Kim le Pam kep siam ni ~ T. Sawm Lian

Kim le Pam kep siam ni ~ T. Sawm Lian

Washington DC a America Presidentte teenna White House a tengte, London khua sunga mihaupen leh Zogam khua neu khata omte’ kibatna pen – i huih dik kibangin, tui dawn ding, silh le teen ding, neek le dawn ding i kisam tek hi. Tuate pen ‘kim le pam’ panin kingah ahi hi.

Kim le pam i cih ciangin zai mahmah hi. Khuahun (temperature), tui (water) leh tui sunga teengte (aquatic animals), khuavak (light), huih (wind), gammaang (forest) leh a sunga teengte (wild animals), singkung lopate leh ganhing tuamtuamte, “kim le pam” i cihin huam khin hi, ci le’ng kikhial lo ding hi. Tulai leitung in a buaipih mahmahin “Khuahun kikhel (climate change)” ahi hi. Tua pen bang hi hiam cih leh, khuahun pen nidang bang nawn loin, khua a lum ciang lum veva-in, a vawh ciangin vot keuhkauh a, guah a zuk hun ngeina in zu nawn lo hi. Hih khuahun kikhelna hangin leitungah buaina tampi piang hi. Banghangin tua bangin khuahun kikhel hiam i cih leh, ‘i kim le i pam kep siamloh man’ ahi hi.

I. Kim le pam kep siam a kisapna :
Nek le dawn, silh le ten, inn sung vanzat leh kisap atuamtuamte hong pianna pen kim le pam a omte panin ahi hi. Kim le pama singkung lopate hong tawm tektek a, tua in lui neua tuite kangsakin, dawn taak tui tawm a, a om sunsunte zong siangtho nawn lo hi. Singkung lopa i kep siamloh manin lei a lenkip ding singzung (roots) tam nawn lo a, tua hangin mencim (landslide) tam mahmah hi.

Nisim kisap nek le dawn i muhna ahi lo leh huan bawl nading mun hoih nawn lo hi. Gam siain, gamtak lo/huan bawl nading mun hoih om nawn lo ahih manin, nek le tak ah ei leh ei kisik (self sufficient) haksa ta hi. Guah a zuk hunin zu nawn lo a, ahun maanin khai kiciang thei lo a, tui deih banga zat ding a omloh manin, khaici ahoih ding bangin hoih lo hi. Tua in nek le tak kitangsapna (economic crisis) piangsak hi.

Dikding huih siangtho hong pia singkung lopate gina nawn lo ahih manin huih siangtho nawn lo a, mihing nuntakna ding a lauhuai huih hoih lo kidik tamlua ahih manin, natna tam mahmah ta hi.

Lui gei a singkung lopate kisusia ahih manin lui tui hong tawm tektek a, tui a tawm ciangin tui zatna tuamtuam – Tui pana meitha bawlna (hydro – electricity) ah tui a kisam zah om lo ahih manin meitha (electric) zong deih bangin zat ding a kicing piang thei lo hi. Lui tuite tawm tektek ahih manin a sung a teng ngasa leh ganhing tuamtuamte tawm tektek hi. Tui tawm ahih manin khuapi-ah tui dawn ding sum tam pipiin kilei tawm liang hi. Industries, factories leh Nuclear eksiate (wastes) a beisak dan hoih kithei lo a, tuate tui lakah luang mawk ahih manin, tui siangtho lo a, lui sunga ganhingte in hua-in sih lawh uh hi.

Singkung lopa, gammaangte kisusia ahih manin a sunga om ganhing tampitak beimang (extinct) uh hi. Lo/huan bawl nading mun za pipi kivat a, a kihal ciangin gam za pipi kang ahih manin, a sunga om nuntakna a nei tampi takin sihlawh hi. Kum simin gam kihalin, tua in gam zattakloh (waste land) tamsak semsem a, khua lumsak semsem ahih manin kum simin sehnel gam (desert) zong khang tektek hi.

Vanbawlna (industries, factories etc) pana meikhu paikhia-in, mihing te’n nizung panin cidamna tawh a kituak ding khop (enough) a i ngah theih nadingin a bawl (Ozone layer) siasak ahih manin, ni a sat ciangin sa veve hi. Tua banah, tua meikhute hangin huih siangtho nawn loin, guah nangawn mihing leh nuntakna aneite adingin lauhuai suaksak hi.

Khua lumin, Sim tawp leh Mal tawp a vukte tui hanhan a, tuipi-ah luanglutin, tuipi khangkhang a, mihing teenna mun bangzah hiam tui in tum ta hi. Hih bang zelin khua hun kilaihin, khua a lum semsem leh, sawt loin tuipi kiim/kiang, mun niama om khua leh gam tampi tuiin tum ding a, utin ut kei leh mun sang zaw zuanin a kisuankhiat uh kul ding hi.

