I. Name of the project: The name of the project is “Reforestation in Chin State.
II. Project background history: It is believed that our ancestors moved to the hills (Now called Chin Hills) from the Kalay-Kabaw valley in AD 1400. Traditional slash and burn shifting cultivation was practiced ever since then. Because of the slope terrain, surface runoff (Rain) carried away the humus/top soil of the field and the field became a fallow land within 3 to 4 years. There fore they needed to find a new field. The growing population and the passing time depleted vegetations and trees. Tuma kum 30 laipawl-in, “Singgai” zon’na dingin ih singkung tampi ih phukma’ang zohi. Tua ban-ah, tu-in singkung sangdawn aom, palpipak namkhat, Sen gamah kizuakthei cihthu ihtheih ciangin, sum zonna dingin, singkung sangteng phuk-in, palpipak ih kaikhawm leuleu hi. Nowadays there is no more virgin forest in Chin State. The land becomes barren and rugged.
Singkung lopa omnawnlo ahih manin, gamlak ganhing, vasateng bei mangta hi. Leitung Galpi II maa bangin, Phatzang (Stockade III) kim-ah Sahang (Tiger) atam dan, Nelson Tonu’ “Rough Roads, Good Life” a laibu at sungah, “Immediately we began a steep ascent climbing 1200 ft in 6 miles to an altitude of 3900 ft. Later we learned this particular 6 mile stretch held a large number of tigers.” Palpi pak atam dan “Orchids covered the mountain wall and trees along the path. Calla lilies bloomed and flourished at Fort White, a cold spot, where we spent the next night” ci-in na ciamteh hi. Khamtung gam ahoihdan, {Lord Mountbatten enjoyed his trip and noted that “the scenery is incredibly beautiful and although it takes an average 10 solid hour of driving to get from Imphal to Tiddim every moment of it was really thrilling”} ci’n Kelly’s Burma Campaign sungah na kiciamteh hi.
Ih pu ihpa te’n singkung suan’ na hahkat uh hiam? cih ciaptehna ih neihloh hangin, Guite–in Thei kung, Haai kung, Paang kung suan’ na-hahkat uhhi cih, 1st Chin State Council Chairman asem Pu Kap Cung Nung (Lt.Col. Retd) in genbel in neihi kici hi. Sakollam veng tu a, Pu Suan Do (Lt.Col Retd) innmun apo Paangpi (Late 50s kiim a kiphuk hi-in um ing) bang, Tuimui khau ateng Pu Mang Cin Pau’ pi’ suanhi kici hi. Sangmangte leh Mangkaang Vuandok te’n Mangtak kung hongsuan uha, bang kum hiam? khat lai-in Kawl te’n Mangtak kung aluang, abiak uh milim pasian bawl na’ngin hoih mahmah ahih manin, deih mahmah uha, pi khat asau (1 ft) bang Ks 10000.00 bangin leihi cih zuauthu hongging a, Sangmang huangsung ateng leh Vuandok inn (quarter) mai a, akung golpi pen kiphuk maang pah hi.
1960 kiim pawl-in Lawibual veng khangno te’n, Lawibual Primary School sak lamdungah, Eucalyptus kung suanphei diudeu uha, suum (Mortar) aa suihtheih ding ciacia phata himah leh, 1990 kiimpawl ciangin tua muntengah Sipintaya te’n Ye (Bazaar) lamding ci-in kiphuk mangleuleu hi.
1967 kumin, Zangkong Zomi Siamsin Taangsum (Rangoon University) kipawlna maikaite leh Zangkong pan hong ciahpak Pu Khup Za Cin hanciam natawh, Tedim khua khangno teng hong hansuahin, lamdung tengah Phuitong kung kisuan zihziah hi. Pu Khup Za Cin in vok tuk 4 gual khat go-in, voksa taangciim tawh vakhi. Tua Phuitongte lak-ah, Laito zum lui (Old post office) kiang a tegel a kiphuk nunung pen hikha ding hi.
1971 kiim pawl-in Lawibual khangnote hanciam natawh, Maymyo khua pan, Silver Oak, Eucalyptus, Seinpanpya / Seinpanni, Mangtak cihte singkung hoihnono tampi la-in, lamdung tengah kisuan leuleu hi. Zato luikawi Dr. Kam Cin Dal innmai a Silver Oak bek, a kiphuk nai keileh asuaktalai hiding hi. Tua khit akipan mipi hanciam natawh Singno suan cih aom pha nawnlo hi.
III. Singkung a thupit nathu (The importance of trees)
Mihing te’n ih sa’nkhiat huu (Carbon dioxide), mawtaw, set tuamtuam te’n a san’khiat meikhu (Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide) teng singkungin anhuan nangin na’ zanga, mihing ten’ ih nuntak nang’a ihdik Oxygen in hong piangsak kik hi. Cina gim mahmah a sidek takte, Oxygen kidik sakhi. Mihing khat-in kha khat sunga, a sa’nkhiat huu (CO2) teng ihdiik kikding Oxygen a suaksak kikding in, singkung gol 4 kisam hi. Singkung omlo-in mihing ganhingte ki nungta theilo hi. Mimal khat ciat-in, ih NAULUAI (Cradle) dinga kipan ih HANKUANG (Coffin) bawl nading ciang singkung ih kisam hi.
