Khuahunluan le Khangthak te ~ Nok Kam

Khuahunluan le Khangthak te ~ Nok Kam

Hun kikhelkhel, Mihingte khang tangthu sutna tungtawnin hun kikhelzia a nuai-a bangin kigen thei hi.

a) Ak banga phiattawm nek hun

Gam sunga a omsa nate (singgah theipuam) le ganhingte a nitawmin zonga matna tawh nuntak khuasak hun ahi hi. Gilpi khapkhat ading nasepna in ni khat nai thum sung bang zang uh a, hun dangteng pen hunawngin zang uh hi, kici hi. Khuakip tuikip om thei nai loin anteh theipuam omna mun, lonona mun zuana taikawikawi hun ahi hi.

b) Khuasat tuikhuat hun

Gam sunga a zon uh anteh theipuamte pen a cii la-in ciintheih hun hong tungta ahih manin khuasat tuikhuatin tualsung nuntakna tawh khuasak hun ahi hi. Hih hun pen anteh theipuam cin nadingin a kisam hiam (tool) a kizattheih hun hi a, tu (hoe) hong kizang hi. Khawhsa ankhing kham hun zong kici thei hi. Ulenau, behlephung tawh tualsung nuntak a nop mahmah hun ahi hi.

c) Khuapi nuntak hun

Lokhawh singpuakna ah mihing tha bek hi nawn loin ganhingte thatang zanga nasep hun ahi hi. Lokho mite’n nekval takval ding hong neih theih uh ciangin khuapi nuntakna hong kipan hi. Makai thuneihna (kumpi) tawh a kikalsuan hun zong hi ta hi. Vanlei vanzuak hong kipan a, palai (medium of exchange) dingin sum hong kibawlta hi. Ahau aliante thuneihna hong khan hun ahi hi.

d) Set tawh nasep hun

1769 kumin James Watt in tuiso tha zangin set hong bawltheih ciangin leitungah nuntakna tampi hong kilumletta hi. Set nuntakna dingin a kisam tha (fuel) dingin singlesuang, namgim tuite lakna-in leitang hong sia mahmah ta hi. Atam theithei a kithupisak hun hi a, pengpelep bangin tungnun kituh hun ahi hi. Tua hangin sun kimlai-in sanggam melmak hun ahi hi.

e) Khuak tawh nasep hun

Thatang hat thu tawh kimazang nawn loin ngaihsutna tawh kop-a nasep hun ahi hi. Nasepna khempeuh ah sialpi lokuan tawh hi thei nawn lo-a, sial-ek tam tawh zong kikhuangkho zo nawn loin, cihtakna le thumanna tawh a kimanawt hun ahi hi. Khuak tawh nasep hun ahih hangin khuak hoih (mipil) khempeuhte a lungsim hoih khin tuan lo zel ahih manin mipil le mipha a kithuah ding hun ahi hi. Hih a tunga hun khennate pen hun thumin kikhenkik thei hi.

Hun Lui (Premodern)

Hih hun pen tanglai i pipute’ tualsung nuntakzia ahi hi. Ki-it kikhualna tawh nuntak khop hun hi a, kiimlepam (mihing, ganhing le singkung lopa) tawh kithutuak hun ahi hi. Hun sau nuntak nadingin leitang le kiimlepam kithupisak ahih manin kikem kipuaha nuntak a ol hun ahi hi. Tuma, zotu (hoe) zung khat tawh nasep hun hitamah leh ‘’hauta mang pian khua ka ngai lo e,’’ a na cihtheih hun uh ahi hi.

Hun Thak (Modern)

Set tawh nasepna hangin neihlelam khang semsemin, a sang theithei kidem hun ahi hi. A sang nailote in zong san ding bek ngimletup-in nei uh ahih manin a tunglam bek kimit suanta ahih manin anuai lam ki-en man nawn lo hi. Tua hangin,

1) Leitang kinualsuat

I tenna leitang kisia-in tuite niinkhin a, huih siangtho om nawn loin natna tam semsem hi. Khuahun kikhelin haksatna, lauhuaina tuamtuam hong piang hi. Huntom lawhcin nadingin hunsau hamphatnate tanlawh liangin kumpi eklei, lungno zate kizang ahih manin thallam cilsiat bang lel hi.

2) Lokhawh kineu-et

Thadah zualzangna lam kimanawh ta hi. Nu le pa neihsa locing gol pipite kineusek khin, kipei mangkhin ahih manin Penglam’ tu pei a bang tampi ki-omta hi. Tuktun ngeina pen kingak zo nawn loin kiallap (sapa pay) anpal tawh kikhuasa ta hi. Ganbukte zong hawmkhin ta ahih manin lokho mite adingin eklei om nawn lo hi.

