Israel President masapen Chaim Weizmann tangthu

Israel President masapen Chaim Weizmann tangthu

Israel President masapen Chaim Weizmann tangthu (27 November 1874 – 9 November 1952) – A SUNGA THU OMTE:

• 0. Thupatna
• 1. A neu lai hun
• 2. A sangkahna thu
• 3. Britain ah a omna
• 4. A innkuanpihte
• 5. Politics ah kibual hun sung
• 6. Arabte tawh ten’khawmna (Settlement with the Arabs):
• 7. Palestine gamah judahte hong peemna hangin buaina:
• 8. Galpi Nihna
• 9. Judahte a kilomthahna (The Holocaust)
• 10. Israel President masa pen a letna
• 11. Science lamsang a nasep hun
• 12. “1945 Revenge Operation” ah kihel ci-in a kingawhna thu

THUPATNA: Chaim Azriel Weizmann (Hebru pau in Hayyim Azri’el Vaytsman) pen 27 November 1874 in suak a, 9 November 1952 in si hi. Buaih D.Sc, Sc.D leh LL.D ngah a, Zion mite’ (Zionists)makai leh Israelte’ thugensiampa hi ci-in kiciamteh a, Zionist Organisation makai a let khit nungin Israel President masa pen dingin Feb. 16, 1949 in kiteelcing a, a sih dong (1952) len suak hi. Weizmann in Israel gam khatin a kiciamtehna dingin US leh Britishte na thuzawh zo hi. Weizmann pen biochemist scientist hi a, acetone pian’sakna dingin acetone-butanol-ethanol bawlkhiapa ahi hi. Acetone pen lungno (bacteria) muatsakna (a thu suahsakna) panin kibawl khia a, Kidopi Khatna hun lai-in British war industry adingin poimawh mahmah hi. Rehovot khua-a Weizmann Institute of Science phuankhiapa hi a, Hebrew University of Jerusalem phuankhiatna dingin zong na kihel hi.

A NEU LAI HUN: Weizmann pen Oizer Weizmann leh Rachel Czermerinsky Weizmann’ ta 15 lak panin a thumna hi a, Belarus gam sunga om Pinsk khua kianga Motal khua ah piang hi (Tua hun lai in Russian Empire ukna sunga om ahi hi). Kum 11 a phak ma dong Cheder ah sang kah a, kum 11 a phakin high school Pinsk ah kah hi. A pa pen singtum (timber) zuaka sum bawl mi ahi hi. 1892 in Chemistry sin dingin Germany gamah pai a, Dermstadt khua-a Polytechnic Institute ah kah hi. 1894 in Technische Hochschule Berlin ah kah dingin Berlin khuapi zuan hi. A laisimna a manna dingin University of Friburg kici Switzerland gamah 1897 in pai kik leuleu a, 1899 in Organic Chemistry panin Ph.D ngah hi. 1901 in University of Geneva ah assistant lecturer (associate professor kici ta) sem a, 1904 in University of Manchester ah senior lecture (tu in professor i cih) sem hi.

BRITAIN AH A OMNA (1904-1937): 1910 in Britain gammi hihna (citizenship) ngah a, 1948 in Israel President a let dong British gammi hihna nei suak a, President a let in paai khia hi. Chaim Weizmann leh a innkuanpihte Manchester khuapi ah kum 30 kiim (1904–1934) teng uh a, 1904 in University of Manchester ah 1904 in senior lecturer sep kipan a, Kidopi Nihna hong kipat in London nisuahna lam 16 Addison Road ah peem uh hi.

Britain ah Charles Weizmann ci-in kisam a, ama nuai-ah research patents 100 val kiciamteh hi. Kidopi Nihna bei kuan in Operation Sea Lion kici ah a kihelna hangin German galkap SS ten Britain hong sim zawh ciangun Weismann kihel in Judah mi Britain gam sunga teng mi 2,8000 manlang takin mat dingin thu pia uh hi.

A INNKUANPIHTE: Unau 14 lak panin 12 bek a picing dong uh dam suak uh hi. A innkuanpih a tam zawte Palestine ah peem uh a, a sanggamte nih zong zatui lamsang siam (chemists) hi a, a sanggamnu Dr. Anna (Anushka) Weizmann in a sanggampa Daniel Sieff Research Institute lab ah sem a, ama sepna ah zatui tampi bawl khia hi. A sanggampa Prof. Moshe Weizmann pen Hebrew University of Jerusalem ah Chemistry Faculty head in pang a, a sanggamte nih – Shmuel leh Maria (Masha)-te Russian Revolution khit nungin Soviet Union gamah om uh hi.

A sanggampa Shmuel Weizmann pen Communist adingin nakpi takin a kipiakhia mi hi a, Zionist Bund movement deih lo leh langpangte lakah kihel hi. Stalin in Russia hong uk in “Great Purge” kici hong pan a, Shmuel pen Zionist-te thusim kan hi ci-in ngawhna tuak ahih manin kiman in, 1939 in kithat a, a kithahna thu a zi leh a ta ten 1955 in thei khia pan uh hi. Maria (Masha) Weismann zong siavuan mah hi a, Stalin in “Doctor plot” cih a pat khiatna hangin 1952 in kiman a, Siberia ah kum nga sung thong ah kikhum hi. Stalin sih khit 1953 in kikhah khia a, a pasal tawh 1956 in Israel ah a peem ding uh kiphal ahih manin peem uh hi.

Weizmann in Dr. Vera Khatzman kiteenpih a, tapa nih nei hi. Flight Lieutenant Michael Oser Weismann (1916-1942) pen Britainte’ Royal Air Force ah pang a, Kidopi Nihna in a galdona ah February 1942 in Bay of Biscay ah kikap khia in si a, No. 502 Squadron RAF galkap ci-in kiciamteh hi. A luang kimu lo ahih manin a mang ci-in kiciamteh lai hi. Weisman in a sih dong a tapa si hi ci-in sang zo lo a, galkapte kivuina Surrey, England hanmual-a Air Forces Memorial, Runnymede ah a kivui lo amah bek ahi hi. A tapa nihna Benjie Weizman pen Ireland gamah tengin nawizu hau bawngte khawi in nek zong hi. Weizmann’ sanggampa Yechiel’ tapa Ezer Israeli Air Force ah zong na pang ngei a, tua banah Israel President zong na len ngei hi.