Innsakna a kipan a sunga vanzatte (furnitures) a pianna sing gol pipite mihingte’ duhhopna hangin kum simin kiamin, sing hoih muh ding tam nawn lo a, a om sunsunte zong a man tam mahmah hi. Sing hoihte sumbawl nadingin zangin, tam pipi ki-atin, tua tawh hauh sawmin, gammaang susia-in, tua manin gammaang muh ding zong tam nawn lo hi. Singtang gamah an huan nadinga a kizang sing zong lak ding a hoih tam nawn lo hi. Ei’ utzah leh lak zawh zahzah mawtaw (motor) tawh kila ahih manin gam keu hanhan a, nidanga gammaangpite zong hong tul ta a, sing hoih muh ding om nawn lo hi.

II. Leitung bup in kim le pam thu lunghimawh :
Kim le pam pen cidamna tawh kizom hi. Kim le pam a siantho leh, mihing zong kicidam hi. Leitung khuahun hoihlohna hang, leh a siat zel loh nading lunghihmawhna hangin Leitung bup gam tuamtuam kipawlna (UNO) in kum 1972 panin June 5 pen ‘Leitung bup Kim le Pam Ni’ (World Environment Day) ciin kum simin kim le pam kep na tawh kisaiin hun kizang hi. Tua banah, kum 2001 UN General Assembly in November 6 ni pen ‘International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and War Conflicts” a zat dingin vaihawm uh a, March 21 – World Forestry Day; April 22 – Earth Day; May 22 – International Biodiversity Day ciin, kum simin hih hunte ah kim le pam kep siam a kisapna leh a kulzia kihilh nading hunin kizang hi.

Tuabang lunghimawhna hangin tua bang lam a sai ding tuamtuam bawl a tuate :

1. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
2. World Resource Institute (WRI)
3. International Biological Programme (IBP)
4. United Nation Environmental Programme (UNEP)
5. World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF)
6. Man and Biosphere (MAB)
7. Convention on Biodiversity (CBD)

Zomi tamzawte teenna en le’ng : Kawlgamah Myanmar National Commission for Environmental Affair (NCEA) ciin commission tuam om a, India gamah Ministry of Environment and Forest ciin department atuamin om a, hihte nuaiah hiang tuamtuam om lai hi.

Kum 1950 kim panin hih kim le pam tawh kisai lunghihmawhna a om pen, kum 1972 June kha ciangin Stockholm khua-ah Leitung bup kipawlna (UNO) vaisaina tawh United Nations Conference on Human Environment cih khawmpi nei uh hi. Kum 1992 ciangin Brazil gam khuapi Rio de Janeiro-ah ‘Leitung bup thukikupkhopna (Earth Summit)’ nei-in, gam tuamtuam panin makaipi 100 leh palai 30,000 valin kim le pam kepzia tawh kisai thu kikupna nei uh a, thu kikupte laimai 24 millions sungah kikhum liang hi.

Tua bangin leitungbup ‘khuahun’ lunghimawhna nasia semsem a, Conference of Parties (COP) ciin a khatveina pen Bahamas gam Nassau ah 1994 in nei uh a, a nihveina Indonesia gam Jakarta ah kum 1995 in nei uh hi. A thumveina Argentina gam Buenos Aires khuapi ah 1996 kumin neiin, a liveina pen 1998 kumin Slovakia gam Bratislavia ah nei uh hi. A ngaveina pen kum 2000 kumin Kenya gam Nairobi ah nei leuleu uh hi. 2007 kumin a 14 veina Bali ah neih hi a, kum 2009 in 15th Conference of Parties (COP15), Denmark gam Copenhagen khua kiang, Bella Center ah neih uh a, gam tuamtuam 170 panin kumpi palai, NGOs, Journalists leh atuamtuam mi 8,000 kihel uh hi. Hih hunah Switzerland gam Geneva khuapi munpi a anei Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) te in atuam vilvelin ‘khuahun kikhelna’ tawh kisai hun paisa leh mailama kal suanzia ding genkhopna makaih uh hi. Hihte panin leitung in khuahun a lunghimawh dan kithei mahmah hi.