Tu-in ih Ciktuite, lui neute kang’ zota hi. Ih Meitei Gunpi nangawn akang dekdek phial hita hi. Bang hang aitam? Singkung lopa te’n, aomngei nailo ciktui phulsak theisam lohi. A hihhang guah hongzuk ciangin, thakhat-in hawktui a, aluanloh nadingin, nakhaam a, guahtui-in leisungah tampi natum manhi. Sing zungte, lopa zung te’n guahtui na khol a, damdamin khahkhia kik ahihmanin, a kanggeilo ciktui (Perennial spring) piangsak hi.
Singkung ankung, anteh theipuam, a piangsak leihoih (Humus/Top soil) teng, hawktui-in tai mangta, Kawlzang lam puaksuk mangta, Khamtungah an kikham nawn lo. Singkung lopa om nawnlo ahih manin guah azuk ciangin, thakhat-in hawk-in (As surface runoff) luang a, leihoih teng tai mangpah hi. Huih nangawn-in mut mangta hi. The early 1970s ciangciang Akluai taam sung mawtaw lamphungte bang, en leng, 8” to 12” bang leihoih avom (Humus) lukhu khu bangin khu neunau hi. A Taampi sungbang ih khe tawh ih sikna mun akiim, pi khat patle (Radius 1 ft perimeter) bang ling nuahnuah zawzen hi. Tu’n tua humus te a omlai hiam?
Rangoon Unicef, Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Section, ah Project Assistance kasepsung, Tonzang Township Cikha khua pan Thantlang Township Maungtlang khua ciang, khua tampi kazin kawikawina sungah, pu’ pa’ ngeina logam singhalh hawidan/kepdan Sihzang kual etteh huai pen kasa hi.
IV. Project tupna leh ngimna (Project aim & object): Leitung khuahun satluatna khaam nang. Gamlak ganhing, vasate leh singkung lopate kep cing nading. To control Global Warming. To preserve wild life and forest.
Global Warming hang a, a piang lauhuaina te: (Results of Global Warming)
1. Carbon Dioxide level Rise: Tuma kum 140 lai a kipan, leitung gammang tulakte kiphuk/hah-in, fossil fuel ki kangsak/hal den ahihmanin, tu-in lei mai tuam huih lak-ah, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) sehh awnkhat lak-ah sehh zakhat (100part per million) ciang phato tahi. Leitung bup satna (Temperature) in tuma kum 100 laisang’ 1F sazaw hi. Khuadam deuhna mun tampite ah, a satna akhang 1F sang tamzaw laihi. 1950 kum a kipan, huih lak-ah, carbon dioxide leh lei maitang satna hong khangvat phadeuh hi.
2. Oceans Warm, precipitation increase: Tuipi tui satna khang ahih manin, Bangladesh gam-ah, zavat natna (Cholera) khangsak hi. Guah tamluat na-in, buhlote tui-in tumcip a, mihingte puksih natna (Malnutrition) khang sak hi. A luahuai mahmah Huihpi (Hurricane) piangsak hi.
3. Glaciers Melt & Sea level rises: Tuikhal gunpite tui –in, tuipite ah hongluangsuk a, tuipi tui mahmah zong a satna khang ahih manin, hong pawm/gol (Expand) a, tuipi maitang san’na (Sea level) zong hongkhang tohi. Tuipi maitang sanga pi 8 (8 feet) a sangzaw Maldives gam ading-in patau huaita hi. Tuipi maitang sanna letmat 4 (4 inches) bek khangleh leitawlam tuipi sung aom tuikulh tampite tui-in atupding patau huai hi.
4. Ice melting, Permafrost thaws and Wildfire increase: Leilu lam aom Arctic tuipi atuamcip tuikhal te-in 1979 kum a kipan, kum 10 lom sialin 9% kiam den hi.
5. Lakes Shrink, Mountain streams run dry, droughts linger: Africa continent sungah guahzu lo den ahih manin, Africa continent sung a bual lian pen Chad in 1960 kum a pha cia sangin 10% neu zawta hi. Ih Rih li zong neu semsem ta hi. 1999 kum a kipan tuciang (2004) kum 5sung khuakeu, guah zulo ahih manin, U.S gam Leitawlam Nitumna ateng mi awn tampite tui leh hydroelectricity apia, Colorado gun tuibem (Colorado River Reservoir) alangbek dimlai (Half full) hi.
6. Spring arrives earlier and Autumn comes later, shorter Winter: 19 na kumza lom (19th century) sungin, bual tampite Nahkiat hun (Autumn/Fall) sungin tui khal hak zaw a, Singteh Non hun (Spring) in a tuikhalte tui baih zaw hi. U.S.A. gam aom Mendota bualpi-in, 1860 kum-in ni 119 sung tui khal a, 2004 kum-in, ni 80 sung bek tui khak hi. Finlang gam aom, Kallavesi bualpi-in, 1838 kum-in, ni 178 sung tui khal a, 1992 kun-in, ni 167 bek tui khal hi. Russia gam aom Baikal bualpi zong, 1873 kum-in, ni 128 sung tui khal a, 1992 kum-in, ni105 sung bek tui khal hi.