Dr. Weizmann a khua ah si in, a zi tawh ama gam Weizmann estate ah kivui hi. A kivuina kiang lian-ah Israelte’ science research institute khat kibawl a, ama’ min kitamsak hi.

POLITICS AH KIBUAL HUN SUNG: Basel, Switzerland ah Zionist conference masa pen 1897 in a kineih lai-in a paina ding gamla lua ahih manin kihel thei lo a, a khawmpi dangte ah bel kihel den hi. 1901 in Palestine gamah Judah ten pilna sang sinna a neih theihna dingin sanginn hon’ ding nakpi takin hanciam a, Martin Buber leh Berthold Feiwl tawh kipawl in science leh engineering sinna sangin Judah ten a neih ding kisam hi ci-in Fifth Zionist Congress ah lai na khia uh hi. Amau thum teng hanciamna hangin 1912 in Technion – Israel Institute of Technology kici kiphuankhia thei hi.

1904 in University of Manchester ah chemistry lecturer a sep kawm in British Zionists makai in hong pang hi. Hih hun in Conservative MP leh a sawt loin Arthur Balfour tawh 1905-1905 in Belfour’ vote zonna ah hong kimu kha uh a, Belfour in Judah ten Judah gam a neih theihna ding a gupna dingin thuzawh zo hi. Belfour in a kimuh cil un British Uganda Programme kici sung panin politician hon khatin zong Judah ten gam a neih theihna dingin hong gupna uh kisam hi ci hi.

Judah mi a tam zaw in Belfour ngahsutna deih lo uh a, ahih hangin Weizman in British Foreign Secretary (Belfour in a let lai) in Judahte deihna a gupna dingin thuzawh zo hi. Hih bangin a thuzawh zozia kigen hi: Weizman in Belfour kiangah, “London nusia in Saskatchewan ah na teng nuam hiam,?” a cih leh Belfour in Britishte London ah teng den hi ci-in dawng hi. Weizmann in dawng kik in, “London pen dawp tawh kawtcip in buannawi bangin a om lai-in Judahte Jerusalem ah teng ta hi,” ci hi.

Weizman in Britain nuam a sak hangin Judah mite suahtakna ding mah na hanciam a, London khuapi gamvai ki-ukna ah Judahte makaih in Democratic Fraction of Zionism makaipipa in pang hi. Manchester pen Britain gam-ah Judah laisiamte adingin mun poimawh mahmah khat ahih manin Manchester Guardian adingin journalism lamsang leh liberalism adingin Weismann in na lianpi sem khia hi.

Manchester Guardian editor CP Scott, Israel Sieff leh Simon Mark (Mark and Spencer phuankhiapa)-te adingin Weizmann pen a thodotmi ahih manin hih teng in Balfour Declaration piankhiat theihna ding nakpi takin hanciam uh hi. Tua loin Weizmann in Russia gam-a Arabte kinen’niamna makaipi deih lo leh sum bawl WZF’s Zionist makai Asher Ginzberg tawh kilawmtatna hoih mahmah bawl beh hi. Judiac Zionist kici a gelh Ahad Ha’am tawh kimu dingin London ah gamlapipi meileng tawh zong pai mun mahmah hi.

Zionists ten Judahte huatna (anti-Semitism) a tuahna hangun Palestine ah Judah ten gam a neih ding uh kisam hi cih ngaihsutna nei kim tek uh hi. 1907 in Zion mite sunmang tangtun’sakna dingin Palestine Land Development Company bawl ding leh Hebrew University of Jerusalem phuankhia dingin Jerusalem ah va zin hi. Weizmann in Palestine ah Judahte ading hamphatna a om theihna dingin kumpi huhna sum leh paii kisam hi cih upna lianpi a neih hangin mai lam thu piang dingte ngak dingin Judahte deih lo a, Basel khawmpi ah hi bangin gen hi:

“Gam pen thukham khauh mahmah (decree) tawh kipiangsak thei lo a, ahih hangin mipite thahatna, phutna leh khangsawnte thahatna tawh piang thei hi. Leitung bup-a kumpi khempeuh in ei adingin leitang leh gam hong pian’sak hangin tua pen kammal bek hanga hong piang tawm ahi hi. Tua ahih manin Judah ten Palestian ah gam va bawl leng tua ciang in Jewish State kici Judahte gam taktak hong piang thei pan ding hi,” ci hi.

BRITISH KUMPI UKNA AH ZIONISM MAKAI A LETNA: Galpi Masa hun lai-in Director of the British Admiralty’s laboratories director dingin Weizmann kiseh a, laisiam mite leh Weizmann in David Lloyd George in Ottoman Kumpi a do dingzia leh “Jewish Question” kici a hilhna hangun 1914 panin Judahte khualna leh deihsakna hong piang khia thei hi. Weizmann leh laisiam mi ten Judahte Britain kumpi in gum leh leitung gam tuamtuam in Britain gum ding hi ci-in thu na hilh uh hi. 1914-1918 sungin Weizmann in politics vai thu thuk zaw sem ah hong theih beh a, politician lianpipite tawh kizopna hoih hong bawl hi.

November 7 leh 8, 1914 in Madame Dolly Rothschild kimuhpih a, ahih hangin Madame Dolly pasal leh French Army a sem James de Rotchchild in Weizmann’ deihna bangin a tanaute thuzawh zo lo hi. Ahih hangin French Kumpi Charles tapa nihna Nathan Mayer Rothschild thuzawh zo hi. James de Rothschild in Weizmann kiangah British Kumpi na thuzawhna dingin na hanciam masa in thuhilhna hoih (advise) pia hi. Gam ulian tuamtuamte leh Manchester Guardian newste tawh a kilawmtatna hangin Judahte hehpihna leh khualna hong kibehlap in, newspaper panin Judah gam itna thu kisuakte hangin gam itna nakpi takin hong kuang khia thei hi.

