Dear Zomi U leh nau aw,
Ih pu ih pa te hunlai, Kawlgam suahtakna ngahcil lai tawh kisai kikup ding thu pawlkhat ong khawm ing.Hun na ngahteh na simsak dih in.
1945, 2nd September in galpi nihna abei khit deuh, 7th September in Mangkang kumpi te leh Kawlte makai General Aung San in galkap tawh kisai thukimna lianpi khat nei thei uh a, tua pen Kandy Agreement ci-in kiciamteh hi. Kandy khua pen, Mangkangte ukna nuai aa om Sri Linka gam sunga khua khat hi in, galpi nihna hun in gal belpawl (Alliance Forces) te’ South East Asia Command a dingin aphualpi ahi hi. Mangkangte lampan in Commander Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten leh Kawlte lampan in PBF (Patriotic Burmese Forces) makai General Aung San in thukimna suaikai thei uh hi. Hih thukimna tungtawn in galkap kilamzia a thak neih ding ahi hi. PBF ong piankhaitna thu atom in en pak ni. General Aung San leh alawm (30 Comrades) te in 1941 kum 26th December in Thai gam, Bangkok khuapi pan aphuatkhiat uh Burma Independence Army (BIA), tua pan in Mangkangte a zawh khit ciangin BIA te pen kep hak leh phengtat uh ahih manin Japante mah in 1942 kum 27th July in Burma Defence Army (BDA) ci in amin laih in paizia zong laih hi. Japante in Kawlgam suahtakna (a min bek) a piak ni 1943, 1st August ni in BDA pan in Burma National Army (BNA) in kilaih a, a tawpna ah Japan te lehdo kik ding akipat ciangin BNA pan in Patriotic Burmese Forces (PBF) ci-in laih hi.
Kandy Thumkimna
Kandy Thukimna pan in General Aung San makaih PBF, Mangkang kumpi te pattah Mualtung mite leh Gurkha galkap te kigawm sak in Burma Army phuan uh hi. Hih Burma Army sungah thunei makai ding mimal 200 leh nautang mimal 5200, akigawm mimal 5400 tawh kipan hi. Hih Burma Army bup pen Mangkang kumpi te’ ukna nuai ah koih uh a, a siam akician galkap hoih ahih nangin zong pattah ding, cih thukimna ahi hi. Battalion 15 in khen a,
(1)Burma Rifles mintawh Battalion 6, (2)Karen Rifles min tawh Battalion 3, (3) Kachin Rifles min tawh Battalion 2, (4) Chin Rifles min tawh Battalion 2, (5) No.4 Burma Regiment cih min tawh Gurkha te Battalion 1 leh (6) Chin Hill Battalion cih min tawh Battalion khat hi in, a kigawm Battalion 15 ahi hi.
No. 2 Burma Rifles sungah Karen Company 2, Chin Company 1, Kachin Company 1 hi in, Battallion khat ah Company 4 aom ahi hi. Hih Kandy Thukimna hangin Kawlmi PBF galkapte honkhat Burma Army ah kihel khalo ahih manin, General Aung San in amau teng khawm in People’s Volunteer Organization (PVO) ci in phuan hi. Hih PVO te pen suaktakna ngahkhit teh Belpawl Kumpi a nawngkaisak thautawi te hizaw pian hi. (Kipawlna minte hoihtak na ciapteh sak in, khat vei khitteh atom ciaptehna bektawh ki at hi)
Belpawl Gam phuhkhit gamsung a buaisak singnuai mi kipawlnate
1948, 4th January ni in Belpawl Gam in suahtakna la a, tua khit asawt hetlo in gam sung buaina tualgal lianpi kipan pah hi. Suahtakna ngah mapek pan kipan in, gam makaite kikal kilem lohna, ngaihsut kibatlohna tuamtuam om in abuai mahmah khin ahi hi. Tua hang mahin zong amakaipi General Aung San leh alawmte aki suam lum ahi hi. Amasa pen in;
(1)Suahtakna ngahma 1946, 13th July pekpan in Takhin Soe makaih (CPB –Red Flag) te in thautawi kipan khinta uh hi. (2) 1948, 28th March in Takhin Than Tun’ makaih Communist Party of Burma (CPB – White Flag) te in kumpi lehdo kipan hi. (3)1948, 29th July in PVO te in kumpi lehdo kipan hi. (4) 1948, 18th August in Belpawl kumpi galkap ahi No.1 Burma Rifles Battallion leh No.3 Burma Rifles pan in pawlkhat in kumpi lehdo kipan hi. (5) 1948kum beikuan lam teh Karente so litlit ta uh aa, 1949kum January 20 pawl panin Karen Nation Union (KNU)/ Karen National Defence Organization (KNDO) zong kipan in kumpi nasem Karen mi UMP (Union Military Police) te, Belpawl kumpi galkap No. (1&2&3) Karen Rifles Battalion te zong damdam in KNU/KNDO tawh kipawl in kumpi lehdo ta uh hi. (6) No.1 Kachin Rifles pan in pawlkhat in zong kumpi lehdo lai uh hi. (7) Mon minamte in zong Mon National Defence Organization (MNDO) ci in thautawi kipan uh a, (8) Rakhine gam ah Mujahids (Muslimte) te in zong amau suahtakna, a tuam in thuneihna deihna tawh thautawi kipan in kumpi lehdo uh hi.
Tua ahih manin CPB, PVO (White band), KNU/KNDO/Karen Rifles, MNDO, Mujahids leh No (1&3) Burma Rifles, No.1 Kachin Rifles, hih teng hangin suahtakna angah cil Belpawl Gam ( Union of Burma ) pen buaicih takin buai in mei-am bang hileh a san velval laitak ahi hi. Suahtakna ngahkhit, gamsung buaina tualgal sungah Belpawl kumpi galkap ahi Zomite tawh aki talsik kha pen ahi Karen mite, a kipawlna leh gamvai ah adeihnate uh anuai ah kikum suk dih ni.
