Kawlte’ Makaih kipawlnate’ kikhen nate pan Zomite pilna ding

General Aung San in , suahtakna lak ding avai hawm ciangin mualtung mite ( Zomi, Shan, Kachin ) na zawn hi. A cil pekpan in mualtungmi makaiten Kawlte na muang hetlo khin ahih manin biahtakin na zolzo hetlo hi. A tawpna taktak ah, (a) amau mailam amau vaihawm thei ding,(b) State te in kum 10 khitteh inntuan nop leh kingah (c) Kawlte in pek khat a ngah leh Zomiten/Shan/Kachin pek khat ngah ding cih, General Aung San’ kamciamna amuanna hangin Kawlte belpawl in gamkhat in dinding in thukim uh hi. Thukimna Panlong Agreement pen 12th Feb, 1947 in suaikai uh in, tua ni pen Union Day ci-in tuni dongin gambup holiday thupi mahmah khat in kizang den hi. Hih tungtawnin 4th Jan, 1948kum in Mualtung mite, Kawlte kigawm in Mangkang kumpi tungpan suahtakna lakhawm uh hi. Hih bangin suahtakna ngah nangin a hanciam kipawlna a lian deuhte’ ( a diakin Kawl mite ) kipatna, a ki khenna te atom kim in en suk dih ni. Tua khitteh, hun lai-in South East Asia bup ah ahau pen anopsa pen dinmun pan Leitung ah a zawngpen dinmun I tunna ahang tampi lakpan pawlkhat kimu thei ding hi.

YMBA / GCBA
Mangkangte ukna nuai ah a om sungin Kawlte’ minam itna, thu muhna kihongin minam itna bulphuh kipawlna na ki pan toto hi. 10thMay, 1906kum in YMBA ( Young Men’s Buddhist Association) cih kipawlna na kiphut masa hi. “ Minam itna, thu upna, biakna leh pilna “ cih bangin mipite a buciang khantohna ding ngimna bulphuh uh hi. A kipat cil in mimal 20 kim bektawh kipan ahih hangin a sawtlo in Kawlte omna khempeuh ah kizel ziau in, akipat cil hun in gamvai bulphuh ahih lo hang, Mangkangte langpanna cih danin gamvai lamah damdam in hong kihei hi. 1920kum October kha ciaing GCBA ( General Council of Burmese Associtations ) in amin khek in, gamvai nasep ong bulphuh mahmah ta uh hi. 1923kum, 2nd Jan, Mangkangte hong piak Dyarchy ki-ukna ( Kawlmi leh Mangkangten thu nei khawm ) a deih/deihlo te hangin GCBA khennih suak hi. 1925kum ciangin sumzatna aman lohna hangin a taikhia pawlte khen nih suak leuleu hi. Hih GCBA phungpi mah panin mimal U Soe Thein’ makaih GCBA, U Suh makaih GCBA, U Pu makaih Home Rule Party cih bangin na kikhen zeizai mawk hi. Hih pen 1923-1925, kum 3 sung thupiang ahi hi. Minam itna, gam itna, gamvai minam vai ah mipite amit kihong sak hi. Lam khat pan in ahih leh , panmun, min leh za, thuneihna cihte hang leh mimal deihna thupitsak luatna hangin kikhen kham ahihna kimu thei hi.

Dobama Asiayone-DAA ( We Burmans Association )

30th May, 1930kum in pilna nei, minam vei khangno pawlkhat I makaihna tawh akipan khia kipawlna khat ahi hi. “Minam itna, minam lai mah thupit sak ding, gam leh lei it ding” cih te mah a bulphuh pipen hi in Mangkang kumpi tungpan suahtakna nget ding cih zong a bulphuh pi khat ahi hi. Thakhin ( Master ) , amin maiah “U” cih zang nawlo in “Thakhin” zat kipan uh hi. Hih kammal pen Mangkang kumpi, Makai te a lawhna hi in, “ hih gam a nei “ a Thakhin “ taktak ding pen ei hihang”cih deihna ahi hi. 1934kum in sum ngahnza zekna vaitawh buaina hangin a phuankhia U Ba Taung kikhawl sak hi.