Britain a ulian tampi in Juda ten Jewish State a neih ding uh a deisak a tam hangin a deihsak lo zong a hunkhop mah na om veve hi. Weizmann in Jewish State a pian’ theihna dingin homeland policy tawh kisai Prime Minister Herbert Asquith a kikuppih hangin Herbert Asquith in Middle East ah buaina piang ding hi ci-in na nolhsan hi. Judahte a omna tek uh gawmkhawm ding a deihsak hangun Jewish State bawlkhiat ding a lunglutpih mel tam lo hi. 1915 in Weisman in Jewish State bawl ding a deih pawl Sir Mark Sykes leh James Malcolm (British Intelligence) kimuhpih a, hihte gel in Jewish State langpang Zionismte Rabbi lian pen Moses Gaster zaa a lai khiat theihna ding hanciampih uh hi.

Feb. 5, 1917 in Thatcheh House ah Weizmann in in Sokolow (Weismann’ diplomatic representative) leh Malcolm kimuhpih a, Moses Gaster in a zaa nusiat ding haksa sa mahmah hi. Weizmann in mi tuamtuam kimuhpih kawikawi a, ahih hangin French Embassy pen British Protectorate ahih manin Francois Georges-Picot tawh kimuhna ah kihel thei lo hi. James de Rothschild in a lawmte leh Sykes in Jewish State bawl ding a hanciamna leh Palestine gam bawl khiatna ding zong na imcip lai hi. Sokolow in Triple Entente ah French tawh kipawlna hangin Britain in phattuampihna lian lua ngah lo ding ci-in Britain in Judah makaite deihna bangin manlang takin Jewish State a kibawlna ding gum dingin Feb. 7, 1917 in na thuzawh hi.

Ahih hangin Russia ah February Revolution (Kerensky Revolution zong a kici) hong pian’na hangin leitung bupah Judah omte kigawmna thu nakpi takin lungkiatna hong tun hi. Britain ah bel Judahte’ kipumkhatna dingin Manchester Judah ten na hanciam zo uh hi. Manchester Zionists ten Palestine kici January 26, 1917 in laidal (pamphlets) na hawm uh a, ahih hangin Palestine pen Judahte adingin bawl ding cih pen Britain kumpi geelna ah kihel lo hi.

6 February 1917 Dr Moses Gaster inn ah Paris khuapi-a Picot convention tawh kisai thu kikupkhawmna hong nei uh a, Weismman leh Sololow in Gaster kiangah Briatain kumpi in phalna hong pia ahih manin na zaa na tawpsan a, Weismann na awn ding hi ci-in phu uh hi. 6 Buckingham Gate ah 10 February 1917 in kimuhkhawmna hong nei kik uh a, tua khit London a phalbi lai-in mimuhkhawmna tam veipi a neih khit nungun makai hamzaw deuhte – Greenberg, Joseph Cowen leh Gaster ten a sepna uh uh hong tawpsan uh hi.

February Revolution ah Judahte kigolh hi ci-in Russia kumpi Tsar in Judahte huatna lianpi hong neih manin British kumpi in Judahte hehpihna hong nei thei hi. Nahum Sokolow pen Paris ah gamvai kihona leh nasepna lamsang, Ottoman Empire leh Entente vai ah Weizmann’ mit leh bil dingin kizang hi. Triple Entente sungah Arab-Armenian-Zionist kipawlkhop pen Weizmann adingin mang bang lel a, lawphuai lo hi. Ahih hangin hih sunga palai ten US ah Zionism hatsakna huhna ngen ding March 31, 1917 in US va zin uh hi.

Weizmann leh Balfour kilawmtatna theihna pen lai lamsang leh pilna lamsang kikupkhawmna panin hong piangkhia hi. Weizmann in April 1917 in British Prime Minister Lloyd George in Israelte a gupna ding leh Jewish State a gup theihna dingin a thuzawh zoh pen a lungdam dan kigen thei lo hi. US President in a nusiat khit ni zingsang lian in Lloyd George in zing an nekpih dingin Weizmann cial a, Judahte a gupna ding thu leh Arabte sangin Judah ten Britainte’ huhna lianzaw ngah ding hi ci-in kamciamna nei hi.

A kimuhkhawmna uh-ah “International Control”, “Russian Revolution” leh USte Palestine gamah a kigolhna thute uh kikupkhawmna nei uh hi. April 18 in Weizmann in Carson kimuhpih a, April 20 in Downing Street ah Conservatives-te kimupih leuleu hi. Philip Kerr’ huhna in hih Judahte buaina thu tawh kisai War Cabinet ah “the Agenda” ci-in manlang takin a kigenna dingin kikoih hi.

June 15, 1917 in Board of Deputies tuk a, Weizmann in deputies kici khempeuh a kitawpna thu uh thei khia hi. Russian Revolution hangin East London ah Judah mi 20,000 hong galtai ten gal lungsim a paai bangun Weizmann in gal lungsim paai lo hi. Tua ahih manin a lawmte Cadetism cih natna bang a nei Zionist Revisionist idea of ‘Jingo’ Jabotinsky kici ngaihsutna neite thuzawh zo hi. Weizman in Jewish regiment kici galkap ding a kibawl khiat ding a langpang manin BPC panin Israel Sieff kitawp a, Leon Simon zong ZPC (Zionist Political Committee) panin kitawp hi.

31 October 1917 in British Zionist Federation president dingin Weizmann hong cing a, Arthur Balfour tawh nasem khawm in, Balfour Declaration mualsuang phut khiatna dingin mapang khawm uh hi. Belfour Declaration sungah: “British Kumpi in Palestine gamah Judahte gam ding a kibawl khiat ding deih a, tangpi tangta leh biakna lamah Judah mi a hilo ten ten zong gamdang khempeuhte’ suahtakna bang a neih theihna dingin November 2, 1917 in thukimpihna pia hi,” cih kituangsak hi.