Karen Minam I cih te
Karen minamte pen Kawlzang kuam sungah a lut masa minam pawlin kiciam teh hi. Kawlgam leitaw lam ahi Taninthari Region, Irrawady delta, Yangon Region, Pegu, Taunggu, Phapon, Thahtone cih tengah teng uh hi. Kawlmite, Monte tawh teng khawm uh a Kawlkumpi’ ukna nuai ah aom laitak, Mangkangte in Kawl kumpi gam thum vei va sim (1824, 1852, 1885kum) in amasa leh anihna a sim khitteh tu aa Karente’ ten na gam khempeuh lakhin zo uh hi. Tua hun panin Mangkangte’ ukna nuai ah a om uh hi a, Kawlkumpi gam alak khitteh Kawlmite tawh aki bangin ukna khat nuai ah uk khawm hi. A thuman, acihtak minamte ahih manin Mangkang kumpi in kumpi nasem ding, galkap ding, police dingin zanguh ahih manin a thutheihna, apilna zong manlang takin khangto hi. Tua hunin Sangmang Judson leh sangmang tuamtuamte hangin zong a pilna a thumuhna tampi khang hi dingin kiciam teh hi. Belpawl gam sunga teng minam khempeuh lak panin apil asiam masate na hi uh a, suahtakna ngah khit teh kumpi galkap zalian khempeuh zong Karen mite ahi hi. Belpawl Gam I Commander in Chief masa pen Smith Dun, Chief of Army Staff masa pen Saw Kyar Doe, Chief of Air Staff masapen Saw Shi Sho hi in, Chief of Navy bel Kawlmite Khin Maung Bo hi in, hih mun sangpen 4 lakah 3 pen Karen te hi mawk hi. Hih panmun te en leng, tua hunin Karente bangzah in pil leh thahat ding cih kimu thei hi
.Karen mite’ gam leh minam vai aki patna
1881kum in Karen National Association (KNA – Dawkalu) cih khat, a mipil masa te in na phuan uh a, minam leh mipihte’ biakna vai leh pilna lam khantohna ding cihte a van ding ngimna hipi pen hi. Damdam in hun pai toto a, minam vai gamvaite zong akisam bangin sep kipan toto uh hi. 1928kum in amakai Dr. San C Po in “Burma and The Karens” cih laibu khat at in, tua sungah Karente in gam leh mun atuam in neih ding, minam vai ah khawnlawh ding cih tawsawn na hi in, Karen minam sungah khanlawhna piangsak in Karente tawh kisai thu a laibu in Manglai tawh aki at masa zong ahih manin minam dangte in zong hih laibu lim sim mahmah uh hi. 1930kum khit lam ciangin Minam lianpi khat ahih hangin gam leh leitang kician anei nailo ahihna phawk thak uh in, tua hun laitak in zong pilna siamna nei khangthak minam it tampi na om ta hi. Japan gal abeikhit 1945kum teh Mangkangte in Kawlgam alakkik hun ciangin minam vai veina nasia mahmah ahih manin kipawlna tuamtuam kiphuan thak in gam leh minam vai vive angimna bulpi pen ahi hi. Kipawlna minthang te in, Karen Central Organization (KCO), Karen Youth Organization (KYO), leh 1881kum a kiphuan KNA pen Buddhist Karen National Association (BKNA) ci in, Christian Karen te in amin luimah lensuak in KNA ci bangin minam it kipawlna tuamtuam na kipan hi.
Kawlmite leh Karen mite kikal buaina, tualthahna
General Aung San leh alawmte (Thirty Comrades) leh Japan galkapte in Mangkangte’ ukna nuai aa om ahi Kawlgam la dingin kipan uh a, 1941 26th December in Burma Independence Army (BIA) phuan in Kawlgam sung lut uh hi. 1942kum kipat lam teh damdam in Kawlgam sungah lut uh hi. Mangkangte’ khutnuai ah citak takin na a sem ahi British te’ galkap Karen minam te tawh kikap in ki talsik uh hi. Japante leh Britishte’ kido na pen Kawl mite leh Karen mite’ kido na suak hiau hi. Japante’ thahat laitak ahih manin British te India lam ah galtai uh hi (Zomi tampi tak zong British galkap ahihna tawh hih kikapna ah kihel uh hi). British galkap asem Karenmi tampi mah India lamah galtai in, kician takin a nungkin theih uh hangin, India lamah a zuilo Karen galkap tampi takte in makai neilo, palang in aneih uh athau leh galvan tetawh amau tawh akinai penna Karen khua, amipih te kiangah bel uh hi.
BIA te zong hoihtak ki makaihna omlo ahih mainin a ut bang tekin om leh gamta uh hi. BIA te, Karen mite tenna khuasung alut ciangin Karen mi thautawi te tawh kikap pah hi. Bangmah theilo Karen mi numei naupang tampi tak zong, hih British galkap Karen mite paulap in bawlsia, a khua bupbup in haltum sak uh in tatsia mahmah uh hi. Kawlgam a lutna lampi dung pen Karente’ tamna khuate na hi kha ahih manin Karen mite tawh abuai hi in, Zomite or Kachin mite omna khuate nawkkha hi zenzen leh zong tua bangmah hikha thei ding hi. BIA te in Karen galkap khempeuh tungah athau te a apkik na dingin anget uh hangin Karen galkapte in pialo uh hi. BIA te in Karen te leh Japan galkapte zong sutuah lai uh hi. Gal hun ma in Mangkang kumpi’ ukna ah panmun zalianpi anei ahi Saw Peter te innkuan zong BIA te in cikzethuai takin that uh hi. BIA te mah bangin Karen mi thautawi te in zong amau thahatna ah Kawlmi te bawlsia in minam nih kikal ah tual thahna kipan ta hi. Hih minam nih tegel bangzah takin kimuhdah hiam cih leh “Kawlmite tawh vantung gam ah om khop sangin Hell gam ka ut zaw hi” cih dongin Karen mite in gen uh hi.