3) Khuata kiniammuh

Khuata a innmun logam gol pipite kizuakin khuapi ah innmun neu nono kilei zawta hi. Khuata a om hih pen kimai zumpih a, mite lakah gualnek zo lo liang uh hi. Khuata nun a siamlote pen khuapi nun zong siam tuan lo ding hi. Khuapi le khuata kinuntakpih uh ahihlam kitel nawn lo hi. Mihing nuntakna ah a kisam bulpite pen khuata pana vive ahihlam kimukha nawn lo ta hi.

4) Pilna kiallap lo kici

Ahau alian a mazang mite’ totsa lampi kimuhsak nawn loin a tawlngakna mun bek uh kimuhsak ahih manin, gual engin sum’ nung kizuitek ta hi. Vai khempeuh ah kingak zo nawn loin lamdawt kizuitek ta hi. I bul kiplo ahih manin daupai hun om mah leh zong tuita khan bang zel hi. Hau nuamlua in kisi masa liang hi.

Hun Piandang (Postmodern)

Kizopna kithuzakna manlang lua mahmah ahih manin tu laitak hun pen hun piandang a cithei ihi hi. Teel ding a tam hun hi a, kidop hun zong ahi hi. (A dawp atam hun ahih hangin a lei ding atawm hun zong hithei hi.) Akpi bangin leithak nuamtuam a kinei leithak zonga a kithapaih hun zong hi thei hi. Tua hi a, khuak tawh nasep hun taktak ahi hi. Hunthak le piandang i khentel theihna ding a nuai-a enpak ni.

• Hun thak (Modern) Hun piandang (Postmodern)
• Tangtat hun hi a Kipawlkhop hun ahi hi.
• Thatang kidem hun hi a Thatang gawmkhop hun ahi hi.
• Kihtak neihloh hun hi a Kihtakloh neihloh hun ahi hi.
• Hat hun hi a Pil hun ahi hi.
• Khuapi zuat hun hi a Khua nuam zuat hun ahi hi.
• Khuapi belh hun hi a Khuata puah hun ahi hi.
• Thuneih nop hun hi a Thu neihkhop hun ahi hi.
• Kiniam koih hun hi a Kiniamkhiat hun ahi hi.
• Mite’ hihna pi-et hun hi a Eima hihna pibawl hun ahi hi.
• Mite’ ngeina ciin hun hi a Eima ngeina cin hun ahi hi.
• Neihna (having) thupisak hun hi a Hihna (being) thupisak hun ahi hi.
• Lawhcing ding ut hun hi a Muibun ding lunggulh hun ahi hi.

Khangthakte

Khangthak/khangno i cih kuate hiam. Kum tawh ciangtan dan a tuamtuam om ding hi. Kum 15-35 kikal mite hi a ci om a, 1990 kum pawlin leitung bup mimal phazah i 82.4% pha hi kici hi. UNO in a ciaptehna ah khangno cih pen kum 15-24 kikal mite hi ci uh a, 18% hi-in, naupang 5-14 pen 19.8% hi, ci uh hi. Tua hi a a kitel thu in leitung bup pen khangnote khut sungah om hi cihna ahi hi. Khangnote pen leitung a kikhelsak ding thahatna (global force for change) ahi hi.

Khualetui Pawlpi le gampi hoih nading pen khangnote tungah kinga cihna ahi hi. A beisa kum zalomte sungah a hong makaih khang masa i pipute, nu le pate in leitung pen vutlevai suaksakin, sisan naisan tawh kidimsakkhin uh hi. Khanghamte sangin leitung sawt a luahzaw ding ahi khangnote in a makaih ding hun hita hi.

Khangnote in a puah kei leh a puah ding dang om lo hi. Khualetui, gamlelei, minam i puah nadingin sumlepai khantohna ciang bek tawh hi thei nawn loin, a khuangkho khantohna (sustainable development) hong kisamta hi. A khuangkho khantohna i neihtheih nadingin a kisam pawlkhat om hi: mipha, leitang, thatang, pilna-siamna le sumlepai.

a) Mipha

A beisa kum zalom 20 hun lai-in pilna muhzia nam nihin na kikhenkha ahih manin mipil suah ding bek kithupi ngaihsutin mipha (mihoih) kitawm hi. (John Dewey-misiam, Robert Hutchins-mipha). Mihing pen kipattah akul, kiseek a kisam le kikhal a kisamte ihi hi. Mipha suah nadingin nu le pa, sia (biakna, sang) le khua makaite mapankhop ding a kisam ahi hi. Mipha ding kimlai misia a hong suaksak khangnote gal lian mahmah khat in guihtheih khamtheih ahi hi. Guihtheih khamtheih a hoihlohna tawm enpak le’ng;