Hih DAA ah nidang ciangin gam makai dingte ahi Ko Aung San, Ko Nu, Ko Soe , Ko Than Thun, Ko Thein Pe, Ko Hla Pe cih bangin khangno siamsin honkhat zong kipawlna mapang pi te hong suak uh hi. Ahih hangin hih kipawlna zong ,1938kum pan in makaite kilem lohna , panmun kituhna, gamvai san zia kibat lohna cihte hang mah in kikhenna na om leuleu hi. A kipat cil in Kawlgam aa dingin a thakhauh pen leh a muanhuai pen ahih hangin akikhen khapteh cihtak lua nawnlo uh hi.

Communist Party of Burma (CPB)

Galpi nihna kipat madeuh 15th August, 1939kum in Takhin Ko Daw Mai ngaihsut piakna,makaihna tawh, pilna nei khangno pawlkhat Takhin Aung San ( General Aung San), Takhin Thein Pe, Takhin Be Hein, Takhin Hla Pe , amau tengtawh hong kipan khia hi. A lunglut huai mahmah khat ah General Aung San in General Secretary a sem na hi gige hi. Gamvai ah ama sanzia te ul tung sak masa hetlo in Kawlgam tawh a kituak pen ding ki ukna lamah tangtak in apaipihna pen et teh tak mahmah hi. General Aung San in 30 Comrades , leh Burma Independent Army makaih in Japan te panpihna tawh Mangkangte nawt khia hi. Amah pen Kawlgam suahtakna makai pipa bek hilo, galkap a phuankhia pi pa “Galkapte’ Pa”in zong kiciam teh hi.

A kipat cilin tha khauh lualo hi. 1941kum khit lamteh Takhin Soe , Takhin Than Thun te amakaih khit a kipan in damdam in a thakhauh hi pan hi. Amau te gel pen CPB a phungcing sak makaipi tegel hi in, hih CPB zong pen 1946 kum, Feb kha in Takhin Soe makaih CP(B)-RED FLAG leh Takhin Than Thun makaih CPB-WHITE FLAG in na kikhen uh hi.

People Revolutionary Party ( PRP ) / Burma Socialist Party

1939kum in a kipan hi in, galpi nihna a ven ciangin People Freedom Socialist Party in amin laih hi. Hih party pen Ko Ba Swe, Ko Kyaw Ngein, leh Takhin Chit te in makaih in, suahtakna ngahkhit lam ciangin a thakhauh mahmah party ong suak hi. Suahtakna ngah khit 1950 kum, December kha sungin hih Party pi panin party thak nih kipan khia leuleu hi. Ngaihsutna , san dan kibang lo ahi phial zongin, hih bangin kikhen cih takin kikhen pen kiamsukna lam a paipai hi mawk hi. Kawlmite zia leh ngeina khat pen, mikhat , makai khat a it, apaktat nak leh apaipaina ah zui ngam, mimal tungah kinga mahmah thei mawk hi. Hih pen ahoih ding abat hangin kiamsukna , kikhenna, thanemna a piangsak thei na gige mawk hi.

Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League ( AFPFL – Phasapala )

Mangkangte, Kawlgam pan a taikhiat khit, Japan te in Kawlgam ah ukna aneih hun sungin akipan khia kipawlna hi. 1944kum, August kha in Anti-Fascist Organization ci-in kipawlna lianpi khat ahih theih nangin kipawlna (3) bulphuh in ong kipan uh hi. 1945kum March kha sungin amin AFO pan in AFPFL ah laih uh hi. Hih AFPFL pen Kawlgam tangthu ah amin thangpen , a picing pen kipawlna lianpi khat ong suak hi. AFPFL lukhu nuaiah CPB, PRP leh Genaral Aung San’ makaih Burma Independent Army ( BIA ) galkap te kikop in ding khawm uh hi. Amau makaihna tawh Japan te lehdo kik in, tua khit teh Mangkangte khut tungpan suahtakna lak pih uh hi. Kipawlna lianpi (3) takin minam leh gam aa ding masuan in, khut kilen in na sem khawm uh aa, a kibat lohnate ultung sak lo in, minam leh gam suahtakna dingin nasem khawm ahih manin Kawlte tangthu ah anamtui pen hun cih theih hi. Ahih hangin hih hun pen kum 2 sungin maiming leuleu hi. A hi zongin 20th October, 1946 kum ciangin Takhin Than Tun makaihna ahi CPB te, AFPFL tawh kikhen in tuam dinta hi.