Hih vai ah kua man kua khial cih pen agen hak thu himah ta leh, suahtakna ngahkhit in Belpawl gam I Prime Minister masapen U Nu genna tungtawn in tampi ngaihsut ding om kha ding hi. Ama genna ah “Karen mite tawh ka neulai panin ka khangkhia khawm a, amau’ dan a mau’ zia katel mahmah hi. Ka lawm-it teng zong Karente vive mah hi in, minam khat leh khat kikal buaina ki muhdahna a om lam ka thei ngeikei hi. Karen mite’ pianzia limlim pen, alungduai a migi leh anun nem mite hi in, a cihtak a muanhuai te ahi hi. Kawlmite (U Nu zong Kawlmi) ahih leh, a pianzia limlim ah a phenphi, a genhak leh lungism kikhel ziauziau minam ahi hi” ci in aki lamdanna siangtakin ama muhna na gen hi. Tua bek hi lo in “Mangkangte in Kawlte a uk sungin, akiciamteh ahi guktatna, mithahna leh phengtatna te en leng, Karen mite om khollo in, Kawlmite vive ahihna zong kimu thei hi” ci in ama laibu at Saturday’s Son sungah gelh hi. Mangkang kumpi in a galkap dingin Kawlmite a zat vetlohna zong Kawlmite’ pianzia tellua uh ahi hang hikha ding hi. Kua zaw a val hi ding hiam cih laisim mimal i khensat dingin koih ni.
Karen National Union (KNU)
1920kum khit lam teh Karen mite sungah gam vai khanlawhna lianpi na om in khangthakte in damdam in gamtuam ki ukna tuam neih dingin na hanciam uh hi. 1942kum Japante alut khit zawhin Kawlmite tawh ki ukna khat nuaiah om ding, Kawlte’ ukna nuai ah om ding cihte pen ahi thei nawn vetlo suak hi. Galpi nihna khitteh General Aung San makai a, 1947kum in Aung San-Atlee Thukimna suaikai uh a, Kawlzang gam leh Mualtung gamte (Shan, Kachin, Zomi) in Mangkangte’ tungpan in suahtakna lakkhop dingin vaihawm uh hi. Aung San-Atlee Thukimna a bawl lai un Karen makaite tawh bangmah thu kikumlo, London ah thukimna abawl in zong Karente tangmi dingin kuamah samlo bekthamlo in hih athukimna sungah Karen minamte’ deihna leh a nget tawntung ahi Karen gam atuam in neih ding leh Karen minam vai genna kikupna nei vetlo hi (Rakhine leh Monte vai zong kikum lo, Mualtung mite tawh zong ki kumlo le thukimna kician om lian nailo pi in suaktakna lakhawm nung ci-in General Aung San in ama thu in Mangkangte tung gen). Hih teng hangin 1947 kum February 5-7 sungin Karen Central Organization (KCO), Karen Natioanl Association (Buddish leh Christian–Dawkalu), Karen Youth Organization (KYO) tengin khawmpi khat nei thei uh a, tua pan in Karen Nation Union (KNU) na phuan khia uh a, Karen mite’ vai (Karen’s Interest) khempeuh a vaihawm dingin vaipuak kipia pah hi. Aung San-Atlee Thukimna a deihlohna, Mualtung mite mah bangin Karen mite in zong thuneihna leh gam thak a ngahna dingin ngen uh hi. Tua hun laitak (1947kum) in gam uk kumpi sungah Tanupi (Minister) panmun nih lenkha uh a, tua panmun panin zong KNU’ thukhensatna tawh Tanupi pan a khawlna dingin thu pia uh hi.
Karen mite’ Kumpi lehdo kipatna
1947kum dong, Mangkangte uk sungin Karente in amau deihna ngahzo lo uh hi. Karen makaite leh Kawlmi makaite in a deihna uh kikum in ki thukimna ngahzolo uh hi. A diakin Karente’ deih ahi Karen gam I a huamna (a zaina) pen Kawl makaite in sang zolo uh hi. A ngetna gam pen lianlua mahmah a, tulaitak a Tanintharyi Region, Mon leh Karen State, Irrawaday Delta, Pegu , Taunggo leh Insein cihdan in mun leh gamte ngen uh a, tua munteng pen Belpawl gam I seh 3 suah seh 1 bang lian hi. Karente’ ngetna gam khempeuh piak ding pen Kawlmi makaite in sang zolo uh hi. Tua kawmkal ah KYO makaite leh KNU makaite in Aung San-Atlee thukimna tungtawn a aki bawl ahi Thukhun Bawl ding Tangmi (Constituent Assembly) ah kihel/lo ding vaitawh ngaihsutna kituak lo hi. KYO in kihel ding, suahtakna ngahkhit kumpi zalian lam ah zong lut ding, tua panmunte
bulphuh in a deihna uh la ding cih amau deihna hi.
Kawlmi makaite leh KNU te in kiho ki thukimna ngah zolo in buaina khauhpai semsem hi. 1947, 16th April in KNU makaihna tawh Karen National Defence Organization (KNDO) cih thautawi kipawlna pi khat kipan khia uh hi. Hih KNDO sungah British galkap lui Karente tampi kihel ahih manin gal zong siam thei mahmah uh hi. Hih hun pan kipan in KNU leh KYO zong a tuamtuak in akikhen hita hi.
Insein Galmai kipatna
1948kum sung tengin adang thautawi (Communist, PVO, MNDO) tuamtuam in kumpi lehdo kipan in gam sung a buai mahmah laitak in Karen makaite leh Belpawl Gam makaite in Karente’ vai kikum in thukimna aneih zawh nangin nakpi takin hanciam uh hi. Sabuai tungah thukikupna tawh thukimna ngah zo mahmah lo ahih man leh, adiakin KNU makaite in zong a thautawi KNDO te thuzawh nawnlo mawk ahih manin 1949kum, January in buaina pen dalzawh ding hinawnlo in kipan ziahziah ta hi. 1949 25th January teh Irrawady Region lam adiak in Bassein leh Myaugmya ah kipan in KNDO, Union Military Police (UMP) a sem Karen mite leh Belpawl kumpi galkap ahi Karen Rifles Battalion (1&2&3) te kigawm in Belpawl Kumpi tutna sut dingin kipan ta uh hi.
