtuak khua khat in zolo, khuakhat kilung tuak khua kua in zolo ci in I pute i pate in paunak in na nei uhhi. Mipi tawh sep khop na in, na liantampi tak hong zosak a, nasepna te tangzaisak zaw hi.
Atawp na, mipi te lampan in zong lungduai ding kisam mahmah ah tua ban ah, lungduai toh lailai ding zong kisam sem hi. Gam khangto te sun khat thu, zan khat thu in khangto pah lo uhhi. Gam hoih mahmah khin i cih te naleng tuni dong golhguk ne in buailai uhhi. Haiti in kha 18 sung kumpi hoih neihding hanciam uh a, tangtung zolo uhhi. Khantoh nang kalsuan na ah, transition (kikhelna) tuamtuam kituak to thei ding a, ei dinmun tekpan mapang ciat ding kisam hi. Makai te, galkap te, biakna siate, leitung mipil tuamtuam te, gamthu siam te, sumthu siam te pan mun tek ah lungduai tak in sepkhop ding kisam hi.
Ahi zong in, khat veivei, ki lungtom in, kingak lah pah a, kiallap kisa lo kha pahpah thei hi. Mangkang ten: ‘You are a very angry man.’ ci thei uhhi. CS Dal (City University London, 13 May, 2011)
Etkak:
- ‘Conflict, Security and Development’: World Development Report 2011, World Bank
- ‘Conflict and Poverty: The Economics of Violence’; 14 April, 2011, The Economist
- ‘Exploding Misconceptions’; 16 December, 2010, The Economist
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