Suahtakna ngah khit gam makai kipawlnate kikhenna

1948kum , 4th Jan – Kawlgam in suahtakna ngahin AFPFL in kumpi sem hi. CPB te in 1948kum, 28th March in gamsung lut in kumpi te lehdo kipan hi.

1958kum, 27th April ciangin AFPFL zong khen nih in kikhen leuleu a, U Nu leh U Tin te makaih pawl leh alangah U Kyaw Ngein leh U Ba Swe te makaih Socialist pawl, cih dan in kikhen hi. U Nu makaihna pen Clean AFPFL ci in, U Kyaw Ngein leh U Ba Swe makaih pen Stable AFPFL ci in kipawlna amin laih uh hi. Hih makai te kipawl khawmin ding khawm hi leh, General Ne Win in 1958kum in thu neihna la hetlo dinga, bek thamlo in 1962kum in anih veina galkap General Ne win in thu neihna la lo kha ding hi ci-in mipil pawlkhat in gen hi. Bang hanghiam cih leh hih makai teng pen General Ne Win a zahtak mahmah leh a kihtak mahmah teng hi in, amau akikhen ciangin cih tham sa nawnlo in a deihdeih in hek ziauziau lel hi.

1960kum,January kha Gambup ki teelpi kinei in, Clean AFPFL in zo hi. A party min zong Union Party in laih hi. Hih party in sauvei ukna lenlo in 1962kum, 2nd March ciangin galkap ten ukna teng la uh hi. General Ne Win in galkap ukna tawh 1974kum dong uk in, tua pan party khatbek thuneihna tawh uk ahih manin a kikhen a kitam omlo cih theih ahi hi. Hih hun sungpen Burma Socialist Programme Party ( BSPP ) te makaih hun hi in U New Win I thuneihna bektawh thu a ki vaihawm hun zong ahi hi.

1988kum kikhelna, NLD , ZNC

1988kum sung nakpi takin gamvai abuai ciangin BSPP tungpan in galkap in thuneihna teng la in, 1990kum in kiteelpi bawl sak hi. Generanl Aung San tanu, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’ makaih National League for Democracy cih party thak khat ong kipan in mipi in nakpi takin tha kipia hi. Hih hun mah in zong Zomi National Congress ( ZNC ) kiphuan thakin Zomite gamvai nasepna khatvei ong kipan kik hi. 1990kum kitel pi ah NLD 72% bangtawh a zawh hangin , galkap kumpi in ukna pia tuanlo in a makai teng zong gilbem sung dennna zaw sawp hi.

Union Solidarity and Development Party ( USDP ) a kahna leh a kiatna

Galkap kumpi in a deih bangin a bawlkhiat Party hi in, galkap mangte vive in a galkap puan suahin hih Party makaih hi. Amau deih bangin a bawl gambup thukhunpi ( 2008 – Constitutuion ) bulphuh in 2010kum, November kha in kiteelpi bawl in, a langah dingding Party ahi NLD in demlo ( boycott )ahih manin USDP in kiteelpi ah zo dipdep hi. 2012kum by-electition kidem hunteh, NLD in zong kiteelna ah dem in tutna 45 aom lakah mun 44 kuanglui uh a, mun 43 ah teelcing uh hi. USDP in kiat lam manawh ta hi.

2015kum kiteelpi ciangin NLD panin thathak, ngimna thak tawh dem uh in, mipi mahmah in zong galkapte ki cimtak lua mahmah ta ahih main, NLD ah ki bawhhuan hi. Mi khempeuh upmawhna zah sangin zo gawp uh a, tutna I 86% bangtawh gualzo uh hi. USDP in upmawh zah sangin lel dipdep hu hi. A makaite kikal ah ki lemlohna, ki thutuakloh na pen kiteelpi ma pekin kiza hiauhiau khin hi. Zogam panin Zomi Congress for Democracy(formerly known as ZNC ) simloh , tualsuak Party te nangawn in NLD te lel mang uh hi.