1949, 31st January ni in KNDO te in Yangon khuapi gei kumpi innpan 15-20 miles khawngbek agamlatna Insein leh akim aa khua teng la uh a, Belpawl Kumpi’ dinmun pen a sawt lo in KNDO te khutsung atung thei ding dinmun ahi hi. Tua hun pan kipan in Kawlgam mun tuamtuam, atam zaw pen singnuai mite’ khutsung ah om hi. Belpawl gam I khuapi te a hi Mandalay leh Shante khuapi Tawnggyi bang zong singnuai mite khutsung tung ahih manin bangzah in tualgal nasia leh singnuai mite thahat cih pen kimu thei hi. Gam tuamtuam thu ki zakna media te bangin Belpawl Kumpi pen Yangon kumpi cita uh hi, Yangon bek ah ukna nei hi aci nuam ahi hi. Tua nangawn a khua khung pan KNDO in a la dingin kipanpan ta uh ahih manin Belpawl Gam a dingin anak lauhuai mahmah dinmun ahi hi.
Insein ah KNDO te a nawk pipen Zomi galkapte’ apiankhiatna
Hih Insein galmai ah amapang, tangthu ah aki mangngilh ngeilo ding Zomi galkapte’ apian khiatna thu anuai aa bangin atom in ki muthei hi.
Zomite in 1917 kum in Piantit ah Labour Corp dingin pai a, tua panin galkap lam ah na lim lut mahmah hi.1921kum in Mangkang kumpi in No.4 Chin Riffles Batalltion na phuan in Zogam sunga om minam leh pau tuamtuam teng kigawm khawm hi. 1923 kum ciangin No.4 Chin Rifles phiat in Tedim uk sung leh Zogam leitaw lam gampan aa teng gawm in No.1 Burma Rifles, Hakha uk sung pan aa teng No.2 Burma Rifles leh Falam uk sung pan aa teng No.3 Burma Rifles ci in na kilam thak hi. Galpi nihna abei ciangin 1945kum Kandy Thukimna tungtawn in khatvei galkap paizia puahpha leuleu-a Hakha, Falam leh Zogam leitaw lampan aa teng No.1 Chin Rifles Batallion, Tedim uk sung aa teng No.2 Chin Rifles Batallion leh Zogam aom khempeuh kigawm leh Gurkha te tampi mah aki hel Chin Hill Batallion ci in (1949kum teh No. 3 Chin Rifles in amin laih) in battalion pi thum in kikhen hi. No.2 Burma Rifles Batallion ah zong Company khatpen Zomite mah hi in, koi lampan ate hiam cih ciaptehna kician om lianlo hi. Tualgual a khauhpai sungmah in Belpawl kumpi galkap Battlion behlap uh a, No.4 Chin Rifles ci in Tedim lampan aa te atamzaw kihel in, minam tuamtuam kigawm ngeingai hi. (Hih No.4 Chin Rifles te’ thu ciaptehna kician tam om hetlo ahih manin nakpi takin kanhuai kik mahmah hi.)
Insein galmai kikapna leh Zomi galkapte mapan na
Amasa lam a gensa mah bangin Zomi galkap pen No.1 Chin Rifles Battalion- Commander Lt.Col Hrang Thio, No.2 Chin Rifles Battalion-Commander Lt.Col Son Kho Pau, Chin Hill Battalion-Commander Lt.Col Lian Chin Zam, leh No.2 Burma Rifles ah Zomi galkapte Company khat hi in, akigawm Battalion 3 leh Company 1 ahi hi. 1949kum 31st January, KNDO in Insein khua alak ciangin Yangon khua gei mah ahi Mingalardon ah a om No.1 Chin Rifles in Insein galmai na do masa hi. No.2 Burma Rifles te’ Commander pa pen galsung ah asih ciangin amite palang mangin Zomite Company ahih leh No.1 Chin Rifles tetawh kigawm in Insein gal do uh hi. Insein galmai akipat cil in No.2 Kachin Rifles te in No.1 Chin Rifles tawh pangkhawm uh hi. 1949kum March kha kipat lam, Insein galmai a nasiat semsem ciangin Mon gam lam ah vaipuak anei No.2 Chin Rifles Battalion zong Insein galmai ah kipuak in No.2 Kachin Rifles te Mon gam lam ah kipuak kik-a a panmun kikhek uh hi. Hangsan mahmah leh galsiam bek thamlo in muanhuai mahmah uh ahih manin athupipen galmai leh a lauhuai pen galmai ah Zomi galkap te in mapangpi dingin vaipuak kipia hi. No 1&2 Chin Rifles Battalion tetawh, No.2 Burma Rifles pan Company khat (Zomite mah), No.3 Burma Riffles pan Company khat, No.5 Burma Rifles pan Company khat , leh Union Military Police (UMP) pawlkhat tawh amauteng in KNDO te na do uh hi. Chin Rifles Battalion pen a bulpi pen hi in, a dang tengin in zong KNDO te amunmun panin bawhhuan ngeingai uh hi.
Insein pen KNU leh KNDO te in phualpi dingin nei ahih manin thahat mahmah leh lungtang phatakin panmun nala uh hi. Hih kido na sungah U-Set-Kain-Kyaung, Saw-bua-gyi-Gone, Point 112, Min-da-ma-Gone cih galmaite pen lauhuai leh nasia mahmah hi. A langnih in galkap tampi si in liam uh hi. A tawpna ah KNDO in gallel in 1949, 22nd May in Insein panin nungkik ta uh a, Insein galmai pen kha 3 leh ni 22 sawt hi. Hih Insein gal sungin Zomite a si leh aliam 300 val bangin kiciamteh ahih manin Batalion khat dektak bang himawk hi (Kandy thukimna ah galkap 5400, Battalion 15 = Battalion khat ah 350-400 kim). A nuntakna apia lakah amin thang penpen in No.1 Chin Rifles te Commander Lt.Col Hrang Thio hi in hih galsung pan angah liamna mah tawh anuntakna beilawh hi.