• Biakna hong susia
• Minam hong susia (mipil misiamte hong thahsak)
• Ngeina hong palangsak
• Pilna lamsamsak
• Khantohna hong khaktan
• Cidamna hong siasak
• Innkuan hong buaisak
• Meigong le tagah tampite khitui luangsak

Accident tampi piangsak, ahih manin zu in i minam pulnatna hong piangsak taktak ahi hi.

b) Leitang

Bangzah takin khantohna a om zongin mipilpen le mihaipen, mihaupen le mizawngpente in a kibangin a kisapden ding uh na khat in leitang ahi hi. Leitang loin a nungta thei kuamah om lo hi. Leitang tungah teengin a tung pana piang anletui tawh nungta hi napi, kipuah lo ahih manin leitang zong a tha bei-in ni danga a hong piak ngeizah hong pia zo nawn lo hi. Tua hun ciangin hi bang kici zawlai hi: Ka leitang, ka gam uh hoih kei lua, ka gam uh tul lua ta ci-in kitaisan ta hi. Koikoi ah tai zongin leitang puah loin nuntakna om tuan lo ding hi.

Tua hi-a leitungah a lungmuanhuai pen nasep in leitang tawh nasep ahi hi. A khuangkhopen nasep zong leitang puah hi pah hi. Leitang a puah nuam lote pen nu le pa vak nuamlote tawh kibang ding hi. Leitang le a tunga om singkung lopa ganhingte kemin puah leng ”etlawm mualkuam Zogam nuam” i cithei taktakta ding hi. Tuhun pen “an in kham hi”(Food is gold) a kicih hun ahih manin leitang in hong thupi semsem ding hi.

c) Thatang

Khantoh nadingin cidam ding, thahat ding kisam hi. Cidam thahat theih nadingin annek tuidawn thupi mahmah hi. Lei i khem sa in kita ahih manin i nek i dawnte’n hong zawngkhalsak zawsop hi. Anpha i nek theih nadingin ZTC-PED in nisim annek tuidawn lamlak (Diet Menu) kibawl hi. Tua bangin i nek zawh nadingin hanciama sep ding, leitang puah ding ahi hi.

Tua thatangte pen mi tungah sum tawh zuak dingin pammaih lua hi. I thatangte eima mun le tual ah nasepna-in zathuai mahmah hi. I thatangte (asset) gawmkhawm siam le’ng na lianpipi kisem zo dinga, i khua i tui le i gam i lei i tawisang zo semsem ding hi.

d) Pilna-siamna

Tuhun in pilhun siamhun hi. Pilna siam nadingin i bulpi in sanginn ahi hi. Sang pana sin pilna pen i bulpi ding ahih manin vaidang khempeuh sangin a masa penin zon ding sin ding ahi hi. Tua pilna siamna pen sialpi lokuan tawh kingah thei lo hi. Na hoih pen haksa se hi. Deihna lungsim tupna sang tawh zon ding ahi hi. Khuata hihna tawh thanem nading om lo hi. Gamlelei makai picing taktak pen khuata panin kipan zawzel hi.

Pilna siamna i cih ciangin sanginn bek kimitsuan leuleu ahih manin sangkah lo khempeuh in a kingah thei lo ding bangin kingaihsun khial zel hi. I nuntak nadingin a kisam pilna siamna tampi i kiim i pam ah om cih zong khangnote’n theihhuai mahmah hi. Gtn: Nangphan, siamgat, lettama, setpuah le innsung septheih khutsiamna tuamtuamte sinhuai mahmah hi.

e) Sumlepai

Na hauh nopleh hau masa in kici zel hi. A taktakin economist-te genna ah nasep nadingin i kisap masak penpen in i neihloh sum hi lo hi. Sum pen i zawhlohte a hong huh, hong panpih ding sal (servant) hi bek hi. I neihloh sum pen tuni dong i neih nai lohna ahang in i kisap taktak loh man, i kisap masakpen ahih loh man hi cih ding ahi hi.

I kisap taktak pen in sep ding ahi hi. I sep ciangin i kisap taktak leh a hong huh dingin hong pailel ding hi. Tua hi-a khangnote in kipawlkhawmin na i sepkhop-a, i thuman nak leh sumlepai hong om lel ding hi. Sum hong om leh i gam i lei le i minam adingin na lianpi i sem zo zawlai ding hi.