U Thura Shwe Mann ( Former General ) pen , ama lawmte tawh ngaihsutna sazia kibang nawnlo maw akl kiteelpi teh a zo ding theikhol lua ahih man hi ding hiam, damdam in tuamtat toto in NLD tawh khut hong kilen phial uh hi. 22nd April,2016 ni in a party pan a lawm dang mi 17 tawh kihawl khia ta hi. Lamkhat pan USDP party tampi thanem tuam hi kici thei hi. 28th April, media tetung a thugenna ah Party thak kipat ding gelna neilo , NLD ah zong lah lut ding gelna nei tuanlo ci in gen hi.

Bangte in kikhenna om sak pen hiam?

Hih atunga kipawlna/party tuamtuam te tangthu i et ciangin kikhen khapna bekbek tawh kidim hi. A huampi in en leng makaite kisapna hisak pipen hi. (1) thu thei thumu dinga kilawm makaite in angsung, mimal deihna, mimal I gamvai ah a san dan ( Ideology ) cihte masak lua in kipawlna a picing semsem ding sangin amau thu neihna akhan semsem nang vai hawm uh hi. Gtn: kipawlna khat pan a taiteh a mipi zong taipih/khenkham (2) khuahun luanzia leh ,kim-le-pam tawh kituak in thu vaihawm khawm diamdiam lo uh hi. Gtn: Suahtakna ngah khit, gam sung tualgal daih ding thupi, gam khantoh ding thupi mahmah kimlai, gam makaite in thuneihna, mimal deihna te kituh in kikhen uh hi. DASSK bangin gam I mailam ding ngaihsutna bek tawh amah abawlsia, a pasal, atate tawh a khen ahi Galkap mangte tawh nui sitset sa in kiho thei mawk hi. (3) thu manna, itna, cihtakna tawh gam leh minam aa dingin akipia khia zo taktak kuamah om lo hi, a dang tampi zong om kha ding hi. Laisim mimal khempeuh in na lungngai dih inla na ngaihsutna, na muhna te khempeuh zong ahang khat hipah ding hi.

Kawlgam sunga om Mualtung mite leh Zomite lungngaih ding thu pawlkhat

Hih a tunga a thupi 3 te, DASSK in nei ahih manin NLD dinmun lungnop huai in, kipumkhat zo mahmah lel ding hi. Ahih hangin ama omloh khit teh bang piang ding cih kigen khol thei lo hi. Kawlte gamvai paizia en leng kikhenna, kitotna, a thak kipan, a thahat ten atha nemte zawhthawh bawl cih vive tawh kidim mawk hi. Tua ahih manin ;

(1) DASSK aom sungin Mual mite in amau i thuneihna ding atam theithei a ngahna dingin nakpi takin hanciam uh leh hoih pen ding hi. (2)Tua kawmkal ah, mimal in atam zaw Kawlte a zawh nangin, Mualmi khempeuh a ki pumkhatna uh khat vei nosuak sak kik in, akizopna uh kipsak mahmah ding thupi ding hi. (3) Gam vai nasepna ah State khat sunga om, kampau kilamdang nate bulphuh lo in, mailam khang tampi khualna in a kipum khat loh hong phamawh ding hi. Gtn: Shan gam bangpen khasiat huai mahmah ta hi. Kawlte gamvai makaite bangin aki khenkhen uh leh, mualmi khempeuh pen a sawtlo in beimang ding uh hi. (4)Mualtung mite khempeuh Gamvai ah ngimna khat nei khawmin, kuate lawm, kuate kidawm in kikhawl ding, mailam nuntakna anop nangin bangte thupi aa bangte thupi masa penpen lo, cih te hoihtak in gamvai minam vai makai ten lungngai in kalsuan loh phamawh kha ding hi. (5) A tunga teng ban ah Zomite pen mimal tawm mahmah ahih manin, pil mahmah na lo tawh koi mah tung zolo ding uh hi. Kumpi ahih sese loh uh hangin Pasian deihna ahi pilna nei peuh le uh, Joseph/Daniel te bangin mun thupi, thu neihna thupi te ngah zo veve den ding uh hi.

Laisim mimal kimin zong hoihtak lunggai kawm khitteh hih a tunga nam 5 ban ah, nang leh nangin na behlap toto in.

Lungdam
Khup Lian Thang

Ref:
Kawlgam gamvai tangthu et kikna, U Kyaw Win
Gal hun sungin gamvai tuahkhak thute, Thein Pe Myint
The Rise and Fall of Communist Party of Burma, Bertil Lintner
Saturday’s Son, U Nu