Zomite’ cihtakna leh galhang na
1949 kum in gal le sa akhauh paina ahi Yangon kim ah Brigader ahi Col. Kyaw Zaw in “Hih Insein gal pen mundang galmai tetawh kibang hetlo hi. A hang thu 3 om hi. (1) Hoih takin gal pandan (Defence) asiam galte tawh kido na ah Belpawl kumpi galkapte in tuahna tawh theihna (Experience) kinei lo hi. (2) KNDO te pen British kumpi galkap sungpan a khangkhia vive ahih man in galsiam thei mahmah uh hi. (3) Minam itna a khauhpai mahmah laitak ahih manin lungtang pha thei mahmah uh hi” ci in ama tangthu sungah ciamteh hi. Hih zah a akhauhpai galte a zawhna a genna ah “Zomite hangsandan pen alamdang mahmah hi, galsiam in citak thei mahmah uh hi” ci in ciamteh hi. Bo Taik Chon (Aung San Thuriya) in zong “Burma Rifles te KNDO tawh akikap ciangin galte en neukha hiding hiam a va lutgawp uh leh, KNDO te in na kap huan ahih manin khatvei bang No.5 Burma Rifles Company khat bup phial a si leh aliam in bei mang hi” ci in Kawlmite galsiam lohna na gen hi. Amah mah in “Kei leh ka lawmte 5 in, galte lam ah damdam in kakikhin uh a, amau’ kigin loh laitak takin galte’ phual kalut sim thei uh hi. Tua mun aa om galteng khempeuh phial kakap lum zo uh hi“ ci in ama tangthu sungah gen hi. Zomi galkapte’ hangsan leh galsiam ahih manin Insein khuapan in KNDO te nawtkhia in Belpawl kumpi ahonkhia zo ahihna kimu thei hi.
Hih Insein gal sungin No.1 Chin Riffles pan in Lieutenant Taik Chon (Matupi lamte) leh No.5 Burma Riffles panin Major Hla Thawng (Kawlmi) in galhang pahtawina ah asang pen Aung San Thuriya Cross ngah hi( Tuni ciang dong mi 6 in ngah pan). Bek thamlo in Zomi sungpan in, Belpawl gam galhang pahtawina a sangpen nihna Thiha Thura Cross zong No.1 Chin Rifles panin Second Leiutenant Ca Thuan (Falam te) khat in ngah a, a sangpen thumna Thura Cross pen mimal 16 bangin ngah ahih manin, hih Insein gal bang zahtakin nasia leh Zomi galkapte in bangzah takin mapang uh hiam cih pen hih pahtawinate hangin kimu thei hi.
Galmai dangah mapang Chin Hill Battalion – Anti Tank Regiment
Mangkangte in Zogam alak cil in Gurkha leh Vaite, Burma Military Police dingin zang uh a, Zomite amuanhuaina amuh ciangin Zogam sungah daihna bitna aom na dingin Zomite zong damdam in amau nasem dingin la in Vaite leh Gurkhate tawh damdam in laih hi. Galpi nihna sungin Burma Frontier Force ci-in amin laih hi. Galpi nihna sungin Bristishtehoihtakin panpih uh a, galpi nihna khit ciangin thaupi galvan lianpi te alen Battalion (Anti Tank Regiment) in kikoih ahih mani Chin Hill Battalion-Anti Tank Regiment suak hi. Galkap teng khempeuh lak ah amau Battalion bekin hih bang thau lianpi nei uh in, Mangkangte aciah khitteh aneih uh thaupi tengpen hih Batllion tungah ap ahih manin a vaipuak leh a panmun uh pen thupi mahmah hi. Commander pen Lt.Col Lian Chin Zam hi in, Kawlgam laizang Myeithtilar khua phualpi in nei hi.
Kawlgam a laizang lamah Karente leh Communist te tawh kinawk ki do uh hi. Amin thang diak ah, KNDO te, Communist te leh No.1 Kachin Rifles pan pawlkhat kigawm in 1949 April kha sungin Yangon la dingin Kawlgam laizang lampan in a kuansuk uh a, “1949 kum 1st May in Yangon kala ding uh hi” ci in tangko uh hi. Yangon pan 50-60miles khawngbek a gamlatna Pegu leh Daik-U kikal ah nakpi takin kikap uh hi. Hih munah Chin Hill Battalion, No.6 Burma Rifles pan Company nih leh Gurkha galkapte (No.4 Burma Regiment)in pang huan uh a, kikapna nasia lua ahih manin a si aliam tam mahmah hi. Singnuai mite’ ngimna tangtun zolo in guallel uh a Taunggo khua ah nungkik kik uh hi.
Belpawl Kumpi galkap (Chin Hill Battallion leh Burma Rifles) pan in asi aliam mimal 225 bang hi dingin kiciam teh hi.
Gen kizom in hih mun ah Chin Hill Battalion te bangzahin Belpawl gam aa dingin thupi cih akilatna khat sutsuk pak ni. Zomite leh Kawlmite in galte ado khawm laitakin galkap nautangte kitot kiselna nei kha hih tuak hi. Kawlmi galkap pa in “hih Karen te kazawh khitteh no Zomite kong kap ding uh hi” ci kha dan hi. Tua thu Commander Lt.Col. Lian Chin Zam in a zak ciangin hehlua in a aneih thaupi tengtawh Yangon lam kap dingin amite kiging sak hi, ci-in a ciamteh om in, U Nu (Prime Minister) pa’ ciamtehna ah bel, a Battalion bupin Zogam lam ciah dingin vaihawm hi ci in ciamteh hi. Hih thu U Nu in azak ciangin a sun a zan cilo-in Lt.Col Lian Chin Zam akho dingin Zogam Paliamentry Secretary Pu Capt. Mang Tung Nung tawh va delh uh hi. Galmai ah vanleng tual omlo ahih manin Mangkangte’ hun lai aa a zat vanleng tual alui akipuah nawnlo khat ah lauhuai mah taleh tuak suk veve uh hi. Tua mun ah Lt.Col Lian Chin Zam tawh va kimu in va kho thei hi. Lt.Col Lian Chin Zam zong Prime Minister pa’ deihna bangin alungsim khiamkik in galte dosuak dingin alungsim khel ahih manin Prime Minister pa nuamlua ahih manin Chin Hill Battalion te sum 5000 letsong pia hi. U Nu in tua bangin Zomite atuamin letsong apiakpen khial kisa mahmah hi. Bang hanghiam cih leh Burma Rifles (Kawlmi) te leh Gurkha galkapte , gal ado veve Zomite in letsong ngah in amau ngahloh ahih manin Prime Minister pa tungah heh uh hi. U Nu aa dingin niangtui a piak uh teh, Hai (niangtui hai) a hekpi tawh pia uh hi, ci in U Nu in ama tangthu bu a atna ah genkik hi. Gal hunsungin Zomi galkapte mapanna in Belpawl gam aa dingin bangzah in thupi cih kilang sak mahmah hi.