ZYA le a manawh

Mailam Zogam le Zomite a khantoh theih nadingin khangnote (ZYA) in vaipuak lianpi i nei hi. Tua hi-a i khantoh theih nading lunggulhna tawh hih a nuai-a thute ah ZYA in tha sana ma i lak ding thupi ding hi ci-in tha hong cial ka hi hi.

1) Khangnote le Pilna

I minamte in pilna man taktak a ngahtheih nadingin kikumkhawmin mapangkhawm ding. Mipite in a kilekkim thumuhna a neihtheih nadingun lamlak ding. Lai sim minam i suahzawh nadingin hanthawn dinga, lai a sim nading uh laibusal (library) khuakim ah neihzawh nading hanciam ding. Kamkum-khopna (seminar) tuamtuam bawlsak ding.

2) Khangnote le Khantohna

Sum ngahtheihna bek in khantohna ahih loh lamtak theisak ding. Sumtha tawh kipawlkhop zia i siam nading hanciam ding (Credit Union). Aman sumzonziate zong kihilh kipantah-in sumzatzia zong kihilh ding.

3) Khangnote le Kipawlkhopna

Kipawlkhopna pen thuneih nading hi lo-a, thahat nading, nasep nading ahihna thei-in kipawlkhawm siam ding. Kipawlkhopna ah tunglenuai ki-ukna (high organizational system) zang lo dinga, maikim-a kimakaihna(flat organizational system) kizang zaw ding hi. Kipawlna pen local NGO ciang a suahzawh nading hanciam ding.

4) Khangnote le Guihtheih-khamtheih

Mi bawlin kisia lo-a, eima kibawlin i sia hi cih paunak phawkkawmin guihtheih-khamtheih pen i minam gal lianpen khat ahihlam theisakin do ding. Kipawlkhawma i do kei leh mimalin kido zo lo ding hi.

5) Khangnote le Kiimlepam

Mipite sungah kiimlepam tawh kisai thutheihna (ecological awearness) a omtheih nadingin hanciam ding. Hih tawh kisai kipawlna tuamtuam a neikhinsa kipawlnate tawh mapangkhawm ding. Meiphelh committee nei-in gam meikang kham ding, phelh ding. Singno suan hun ciangin singno suan ni ciamtehin (leitung bup singno suanni bang dan) singno suan ding. Leitang a siasak penpen in tuipuan (plastic) ahihna, anhuan buk panin kipan ahih bangin anhuan buk mah panin a kizo thei gal ahihlam mipi theisak ding.

6) Khangnote le Biakna

Mihing puahphatna ah biakna in a muibun pen ahihlam phawkin biakna thupisak ding. Biakna in zong tua munte ah ma la ding. Biakna pen kikhenna in ngaihsun loin ngalletha (asset) bangin zatsiam ding.

7) Khangnote le Ngeina

Tuhun pen va-ak utong kineih atam hun ahih manin pilvang ding. Zomi khempeuh Zopau pausak ngiat ding, Zolai siamsak ngiat ding. Numei sangin pasalte pen kimangthang baihzaw ahih manin Zo pasalpha peuhmah in Zo zi neisak ngiat ding. A hoih i Zo ngeinate i kep bangin a hoihlote peuhmah puahpha ngiat ding.

8) Khangnote le Kumpi Nasep

Kawlgam kawlmite lakah i teektan theih nadingin le gamlelei minamte ading nasep nadingin kumpite limlevang nuai mah in ngaihmuangpen ahihlam theisak ding. Kumpi nasep lo tawhin gam makai taktak kisuakthei lo ahihlam khangnote theisakin, pilna nei khangno peuhmah kumpi nasem lutsak ding.

9) Khangnote le Kimawlna

Kimawlna i ngimna in gualnopna ciang bek hi lo-a, kimawlna khat peuhpeuh ah siamna a khan nading (skill) cidam thahat nading (strength) le lungsim (spirit) picin nading ahihna theisak ding. Tua bang ahih zawh nadingin a kisam bulpipen in kikhalzawhna (discipline) ahihlam telsak mahmah ding.

10) Khangnote le Thukizakna

Tuhun pen ngalkhaat banga tangtat tawh hithei nawn lo ahih manin i pilna i siamna le i thahatna khempeuh gawmkhop hun ahi hi. Tua banga i kigawmkhop theih nadingin, gamsung gampua-a om khangno khempeuh mawng banga hong kawi, kankhawm dingin Youth Network nei ding. Tua ahih manin khangno khempeuh in internet le email a zattheih nading hanciam ding. Khuapite le khualian tata ah internet a om zawh nading hanciamkhawm ding. Tua hi leh i Zogam hong pallun dinga, Zominamte in a khangto minam ihi taktakta ding hi. Nok Kam (Zozang) ZYA Magazine