Synthetic Zionism phuankhia ahihna tawh Weizmann in gam khat leh gam khat kikal-a ulian lianpipite nasepna ding leh gamkeek beisakna ding thute gup bel in nei hi. A kipat cil in centrist General Zionists kicite a pawl bawl hangin a khua nungin Labour Zionism (Left kicite) leh Revisionist Zionism (Right kicite) gum nawn lo a, 1917 in Zionism a upzia hih bangin gen hi: “Russia gamah gentheihna a thuakna hangun Judahte suahtakna ding a do Zionist movement kici om lo a, leitung mun tuamtuam koimah ah zong om lo hi. Judahte gentheihna leh kibawlsiatna hangin Zionism hong piang khia lo a, Zionism pen Judah mite ading gam khat deihna leh pian’na ding, gam khatah a nuntak theihna ding bekin hong piangkhia hi,” ci-in gen hi.

Weizmann pen a mi pianzia limlim tuam ngiat ahih leitung mun tuamtuam a Judahte adingin nawngkaina lianpi suak a, a lawmte leh British Zionist kicite tawh zong a mizia uh kibang lo hi. EZF Executive Council ah zong President len a, Harry Cohen in zong langpang in, London palai (delegates) ten zong censure motion a bawl khum hangin Weizmann in Jewish regiment mawhpaih nuam tuan lo hi. August, 1917 in Weizmann in a lawmte tawh a phuankhiat EZF leh ZPC tawpsan hi. Leon Simon in a hanciamna a tawpsan lohna dingin kunh a, Sept. 4, 1917 kimuhkhawmna uh-ah mi tampi in Weizmann a langpan’ hangin a neu cil a kipanin a lawm Ahad Ha’am in Weizmann gupna laikhak tampi kikhakte pia in, “Mi tampi in Zionism ciamtehna (symbol) bangin hong ngaihsun uh hi ci hi. A kitelsiam lohna uh beisakna dingin Bloomsbury ah Sokolow, Sieff, Marks, Simon, Ahad Ha’am leh Sacher tawh kamkupkhawmna nei uh hi.

Zionists kici ten ko pen Sokolow leh Weizmann leh Sykes tawh kipawl in, kizopna nei hi ung ci uh hi. Ahih hangin Sacher in Zionsim a kilangpan’na dingin British Foreign Secretary kiangah draft a gelhphatna dingin kimuhpih hi. Pawl khat leuleu in British kumpi pen Judahte langpang hi ci-in ngaihsutna nei uh hi. Edwin Montagu in Zionismte gum lo a, ahih hangin Samuel leh Lloyd George in Zionism gum uh hi. Montagu in Palestine gam pen ten’tak lo a, Judahte teng leh Arabte tawh kihelhgawp ding uh a, British Liberalism ngaihsutna dausak ding hi cih ngaihsutna nei hi.

Belfour Memorandum ah minam kihuatna a pian’ ding khualna in Judahte gam bawl ding hi cih tuang lian lo hi. Weizmann pen 1917 in Ministry of Supply ah zaa lian len khat hi a, 1918 in Turkey tawh kilemna a sim in bawl sawm a, ahih hangin ama’n Zionist-te deihna tawh tua kituak lo hi cih ngaihsutna a neih hangin Galpi Khatna hun sot sauna dingin gamtang hi ci-in kingawh hi. Oct. 4 War Cabinet meeting kinei a, Lloyd George in makaih in Balfour zong kihel hi. Tua ah Curzon in Palestine gam pen bangmah pian’ khiat lohna, mun simtham hi ci-in Judahte ten’na dingin deihpih lo hi.

Third Memo (ciamtehna) ah Montagu in Weizmann pen biakna uuk lua in a haipih liangmi hi ci-in ngawh hi. Motagu in minam ten’khopna in minam dangte haizanna/kibatsakna (assimilation) piangsak hi cih a um pawl ahih manin ama’ pan’na pen kiliahkhuhsak bangin ngaihsun hi. Montagu pen tua hun in India Secretary len hi a, Asquith tung panin Liberalism sin ahih manin thu kinial siam mahmah a, Zionism langpang tangtang hi. Mikangte ahih hangin Judah mi ahi hi.

Zionists, non-Zionists leh Curzonte memo (ciamtehna) thumna hun in kimuhkhawmna Oct. 31, 1917 in hong nei uh hi. War Cabinet in Jewish Britonte tung panin satna lianpi kituak hi ci-in Montagu in gelh hi. Curzon’ memo sungah Judahmi ahi lo ten zong Palestine gamah civil rights a neih ding uh hi ci hi. 1932 in in leitung bupah Judah mi million 12 om a, Palestine mi 365,000 om hi. Cabinet ministers ten German ten Zionist kimawlna in zang hi ci-in lunghimawhna lianpi nei uh hi. German ten Zionist ukna nei le uh Turkeyte’ gupna ngah pah ding uh a, tua hi leh Bolshevik/Kerensky’ government tuk ding hi cih lau uh hi.

Curzon in bel British Kumpi hanthawn in, Judahte a tamzaw Zionist ngaihsutna deih in, nei uh ahih manin a tamzaw deihna paipih ding hoih hi ci hi. Weizmann pen Great Britain gam adingin citak mahmah hi ci-in gen beh hi. German ten Zionist-te kimuh hi ci-in Weizmann in William Ormby-Gore kiangah gen hi. Ahih hangin British ten Palestine-te lom peemna thu tuat khial in, German ten Turkey a ukna thupi sim lua leuleu uh hi. Turkey ten peemtate kham zo lo uh hi. Skyes in Declaration lawhcing hi ci-in Weizmann va ko samsam hi. Entente ci-a kipawlkhawm ten a kamciamna bangun Sharif Husein leh Weizmann tungah tangtungsak uh hi. Ahih hangin Arabte kiphinna (Arab Revolt) hangin thu lianpi hong nawngkaisak a, Turkeyte tatsiatna Weizmann bil ah lut ngei lo a, British ten zong na zasak ngei beek lo uh hi.