III. Kim le pam a kikepdan pawlkhat :
Kim le pam kep siam kisam mahmah ahih manin a kep bit dan tuamtuam tampi om a, tuate laka pawlkhatte en dih ni :

1. In-situ Conservation : Hih In-situ Conservation a cih uh-ah kim le pam a nate – gamsa, singkung nam tuamtuam leh ganhing tuamtuamte amau omna mun uhah ahihna bang a kepna ahi hi.

a) National Parks : Hih pen gamsa, gammang (forest) leh a sunga om ganhing leh singkungte kep nadinga kumpi te’n a bawl uh ahi hi. Hih munah gammang pana piangte (forest products) lak, singlak (harvesting of timber), mimal gam neih (private ownership of land), khai cin nadinga gam zat (tilling of land)te phal hi lo hi. India gam sungah National Park 89 om a, tua in India gam mun 1.1% luah hi. Yellowstone National Park, USA leh Royal Park, Australia gam Sydney khua kiang a omte leitungah Park amasa penpente hi a, India gamah Jim Corbett Park ciin kum 1936 a kibawl pen amasa pen ahi hi.

b) Sunctuaries : Hih zong National Park dan mahin gammang pana piangte (forest products) lak, singlak (harvesting of timber), mimal gam neih (private ownership of land), khai cin nadinga gam zat (tilling of land)te phal hi lo hi. Tu dinmunah India gamah Sunctuaries 492 om a, India gam 3.6% luah hi.

c) Biosphere Reserve : Kum 2004 May ciangah Biosphere Reserve pen leitung gam tuamtuam 94 ah 404 om a, India gamah 13 omin, National Park tawh kibang a kibawl ahi hi.

2. Ex-Situ Conservation : Hih pen ganhing leh singkung lopa, a cimang (extinct) loh nadinga kep nadingin atuam vilvel a kibawl ahi hi. Mihingte kepna/saina (human supervision) tawh a kibawl ahi hi :

a) Offsite Collection : Hih in a huamte pen – botanical gardens, zoos, arboreta etc. ahi hi. Hih munpen gamsa leh singkung lopa a cimang dektakte kepna hi a, hih mun panin tuate a tam kik theih nadingin nakpi takin kisem hi.

Tuin leitungah Botanical Gardens leh Arboreta (singlim omna leh singneu/lopa(shrubs) huan) 1500 om ta a, hih laiah ganhing leh singkung lopa nam (species) 80,000 val om hi. Sahuan (Zoos) 800 sangin tamzaw a, ganhing nam 3,000 val bang tua munah kikem hi.

b) Gene Bank : Hih pen adiakin khai leh sing a cimang dektakte a tuam vilvela kep nadinga kibawl ahi hi. Seed banks, orchards, tissue culture & cryopreservation cih bangin kikhen hi.

IV. Kim le pam kepzia ding pawlkhat :
Leitung bup kipawlna leh gam tuamtuam makaite in khuahun lunghimawh mah leh, amau guak-un sem thei khin tuan lo uh hi. Tua ahih manin, pangkhawm a, a kiu tuamtuam pan panlak a, i sep taktak kisam ta hi. Khuahun hoih nading mapan zia ding :

1. Gamhal kham ding : Kim le pam siatna bul pen gam halna hang ahi hi. Gam a kihal ciangin singkung lopa tampi leh a sunga teng ganhingte in sihlawh uh hi. Huih siangtho hong pia singnahte kangtum ahih manin, huih siangtho lo a, mei khu in huih ninsak hi. Huih a nit luat a, guah a hong zuk ciangin huih laka om ninte tawh hong kigawm a, guahtui limci lo (acid rain) hong piang hi. Tua pen mihing leh gan, singkung lopate’ adingin lauhuai mahmah hi. Kum 10 sung bang gam hal kham zo peuh lehang gam hong nosuak kik ding a, lo/huan bawl nading mun/gam hoih hong omin, nek le tak zonna zong hong baih zaw ding hi.

2. Sing mot lak kham ding : Inn sak nading sing at leh cih ding sing ut zahzah lak pen kham kisam hi. Pawlkhatte in sumbawl nading leh nekzonna pi’n neiin, sing at tawh sum muh sawm uh a, sing phei ciacia nangawn at uh ahih manin, gam sungah sing lian muh ding om nawn lo hi. Cih ding sing lak zong, a lak nading mun neiin, tua mun bekah zeek siam taka lak kisam hi. Meihol khul zong kham ding kisam hi. Gam sunga sing hoihte meiholin kikhul khin ahih manin gam keu gemgam ta hi.

3. Sanginn-ah sinsak ding : Naupan laia i theihte kimangngilh loin, ahoih ahih nak leh zuih zong nuam mahmah hi. Tuhun ciang kim le pam kep siamna lam University ah kisin a, phatuam taktak lo hi. Minautangte in a theihtheih nadingin sang kah kipat cilna (Nursery/KG) pan kisin leh, i lungsimin khanpih (immune) khin ding a, phatuam mahmah ding hi.

4. Biakna lam pan : Leitung leh a sunga om teng khempeuh Pasian bawl ahih manin, mihingte bek kikep a, kihuai ding hi lo hi. Pasian in etlawm tak leh, mihingte adinga kisam a abawlte kemsiam kei le’ng Pasian zong a lungkim lo ding hi. Biakna Pawlpite in hih lam tawh kisai ngaihsutna leh awlmawhna lungsim nei a, genkhiat kisam ta hi. Nipi Sang (Sunday school) thusin ah hel le’ng phatuam mahmah ding hi.