Galmai adangte leh Belpawl kumpi galkap Battalion a dangte
No. 1 Burma Rifles te in 1948kum July, August kha pawlin amau phualsatna Tayet khuapan in Yangon la dingin, kumpi tutna suan ding, amau kumpi a sem dingin kipan uh hi. Lampi pan in No.4 Burma Rifles tetawh kikap in a ngimna ahi Yangon la zolo uh hi.
No. 2 Burma Rifles te (Karen Company 2, Chin Company 1 leh Kachin Company 1) ahih leh Kawlgam alaizang lamah panmun la uh hi. Communist tawh kido uh in, a Commander pa kikapna ah si ahih manin kikhen thang mang uh a, tua sungpan Chin Company in Insein galmai ah No.1 Chin Rifles Battalion tekiang na tung hi.
No. 3 Burma Rifles te ahih leh 1948kum July kha pawlin khen nih suakin a Commander pa makai in kumpi lehdo uh a, a Second in Commander pa makaih galkapte ahih leh kumpi tungah citak takin galte do uh hi. Pyay khuapi alak khitteh Yangon la dingin akuansuk No.2 Karen Rifles Battalion te Wetkaw Bridge acihna pan na nawtkik zo uh hi. No.3 Burma Rifles te nasepna pen minthang mahmah hi. Company 2 khawng bektawh Karen Battalion khat bang na zo mawk uh hi. Hih Karen te bang Insein aa KNDO tawh kigawm kha zenzen leh tangthu zong aki lumlet zo thei ding dinmun ahi hi.Hih No.3 Burma Rifles pan Company khat mahin Insein galmai ah Zomi galkapte tawh ma pang uh hi.
No. 4 Burma Rifles pen tangthu ah ki tam zak kha pen hi. Thu dang hang hilo in Kandy Thukimna pan aki lamthak Burma Army ah Lt.Col Ne Win (General Ne Win) in Commander asepna Battalion ahih man hi. Hih No.4 Burma Rifles te in Irrawady Delta sungteng ah KNDO te tawh kinawt uh hi.
No.5 Burma Rifles te in Rakhine gam ah thautawi Mujahids te do uh hi. A Company khat in Insein ah Chin Rifles tawh mapang khawm uh hi. Galhang thei mahmah uh a, a makai Major Hla Thawng in sihlawh in, a Company bup phial asi aliam tawh beimang uh hi.
No. 6 Burma Rifles te in Kawlgam a laizang lamteng vaipuak la uh hi. A tunga ih cihsa mah bangin Chin Hill Battalion tawh mapang khawm uh hi. Kawlgam alaizang pen Communist te leh PVO te thahat mahmah na mun hi in, mimal thatang in galte tamzaw leh hatzaw tham uh hi. A hih hangin hih Communist te leh PVO singnuai mite ki makaih zia, Kumpi galkap zahin kician lo ahih manin a guallel uh hi a, Kumpi galkapte in hoihtak ki uk in mapang ahih manin a gualzo suak zaw hi.
No.4 Burma Regiment te pen Gurkha mite vive hi in, gal hang thei mahmah uh hi. Amau pen akisap na munmun ah kipuak kawikawi hi. Tua bek hi lo in, akisam bangin khua leh mun thupite hungin cihtak takin amau panmun ciatah luangkham in mapang uh hi.
No. (1&2&3) Karen Rifles Battalion khempeuh in kumpi lehdo in KNDO tetawh kipawl uh hi. Hih Karen singnuai mi khempeuh in amau Karen mite tenna khempeuh laksawm uh hi. Hih bangin Karen minam khempeuh in kumpi a lehdo ciangin tua laitak kumpi galkap ah a zalian pen Commander in Chief ahi Karen minam General Smith Dun leh a dangteng khempeuh zong ki muangzo nawnlo ahih manin ki khawlsak mang hi.
No.1 Kachin Rifles Battalion pan in amakai khat ahi Bo Naw Seng makai in kumpi lehdo uh a, a dangteng in kumpi panpih in Kawlgam a laizang lamteng ah panmun la uh hi. Hih Bo Naw Seng’ makaih Kachin galkapte in KNDO tawh kipawl in Maymyo khua leh Shan gam ah khua thupi honkhat la uh hi. Tua bek thamlo in KNDO tawh pangkhawm in 1st May, 1949 in Yangon alaksawm te ahi hi.
No.2 Kachin Rifles Battalion te in KNDO te thahatna Mawlmein leh Thahton sungteng ah vaipuak la in, KNDO tawh kinawk uh hi. Tua kuamteng ah KNDO leh MNDO te zong thakhauh mahmah veve ahih manin a lauhuai galmai te mah in kiciam teh hi.