Sykes in Entente thu gen bel in nei a: “Zionism, Armenianism leh Arabiate suahtakna dingin kamciamna nei ung ci hi. December 2 in Zionists ten Declaration pen tangtung ta hi ci-in Opera House ah pawi kham uh a, Russian/Bolshevik Revolution thu hong kiza a, Russiate Turkey gamgi panin kinung kik uh a, tua in Constantinople adingin patauhna piangsak hi cih thu kiza hi. December 11 in Allenby in Turkey galkapte nawk a, Alenby Jerusalem sungah lut in Turkey galkapte va zo gawp hi. January 9, 1918 in Turkey in a leibat $ 2 billion a piak ding a lohna ding huhna in a galkapte khempeuh Hejaz panin kihem khiasak hi.

Weizmann in July 1917 in Turkey tawh kilem theihna ding piang nawn lo hi ci hi. Ahih hangin Palestine kiim-ah muanna leh daihna a om theihna dingin Llyod in Turkey tawh kilemna deih a, Turkey tawh kilemna a tuam in neih ding hoih sa hi. Weizmann in leitung mun tuamtuam-a Judahte – Britain, France leh Italy gam-a Judahte gupna hong ngah ta hi. Weizmann in Balfour Declaration pen 1948 ma-in Zionist-te ngahte lak panin a ciamteh tham pen hi ci-in ngaihsun hi. Balfour Declaration leh tua khit nunga dan/thukham/ngeina (legislation) kibawlte – 3 June 1922 kum-a Churchill White Paper leh Palestine gam bawlna dingin League of Nations Mandate for Palestine kicite pen Zionist movement-te ngahnte lak panin a lamdang lawhcin’na hi ci-in ngaihsutna nei hi.

ARABTE TAWH TEN’KHAWMNA (Settlement with the Arabs): 3 January 1919 in Israel pen thukham tawh kituak in Judah gam a suah theihna dingin Weizmann in Hashemite Prince Faisal kimuhpih a, Faisal-Weizmann Agreement kici thukimna suai kaihpih hi. January kha bei kuan in Galpi Nihna kilemna khawmpi Paris – Peace Conference kici ah Ottoman Empire sunga Arab provinces khempeuhte pen uk khumna (mandated-system) bangin a omna dingin thukimna hong nei mawk uh hi. Weizmann in hih khawmpi ah, “Zionist-te ngimna pen England gam English-te gam ahih bangin Palestine gam pen Judah gam suaksak ding cih ahi hi,” ci-in gen hi. Tua khit in Hashemite Prince Faisal in zong thupulakna nei hi.

1920 in Weizmann in World Zionist Organization ah makaipi zaa hong len a, Berlin khuapi ah zong tua bang dan in kipawlna kahiang hong kibawl khia a, World Zionist Organization ah makaipi zaa nih vei (1920–31, 1935–46) len hi. Palestine ah Judahte omna hangin buaina hong piang kawikawi a, a sawt loin kitualvatna (riots) hong piang hi. Weismann in Britain gum in, a cihtakna khahsuah lo a, buaina piangsakte pen khualmial sunga thagum zangte hi ci-in mawhpaih sawm den hi. British Imperial liberalism in Frenchte hanga buaina piang hi ci-in France ngawh den pong hi. Zionists ten Britain gam ki-ukna ah minam kideidan’na om a, tua pen police ten dal zo lo hi cih ngaihsutna hong nei pan ta uh hi.

1921 in Weizmann in Albert Einstein tonpih in, Jerusalem ah Hebrew University bawlna dingin pawlpi sum don’na leh huh ngetna (fund-raiser) va nei uh hi. Hih thu hangin khan’tohna leh gamvai lamsang ah Brandeis tawh kituah lohna lianpi leh Europe leh US a Zionist-te mailam hun ding muhkholhna (visions) kibat lohna lianpi hong piang hi. Galpi Khatna hun lai-in Weizmann leh Ruterbegr’ kikal ah kitelsiam lohna a om hangin Weimann in Rotenberg in British kumpi tung panin Palestine mite ading gupna a genna gum hi. Galpi Khatna hun lai-in Brandeis in Zionist Organization of America cih min zangin Europe leh Palestine gam-a Judahte adingin huhna sum ngen in vak hi.

October 1914 in American Jewish Committee leh WZO banga nasem Provisional Executive Committee for General Zionist Affairs len Shiff tung panin sum leh huhna van tuamtuam a piakte uh Jaffa teembaw kingakna ah USS North Carolina teembaw in hong pua hi. Weizmann in Zionist makai zaa len lai ahih manin kitelsiam lohna nengneng Loius Brandeis’ Movement kicite kikal ah hong piang a, Brandeis pen Brandeis’s Movement panin kitawp a, Brandeis’s Movement hong dau mahmah a, Bandeis’ makai lai-in member mi 200,000 panin 1929 in ZOA member 18,000 in kiamsuk zo hi.

Brandeis leh Weizmann kitelsiam lohna vai leh Zionist-te vision kitukalhna vai-ah 1930 in Brandeis’ ngaihsutna hong gualzo zaw pian in, kitelsiamna khat hong piang thei a, ZOA ten makaihna zaa hong lenzo zaw kik uh hi. American Judahte ngaihsutna pen Zionist gup ding leh Palestine gamah Frenchte omsakna ding hi ci-in Weizmann in British cabinet ten a guppihna dingun thuzawh zo hi. British kumpi in Suez Canal a lunggulhna leh Galpi Nihna hunin Judahte a kilomthahna (Holocust) hangin British kumpi in Judahte a gupna ding lampi hong kihong thei hi.

PALESTINE GAMAH JUDAHTE HONG PEEMNA HANGIN BUAINA: Palestine gamah Judah peem ding leh gambeel ding zah pen British kumpi in ciangtan zah nei se hi. Weizmann in hih thu a thukimpih hangin hih thu hangin Nazite hatna hong piangsak ding hi cih na sim lauh mahmah hi. 1933 panin kum khat ta halin Palestine gamah Judahte a peem lut pen 50% in hong khang hi. Hih thu hangin Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonalds in White Paper (official report) bawl in sum leh paii (economic) zonna lamsang thu pansan in Arabte leh Judahte kituahna ding a vaihawm hangin phattuam mel zo lo hi.