5. Mass Media zat siam : Mihing lungtang leh ngaihsutna a zo mahmah pen Mass Media a cih uh – Thukizakna (Newspaper), Radio leh Television te ahi hi. Kam a gen lel sangin mipi lungsim lawng baih zaw ahih manin, hihte tungtawna kim le pam kep siam dan, kepsiam a kul zia genna leh zakna om leh phatuam mahmah ding hi.

6. Kumpite’ mawhpuakna : Kim le pam kep siamna ah kumpite in mawhpuakna lianpi nei uh hi. Mipi in kep a ut mahmah hangin, mi gi lo, thumang lote tungah danpia (punish) thei lo uh ahih manin, kumpite in ma hong pangin, hoih tak leh khauh takin pan hong la leh lawhcing ding hi.

7. Mipite’ mawhpuakna : Atunga i gen khempeuh a lawhcinna ding pen mipite ahi hi. Kumpi leh NGO tuamtuamte in kim le pam kep siam a kulzia gen mah leh, a mipi tamzawte in hanciamna leh panpih nopna a neih kei leh lawhcing thei taktak lo hi. Mipi lungsim sungah tua bang veina leh awlmawhna a om ciangin nasepna zong kilawhcing thei bek hi.

V. Kim le pam kep siam a phattuamna :
1. Huih siangtho leh tui siangtho tam ding a, tui lei nading leh tui lak nadinga sum tam pipi a kibei pen om nawn lo ding a, tua pen cidam nadingin zong hoih mahmah ding hi.

2. Huih hong siangthoin, tui hong siangtho leh, tua lunggulhin gamdang panin khualzinmi (tourists) hong tam ding a, tua tungtawnin gam leh mipite in sum tampi mu thei ding hi.

3. Mihingte cidam nadinga kizang za (medicine) atamzaw pen singkung lopa leh ganhing tuamtuam pana kibawl hi a, singkung lopa leh ganhing hong tam leh tuate panin zatui hoih nono kibawlkhia thei ding hi.

4. Tui hong tam ding ahih manin tua tungtawnin tui pana kibawl meitha (hydro-electricity) bawl baih ding a, electric hong hoih leh gam khantohna tampi om ding hi.

5. Inn sak nading, inn sung vatzat tuamtuam bawl nading, an huan nading leh kisap tuamtuama zat ding sing hong kicing ding hi.

6. Gam hong nuam ding a, tua gam sungah gamsa, vasa, ganhing tuamtuam leh singkung lopa hong hoih ding a, mipil thukankhiate (researchers) adingin sep ding hong tam ding hi.

7. Singkung hong tam ding ahih manin tui hong tamin, gam hong nel (wet) kik dinga, khai leh ann hong hoihin, gamdang pan sum tam pipi bei a neek le dawn lei kul nawn lo ding hi.

8. Paak tuamtuamte hong paak ding a, gam hong etlawm kik ding hi.

Kim le pam kep siamlohna hangin gimna a thuak pen tua munah a teeng mihing leh ganhingte hi a, a kemsiamte in nuamsa uh hi. Leitung ah gam tampi a om hangin a nopdan, nek le dawn kicin dan, huih siangtho dan, tui siangtho dan kibang het lo hi. Israel mite gam keuna, tui tamlohna munah om ahih uh hangin, a gam uh kep siamin singkung lopate ahoih theih nadingin nasep siam uh ahih manin a gam uhah khai hoihin, nek le dawnah amau leh amau kisik (self sufficient) bek tham loin, gam dangah zong khakkhia (export) thei lai uh hi. Tua ahih manin, kim le pam hong hoihdan ding pen ngaihsutsut ding ahi hi. Gam hoih leh hoihloh pen asunga teengte tungah kinga mahmah hi. Mipil misiamte in hih thu pen lunghimawh pi’n nei uh a, amau kia in bangmah hih thei taktak lo uh hi. Kumpite bek muan ding zong hi lo hi. Kim le pam hong nuam leh phattuamna a ngah ding eite leh i suan i khakte hi ding ahih manin, mikim in i sep theih na lamlamah mapangin sepciat ding ahi hi. Tuhun i zat siam kei leh i tu i taten hong mawhsak ding lauhuai hi. Kim le pam kep nadingin I PAN THEIHNA CIATAH MAPANG KHAWM CIAT NI.

T. Sawm Lian
July 22, 2010
(ZCLS Laigelh Kidemna 2010 – 2011 khatna ahi hi.)

Laibu etkakte :
1. Prof. Dr. C Thang Za Tuan : ZOLUS Journal Vol. 11, 2007, Zaangkong, “I Gam i lei tulta maw! En’ a kem lo maw?”
2. Environmental Studies (APPH), M I Laskar, H Anjum, R Shah