Tua bangin Belpawl Gam bup phial (Zogam leh Kachin simloh) pen a diak in Communist, PVO leh KNDO, hih teng kizel in mun khempeuh phial pen 1948-1949kum sung, amau khutsung ah om hi. 1949kum beikuan lam ciangin damdam in singnuai mite thanem semsem ta uh hi. Ki thutuak leh kician takin kipawl khawmin kumpi lehdo khawmlo ahih manin a ngimna uh a tangtung lo zong ahi hi. Tua hun mah in Belpawl Kumpi galkapte zong damdam in thahat semsem in, hoihtakin aki makaih bek thamlo in, Mualmite, Gurkhate leh a om sunsun Kawlmite hangsan takin a mapanna hangin Kumpi galkap in a gualzo ahi hi.
Belpawl Gam tungah a citak Mualtung mite
Suahtakna ngahkhit, tualgal a nasiat mahmah laitak in Panlong Thukimna tungtawn in Belpawl Gam a phutkhia ahi Mualtung mite in, a phuh uh Belpawl Gam tungah citak takin na cing na kem uh hi. Galpi nihna khit Kandy Thukimna pan a kipan thak Burma Rifles (Kawlmite) te nangawn in kumpi alehdo uh hi. Suahtakna ngahna ding a vaihawmpi leh na lianpi a sem khatmah ahi Communist te, General Aung San te tawh khut kilen in gam a dingin na a semkhawm hi napi in, suahtakna ngahkhit the Belpawl Kumpite na lehdo veve hi. Kandy Thukimna hangin BNA pan-a galkapte, akiphuan thak Burma Army sungah alut khalo teng, General Aung San in kaikhawm in a makaih PVO nangawn in kumpi lehdo veve uh hi. Karente in kumpi a lehdo bel ahi dingmah hi cih ding ahi hi.
Hih bangin a Kawlmite mahin kumpi lehdo in a so ngeingai laitak in Mualtung mite in citak takin aluangkham in Belpawl Gam na hung uh h. Hih thu tawh kisai tua hun laitak in Prime Minister ahi U Nu tawh kimu dingin Shan, Kachin leh Zomi makaite va pai uh hi. A kimuh phetin amau teng tangin Shan Council panin a Chairman Saw Khun Cho in U Nu kiangah, “Ih gam dinmun pen suksia mahmah ta mawk hi. Yangon khuasung nangawn a muanhuai nawnlo dinmun hi in Kumpi pa leh gam makaite zong kituah akul leh Yangon pan kituah huai thei ding hi. Hih bangin vaihawmna na neihleh ko zong hong theisak hamtang in. Kawlzang ah galte I do zawh kei leh Kaya gam pan do ding hi hang. Kaya gampan in I lelh leh Shan gampan do ding hihang. Shan gam pan I lelh lailai leh Kachin gam pan do ding hi hang. Tua pan I lelh zenzen khak leh Zogam pan do ding hi hang. A kisam ding thauvai thautang ding nang hong vaihawm dih in. Galte maiah khuk din lo ding hi hang. Ko Mualtung mite in Belpawl Gam leh Kumpi tungah kamciam ka pel ngeikei ding uh hi” ci in gen hi.
Gam sung khimkhua a zin mahmah laitak, U Nu’ makaih Belpawl kumpi makaite in a it a muan tengin a langpang laitak leh belh ding a neihloh laitak hun ahi hi. Mualtung mi makaite’ tungpan tua bang kammal a zak ciangin U Nu in thangah lua mahmah hi. Hih Mualtung mite pen akisap mahmah hun laitakin citak takin hong dinpih lawmhoih taktak hi, ci in a lungsim ah ngaihsun aa, lungdam lua in a nehno tha bang suak gawp hi. A khitui a tak khak loh nangin kidawm kawm sa in “Ka lungdam lua mahmah hi, ka lungsim zong hong sukha lua mahmah hi” acih kawmin pau theinawnlo phial in minutes 2 sung bang hici om uh hi, ci in U Nu in ama tangthu bu sungah ciamteh hi. Hih Mualtung mite leh Belpawl kumpi te in a suakthak a moilai mahmah Belpawl gam a dingin ciam pello in khut kilen a mapanna te ki mu thei hi.
Lungleng huai leh a ngaihsut huai thu
(1) Tua laitak in Karen mite tawh kitalsik ding vai aom ciangin No.2 Chin Rifles Batallion a commnader masa leh Zomi sungah Colenel ngah masate Col. Dal Za Kam makai in galkap ulian Lt.Col Hrang Thio leh Lt.Col Son Khua Pau tawh Belpawl Gam I galvailam zumpi ah va pai in, hih Karen tawh kikap na dingah Zomite in Karente tawh kikap lo in mun dangah vaipuak apiak nangin ngen uh hi. Hih KNDO tawh buaina pen Kawlmi leh Karen mite minam kikal ki muhdahna hang hi ci in Kawlmi leh Karen kikal ah kuama lam ah dinglo in alaiah aom nangin ngen uh hi. Ahih hangin angetna ngahlo bek thamlo in amah zong mundang ah kipuak in a sawt lo in Pension kipia ziau hi. Hih mun ah, Zomi makaite in lungsim siantho lua in Kawlte’ cih bangbang mang uh hi cih pen amanlohna lak hi. Pilvai takin ava gen uh pen Belpawl Gam makaiten na mang zolo ahih man, Zomi galkapte lo in hitheilo cih thei ahih man leh Belpawl tungah a cihtak tintenna hangin a kipia vaipuak a sem ahi hi.
(2) 1949kum beikuan lam ciangin Lt.Col Lian Chin Zam’ makaih Chin Hill Battalion (Chin Hill Battalion-Anti Tank Regiment) pan in No.3 Chin Rifles Battlion in laih hi. Hih bangin alaih pen amin bek alaih dingtawh aki bat hangin a thuneihna zong alaih ahih gige na kimu thei hi. Rifles Battalion in Anti Tank thaupi te len hetlo ding ahih manin Mualtung mite khut sungpan a thuneihna, a za neihna a suhkhiatsak hi kici thei hi. 1952kum pawl pan in damdam in Minam min pua Battalion sungah, a Commander leh galkap nautang te kihelh zau sak mangin 1956kum bang teh Zomite Battalion khat ah Zomi taktak 20-30 bek om ta hi ci in Col. Khen Za Mong in ciamteh hi. Tua kum mahin Belpawl kumpi galkap sung paizia , mun leh za neiha te khek uh hi. 1948kum in minam dang Karen minam pen Belpawl Gam galkap makaipi 10 lak ah 5 bang hi in, ahih hangin 1956kum taktak teh galkap makaipi khempeuh pen Kawlmite vive hita hi. Tualgal sung citak takin a mapang Zomite khat zong akihel loh pen thu lamdang mahmah leh a ngaihsut huai mahmah ahi hi.