1936 in Weizmann in Peel Commission (Conservative Prime Minister thak Stanley Baldwin’ bawl) ah a thugenna ah: “Palestine gamah Judahte a ten’ theihna ding pen British Mandate of Palestine tavuan hi ci-in gen hi”. 25 November 1936 in Peel Commission mai-ah Weizmann in Europe ah Judahte mi 6,000,000 om a, leitung pen gam tuamtuam in kikhen a, pawl khatah Judahte lut thei loin ten’na ding nei lo uh hi ci hi.

Weizmann’ thugen Peel Commission in a report ah suaksak a, Palestine gam pen khen nih suah ding hi ci-in thukimna a piak hangin British kumpi in thukimpih lo hi. Tua hun lai takin Judahte makai lian nih – Weizmann leh Ben-Gurion in Peel Commission thukimna pen thukhupna hi lo a, kamkupna leh kihona piang thei lai dingin ci-in Zionist Congress in a thukimpihna dingin thuzawh zo uh hi. Hih pen kumpi theihpihna (official) tawh Arabte a tawmzaw leh Judahte a tamzaw in gam (State) khat sungah a ten’khopna ding thu Zionist-te vision a kipulak khiat masakna pen ahi hi. Ahih hangin hih bang geelna pen Haj Amin al-Husseini makaihna tawh Arab makai ten nial in, thukimpih lo uh hi.

Weizmann in a autobiography sungah Kidopi Khatna leh Nihna kikal hun sungin leitung bup Zionist movement ten Jerusalem ah Judahte a lom in a ten’na dingun na thuzawh zo lo uh ahih manin hih thu hangin Palestine gam pen gam nih in a kikhenna ding lawhsam hi ci-in lim takin na ciamteh hi. Palestine gam khenna dingin thukimna (Partion deal) 1936 in a kigen hangin 1948 in hong piang khia zo pan a, hong lawhcing zo hi. Weizmann in a autobiography sungah Zionist movement ten British Mandate (Galpi Khatna ah gualzawhna hangin Palestine gam Britain in a ukna dingi tavuan a kipiakna) hun hoih sungin a kicingin na nasem lo uh hi ci hi.

GALPI NIHNA: Galpi khatna hong kipat 1939 cil in Weizmann pen ‘Honorary adviser to the Ministry of Supply’ len dingin kiseh ahih manin politics lamsang a siamna zangin huhna vante hawm khiatna ding buai hun sungin limtakin hun lem ngah thei hi. British cabinet-te thuhoih hilhna pia (advise) ding leh Prime Minister tungah thuhoih leh a gamtat dingzia hilhna pia dingin kisam mun mahmah hi.

Weizmann in Palestine leh Germany kidona hangin Judah khempeuh khentuam leh koihtuam ding a hanciamna hangin British Army sungah Jewish Brigade hong piang thei a, tuate Italy ah galdo dingin kikuansak hi. Galpi Nihna hong ven’ khit ciangin Palestine gamah thagumsuahna leh dipkuatna piangsak ‘Revisionist fraction’ (Right kicite) kicite’ nungzuite hangin kitualvatna leh ngongtatna nasia takin hong khang a, Weizmann in Zionist movement ah a thuneihna nakpi takin kiam ahih manin a thuneihna (British) Mandate Palestine pua lam bekah om hi.

1942 in US President Roosevelt in buangnai bawltawm (synthetic rubber) bawlna vai buaina hangin Weizmann kimuhpih dingin cial hi. Weizmann in vaimim (maize) panin butyl alcohol bawl khiat ding dan, tua pen butylenes suaksak a, tua khit teh butadiene suahsak kikzia ding a ngimna genpih a, butadiene panin rubber kipiangsak thei hi cih gen hi. Weizmann in hih a sawmna (proposal) pen oil company ten dal uh hi ci-in a autobiography sungah ciamteh hi.

JUDAHTE A KILOMTHAHNA (The Holocaust): 1939 in St. James Palace ah khawmpi (conference) kinei a, May 1939 in British kumpi in White Paper bawl in, tua-ah Jewish Home Land ah khualzin leh a hawhte om theihna hun ciangtansak hi. Kidopi Nihna hong kipat cil in Jewish Agency in British ten Nazi Germany a dona ah a gupna thu puangin, kiciamna nei uh hi. British Army sungah Jewish Brigage hong phuankhia uh a, ahih hangin a lawhcingna dingin kum tampi kivei hi. May 1942 in Zionists ten US gam-a Biltmore Hotel, New York khuapi ah kimukhawmna nei uh a, hih hunah Weizmann in Palestine gamah Judahte a lomlom in a peemna ding uh a ngimna thu pulak hi. Hih bang a om pian theihna ding Jewish Commonwealth kici bawl khiat ding kisam a, a khuanung in Winston Churchill in bawl dingin thukimna pia hi.

Weizmann in Nov. 4, 1944 in Churchill kimuhpih a, Palestine maban ding manlang takin a kigenna ding poimawh hi ci hi. Churchill in White Paper bawl in, Palestine panin Israel khenkhiat ding thukimpih a, Judah ten Negev desert (leikeuna gam) zong a luahna dingin thukimna pia hi (tua hunin bel kuamah teng nai lo hi). Ahih hangin Churchill in British Governor of Palestine len Lord Moyne a kimuhpih a, Lord Moyne in kum nih sungin Churchill in a lungsim a laihna hangin lamdangsa mahmah hi. A kimuh khit uh ni 11 nung in Lord Moyne in November 1944 in Judahte Palestine ah a peemna thu a langpan’na hangin kithat ahih manin Judahte Palestine gamah a peemna leh gambeel dinga a paina (immigration) vai uh kidin’khawlsak hi.

Weizmann in American Judahte tungah $ 3.5 million piak ding leh a kihumbitna dingin a ciam British kumpi in pia nuam lo a, Judah mi 70,000 a peem theihna ding leh mi khat tungah $ 50 bek British kumpi in pia hi (a tamzawte pen Hungary gam-a Judahte ahi hi). Hungary gam-a Judahte million 1 leh niangteh, coffee, cocoa leh satpiang (soap) pua mawtaw (trucks) 10,000 puak khiat ding a deih leh a tangkopih Jewish actist Joel Brand kici May 1944 in British kumpi in man hi. July 1944 in Weizmann in Joel Brand a kikhah khiatna ding a va nget hangin British ten nolh hi. Tua khit in gambeel (migrants) khempeuh a kikhah khiatna dingin Dr. Rezso leh Eichmann in British kumpi tawh kimaituah in kihona (direct negotiation) a neih hangun khut hawm tawh ciah kik leuleu uh hi.

Weizmann zong om khong thei nawn loin Nazi ten Judahte a khumna uh ‘Death Camps” kicite bomb khiatna ding a ngetna hangin British kumpi in lauhuai lua a, technical lamsang haksatna om hi cihsan hi. September 20, 1945 in Weizmann in official documents masa pen British, USA, France leh Soviets gamte kiangah pia a, Judah mite van kisuhsakte a kiloh kikna ding, a kihumbitna ding, goluah ding neilote Nazite’ khutlum thuakte tungah a kipiakna dingin ngen hi. Galpi Nihna sungin Nazi ten Judahte million 6-11 kikal that uh hi.

December 9, 1946 in Basle khua ah Zionist Congress nunung pen-a Presidential thugenna hunah Weizmann in, “Judahte hangsanna leh martyr a i sihna pen a mawkna in mangthang lo ding a, Zionism in hangsan takin i sihna a beina kipatna piangsak ding a, i nuntak theihna dingin lampi thak kipatna ah hong lutpihta ding hi,” ci-in gen hi.

ISRAEL PRESIDENT MSA PEN A LETNA (17 February 1949 – 9 November 1952):

2 July 1948 in Syria leitang panin tai (miles) 5 bek-a gamla Syrian Heights maingat ding leh Jordan Tuipi encik dingin Kibbutz thak kiphuankhia hi. Kibbutz galkap ten KibbutzMishmar Ha-Yarden kicihna la uh a, hih Kibbutz thak min pen Kfar Ha-Nasi ((President’s Village) kici hi.

Weizmann in Mapai kicite party adingin president tutna tuh a, Revisionist Party ten president tuh dingin Prof. Joseph Klausner guang uh hi. Herut MK (Member of Knesset) Aryeh Ben-Eliezer in Klausner gum in, Klauser’ sik leh tangin pau a, Klauser tawh kipawlna pen maizumna ding om lo hi a cih manin mi pawl khat in Fascist hi ci-in kikokhum (booed) in, Italyte’ makai Mussolini’ nungzui hi cih san uh hi. Vote (mee) 85 panin Weizmann in vote 15 ngah a, 24 February 1949 in Weizmann in President ahihna tawh Prime Minister Ben-Gurion in kumpi a bawlna dingin ap hi. Isreal parliament Knesset ah a kipawlkhawm (coalition government) kibawl a, tuate lakah Mapai 46, Arab Democratic List of Nazareth 2, United Religious Front 16, Progressive Party 5, Sephardi List 4 kihel hi.

Mapam pen socialist party hi a, Mapai tawh a kipawl hangin biakna langpang (anti-religious) ahih man un coalition government sungah kihel lo uh hi. 2 November 1949 pen Balfour Declaration a kibawlni (anniversary) ahih manin Daniel Sieff Institute kici kibawlpha in, kikeeklet beh a, a min dingin Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS) ci-in kilaih hi. WIS pen leitung bupah minthang mahmah a, scientist tampi kah in, leitung mun tuamtuam-a gamdang a saltang leh peemtate kahna mun hong suak hi. 1949 in WIS ah research bawl mi 20 pha a, tua khit kum 20 in researcher bawl mi 400 leh sangnaupang 500 pha hi. Weizmann in United States President Harry Truman kimuhpih a, USte’ huhna ding ngen in, peemta vai kikupkhawmna nei uh a, tua State of Israel kici Israel gam a kibawlkhiatna ding kikumkhawm uh hi.

Weizman pen Rehovot ah teng a, hih munah Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion tawh kimu mun mahmah uh a, a kimuh ciangun a huan sungah kamkupna nei khawm den uh hi. Weizman in a lametna bangin politics lamsangah zaa lian a letna dingin Left (Labour Zionist kicite) ten na dal den uh ahih manin Weizmann Institute ah a lawhcin’na tawh kihehnem in tha kipia hi. 9 November 1952 in Weizman si a, Rehovot ah kivui hi. Israel gam hong piangkhiat ma pekin Weizmann pen gam itpa ci-in kiciamteh khin zo hi. Academicians ten Weismann nasepna a thukhenna leh a ciamtehna uh-ah: “Gentile mite adingin Judahte palai lianpen hi,” ci uh hi.

SCIENCE LAMSANG A NASEP HUN: University of Geneva, Switzerland ah Chemistry lecturer 1901 – 1903 sem a, tua khit in University of Manchester ah lecturer sem kik hi. Lungno a thu a bawlna/ muatsakna/ uihsakna (bacterial fermentation) panin na (substances) tuamtuam a kideihzah tampi bawl khiatna ding a muhkhiatna hangin Mancherter University ah lecturer a sep lai-in 1910 in British kumpi in gammi hihna pia hi. A na thak muhkhiatna hangin Weizmann pen “father of industrial fermentation” ci-in kiciamteh hi. Weizmann in Acetone bawlna dingin bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum (Weizmann organism zong a kici) zang hi. Acetone pen cordite explosive propellants kici bomb kapkhiatna dingin kizang a, hih pen Allied (Galpi lai-in Russia, Britain, France leh a pawlte) ten galdona dingin nak zat mahmah uh hi. Weizmann in a bawlkhiat “acetone” pen British kumpi tungah a cihtakna lahna Commercial Solvents Corporation ten a bawl theihna dingin apkhia hi.