(3) A diakin 1988 khit lamteh, Mualtung mite leh Thu-um mite in Galkap sung bek ah ahi lo, apua lam ki ukna te ah zong Mualtung mite in panmun thupi lua ngahzo nawnlo uh hi. Pilna siamna in cinlo maw, ahkl Kawlmite in panmun a ngah theihlohna dingin dal cip hi zaw ding hiam cih ngaihsut huai hi. A kician mahmah ah Mualtung mi khempeuh, Kawl biakna, Kawl ngeina, Kawlmi vive suah gai ding cih a minampi lungsim (ahoihlo lam) hipen ahi hi.
(4) Zomite’ tha tawh Yangon kumpi (Belpawl Kumpi) ahunkhia zo uh ahi hi. Zomite pen Belpawl gam, amau inntek amau phuhsa gam tungah citak leh anuntakna piakhia in a gam hung uh hi. Zomite leh Karen minamte kikal ah kimuhdahna kihuatna aom hilo in khat in a gam tungah ciam pello, khat in a gam a dingin amanawt , hih minam nih tegel aki do kha ahi hi. Tua ahih manin Zomite in Karen mite pen “Dekte” cih huai lo in, Karen mite in zong Zomite tung akhasiat loh ding ahi hi.
(5) Tangthu te kan in theihtel ding thupi a, tua bek tawh khollo in bangci bangin Zomite leh Mualtung mite in a hihna uh ngah kik ding, a kilawm hamphatna te a ngahkik na dingin hoihtak lungngai in a kalsuan khawmloh phamawh ta ding hi. Belpawl Gam sunga om, a citak leh gam I haksat dongtuah mahmah hun laitak in ciampel hetlo in mapang ahi Mualtung mite aa dingin , 1962kum khit zawh 2016kum in akah thak ahi Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’(State Counselor) makaih National League for Democracy (NLD) kumpi pen amuanhuai pen leh a lamet huaipen hikha ding hi. Hih bangin hunhoih te Mualtung mite leh ukna nei Kawlmite, thunei Galkap makaite in a zatsiam ding thupi mahmah ding hi. Zomite hita leh Mualtung mi khempeuh aki thutuak ding pen thupi pen dinga, Kawl makaite(NLD leh Galkap te) in zong a Belpawl Pih Mualtung mite’ deihna te ki theihmawh bawl lo in a zahtak ding thupi ding a,Belpawl Gam tungah a cihtaknate uh amangngilh loh ding thupi ding hi. Tua hi peuhleh 1947kum, 12th February aa Mualtung mite leh General Aung San kithu tuakin gam thupi, gam thahat khat aa din ding alunggulh nate tangtung zo thei ding hi.
(6) Belpawl Gam tungah, Mualtung mite’ cihtak mahmah uh hi. Ahih hangin mimal tam leh ukna khempeuh tuni ciang dong a lencip Kawlmi makaite’ cihtak lohna tungtawn in, mailam ah Zomite leh Mualtung mite in, gamvai minam vai ah bangci bangin ngimna nei ding, bang ci kalsuan ding, cihte siangtakin a muh ding kisam hi. Thuk kik ding lamsang hi zaw lo in, pilna in lak theih ding thupi mahmah hi. Tua tungtawn in gam leh minam makaite in a mipihte akalsuan pih ding thupi ding hi. Lam tampi om kha ding ahih manin laisim mimal khempeuh in zong hoihtak lungngai pha in na ngaihsutna na lungsim tawngah at inla, nasep zong kipanpah dih in.
(7) Karen mite tua hun lai in a deihna uh hoihtak sungin, kumpi lehdo gawp mang keileh tu laitak adinmun sangin a sangzaw, gtn; State bang alian zaw ngah khathei ding uh hi. A supna dangkhat leh athupi pen ah aki sailo mi tampi in sih lawh lai hi. Amau pianzia migi mahmah himah leh, tua hun lai in a makai ten apaikhialh pih kiau na hangin tangthu ah abei ngeilo ding, minam bup kalsuan khialhna suak hi. A minam kipawlnate zong ki thutuak lo uh sawnsawn uh hi(KNU/KYO).Lamkhat pan in, amipil galkap mangpite leh KNU makai te in pangkhawm liailiai lo uh hi ( General Smith Dun te ). A tawpna ah hih bangin Kawlmite lehdo sawm ahih leh zong Mualtung mite hoihtak zawn in a ngah donguh hanciam leh , gualzo lua veve ding uh hi. Karen mite tuahkhak thute tungtawn in Zomite’ a dingin pilna tampi ngahtheih ding om kha lai ding hi. Laisim mimal kimin zong na ngaihsut beh lai nangin kong zawn hi.
Khup Lian Thang
Ref:
(1) Let We Forget, Col. Khen Za Mong (2) Saturday’ Son, U Nu ( Former Prime Minister ) (3) Saw Ba Oo Gyi leh minam neuter gamvai buaina, Mg. Sin Kyae (4) Kawlgam gamvai etkikna ( 1948-1988 ), U Kyaw Win (5) General Ne Win leh gamvai, Dr. Mg Mg (6) Aung San Thuriya Taik Chon, Tetkatho Sein Tin (7) Zahre Lian of Burma, Dr. Stephen Hre Kio ( 8) Chin Hill Batallion-Anti Tanl Regiment, Salai Van Cung Lian’ article (9) Interview , Pu Major S. Khup Cin Pau
Comment piaknop aomleh...