Weizmann in acetone a bawlna thu amasa penin Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill in 1915 in thei a, tua khit in galvan lamsangzaa len David Lloyd George in thei kik in, Churchil tawh a nih un Weizmann kiangah acetone tampi a bawlna dingin tha pia uh hi. Acetone bawlna dingin Pilot plant development of laboratory 1915 in J&W Nicholson & Co gin factory, Bow, London ah kibawl a, 1916 panin Acetone bawlna ding British distilleries guk kibawl zo hi. Galpi Masa hun sungin acetone ton 30,000 (300,000*1000 kgs) kibawl khia zo a, acetone bawlna dingin vaimim kicing zo lo ahih manin sakol-bea (horse-chestnuts) kizang hi. Weizmann in acetone bawlkhiat dingzia a muhkhiatna hangin British kumpi’ maipha nakpi takin ngah in, senior cabinet ah sepna hong ngah a, tua a kipanin Zionist-te ngimna leh deihna tangtun’sakna ding hong hanciam thei hi.

Kidopi Khatna in Shell Crisis kici thubuai 1915 hong pian’khiatna hangin British Admiralty laboratory director dingin 1916-1919 sung Weizmann kiseh hi. April 1918 in Jewish Commission pian’khiat ma-in Britishte galdona dingin a kisam mahmah a kimu mengmeng lo leisung sumpiang (rare substance mineral) Si Tuipi (Dead Sea) ah zong dingin Palestine gamah Weizmann va zin hi. Weizmann pen British Liberalism a uukna hangin Prime Minister Lloyd George’ deihsakna ngah a, Ministry of Munitions zaa hong len kha in, British kumpi’ Imperial Chemicals adingin sum vai leh van bawlna (industry) ah thukimna (deal) tampi a pian’khiatsak zawhna hangin Zionist-te ten’na ding lampi a sial theihna lampi hong suak hi.

Weizmann in scientific research a kibawl theihna dingin a ten’na khua Rehovot ah a inn kiangah gam khat research bawlna dingin phuankhia hi. Weizmann in science hangin Rehovot kiim ah kilemna leh cihtheihna/hausakna piang ding hi cih upna lianpi nei hi. Lungkia loin a hanciamna hangin 1934 in Daniel Sieff Research Institute kiphuankhia hi (hih pen a bawlna dingin Israel Sieff in a tapa phawkna dingin sum tampi tawh huhna a piak ahi hi). Weizmann in hih institute ah laboratory bawl in research nasia takin bawl a, a research bawl a tamzaw pen organic Chemistry lamsang ahi hi. Weizmann in hih institute ah director len dingin Nobel Prize ngah Fritz Haber seh a, Fritz Haber’ sih khit nungin ama’n director len hi.

Galpi Nihna hun sungin British Ministry of Supply ah honorary adviser len a, synthetic rubber leh high-octane gasoline bawl dingzia research nasia takin bawl hi. Kidopi Nihna hong bei in Palestine gam ah Arab-Judahte teen’khawmna thu buaina lian lua ahih manin Jewish Agency makaipi dingin British kumpi in seh hi. 1949 in Sieff Institute pen Sieff leh a innkuanpihte thukimna tawh Weizmann zahtakna lahna dingin a min dingin Weizmann Institute of Science ci-in kilaih hi. Weizmann pen scientist ahihna tawh a nespna lawhcing mahmah a, tua banah ama phuatkhiat Institute a lawhcing mahmahna hangin tu dongin Israeli scientific community adingin mi ciamteh tham ahih banah a min kimangngilh lo hi.

“1945 REVENGE OPERATION” AH KIHEL CI-IN A KINGAWHNA THU

Galpi Nihna hong bei ciangin Judah kipawlna khat in Nazi ten galpi hun sungin Judahte a lom thahna (holocaust) hangin Germante tungah phuba lak a, Germante lom thah ding hi ci-in Nakam kici kipawlna hong phuankhia uh hi. Nakam kicite makaipa pen Lithuana gammi, thu khat peuh hang leh minam khat gupna hangin a thunung ah bang piang ding hiam cih ngaihsutna mel nei lo-a gamtang mi (partisan) Abba Kovner ahi hi. Abba Kovner in Weizmann in World Zionist Organization ah President a let lai-in ka kimuhpih a, Weizmann in sihna gu (poison) tawh mi thahna ding zatui (chemist) hong piakna ding leh hong leisakna ding ka kikuppih hi ci hi.

Ahih hangin hih tangthu lim tak-a theitel ten Abba Kovner in Weizmann’ kiangah Germante tui lakna ah tua gu tawh kibawl zatui khia in Germante million tampi a thah sawmna thu gen loin Nazi galkap SS membe kici, Allied pawlte’ salmatte kikhumna thonginn “Allied POW camps” kicihna munah omte a thah sawmna thu genpih hi ci uh hi. Abba Kovner in a sawmna April 1946 in Stalag ah hih takpi hi. Abba Kovner’ thugenna bangin Weizmann tung panin Germante million tampi a thahna dingin gu tawh kibawl zatui a leina ding vai thu 1998 in Nakam makai Yulik Harmatz in Abba Kovner’ gen bangin hong pholakkhia kik leuleu hi.

Ahih hangin Abba Kovner leh Weizmann in hih vai sawmna tawh kimuhkhawmna nei uh hi cih thuman tawh lahna ding (evidence) tu dong kimu lo ahih manin khangthu gelh leh ciamtehte (historians) ten kimuhkhawmna nei uh cih um zo lo uh hi. Abba Kovner tangthu gelh (biographer) Dina Porat in Abba Kovner in Weizmann a kimuhpih hi a cih hun in Weizmann pen Palestine gamah om lo a, Abba Kovner in 1946 kum bul in bel Weizmann kimuhpih kha ding hi ci-in gelh hi. Zolai tawh a teikhia: Thang Khan Lian Source: Wikipedia “Chaim Weizmann”