7. Plant flower sooner, plants shift: Thuamluak kiat hun tomzaw (Fewer days of frost) ahih manin, Switzerland gam Leitaw lam mualdawn aom, singkung suangkungte (Plants) mualdawn lam zuan-in kinto to-a, aom ngeilo lengla singkung/suangkung (Exotic plants) tezong, hong uilut (Invade) uhhi.
8. Migration times vary, birds nest earlier: 1980 kum-in, Africa gam pan Netherlands gamah bu tom ding a, alal lunggam no tawh kivak vasa namte, April kha 25 ni kim-in, vaitung butom in, lunggam note keuh huh ahi June kha ni 3 ni kim-in, vasa no keuh hi. 2000 kum ciangin, vasa honte April kha 25 ni kim mahin vaitung butom uh hih mahleh lunggam note May kha 15 ni, June kha ni 3ni sangin nipi 2 (2 weeks) val malep-in hong keuh baihzaw hi. Vasa note zong May kha 25 ni, June kha ni 3ni sang, nipi 1(one week) bang malep-in hong keuh sam hang, vasa no keuh huh leh a kivak nang’ lunggam note keuh huh kituak nawnlo ahih manin, vasa note puksi hi.
9. Gender gap: Sumkuang tuite (Turtles’ eggs) a op hun (Incubation) sung khua hun satna hong khan’na hangin, a paa (Male) sangin a nuu (Female) in tam keuh zaw hi cih sawtpi laipek in scientists te’n mu khiakhin zo hi. (National Geographic, September 2004)
10. Weather turning wild: 2004 kum, September kha sung bekbek-in, Atlantic tuipi nitumna lam aom gam pawl khat leh Ameica gam nisuahna lam aom gamke pawl khat, huihpi guahpi (Hurricane) in thumvei bang nawk a, mi tamsim a sih banah, inn leh lo, setzung kisia’ tam mahmah a, supna baina tampi om hi. 2005 kum August kha 29 ni-in Hurricane Katrina America gam Gulf Coast nawk a, khuapi New Orleans tui-in tum hi.
11. Hihbang dan a nidangtawh a kibangnawnlo, ih zogam-ah zong tampi omkhin ding hi. Sia Dim Lam Thangin ka neulai-in Kawlpi paiding zingsang khua vakmaa-in Tedim pan kadin’ uhleh Lawibual bualzang katun’ uhteh lingmin kung nuaipan Kamkei khat hongtaikhia ci hi. Tu hunin ih Zogamah Kamkeei (Leopard) aom lai diam?
12. Khamtung gamah nidangin ihzak ngei kholloh thu, tu kum 2005 kum khuakhal sungin mihing 3 gamin kaang lum hi.
13. Khamtungah khuahun man nawnlo, guah zuh leh lah tamlua, nisa leh lah uang sat lua. 2005 kum-in Tedim khua ah guah tamlua ahih man’in, Tedim khau laizang munkhat kiciim dingin pi khat (1 foot) bang kikeek-in, inn 5 bang ki om/teng’ ngam nawnlo hi.
V. Project hun (Project Period): Kum 2005 pan 2010 ciang (1st phase)
VI. Project sepna ding mun (Project Area): Tedim, Tonzang , Cikkha Township.(1st phase) Chin State bup pi (2nd phase)
VII. Sumsii dingte (Funding Agency): A veei, a uuk, a deihsak Zomi mimal khat ciat leh NGO pawlkhat:
Tuipi galkai sumzong aom Zomi mimal khatciat-in ih tha lawhzah tungpan, 1 % ciat beek, (or) ihlawh sumlepaaite itsitlo a ihphal zahzah, khasim maw? (or) kha 3 sim maw? alem bangbang pia ding/khia ding. Ih omna gam ciatah NGO kipawlna khat pepeuh zong zawn/hunna ngen ding.
Ih omna gam ciat leh khua ciat (Yangon, Manday, Kalay Myo, etc…) sum ngen kawikawi ding. A kisap leh fund raising committee zong phuan ding.
Zomi mimak khat ciat-in hanciam-in sum khia ding.
VIII. Avaan dingte (Executing Committee): A kiseh/kitel committee-te leh akisai Kumpi Dept lamte. “Hih Executing Committee pen a kisap kei leh phiat thei hi.”
(i). Committee pi (Main Committee)
- (a) Pawl lutang
- (b) Thuvaan pi
- (c) Township Committee pan ex officio member khat ta
- (d) Tuipi galkai Zomi kipawlna tuamtuam tepan palai te.
- (e) Khua tuamtuam aom Zomi kipawlna tepan palai khatta.
(ii). Township level Committee.
- (a). Pawl lutang (Township forest officer)
- (b).Sangpi pan a kitel sia (Teacher) te
- (c) Khua Hausa pa
- (d). Biakna pawlpi tuamtuam pan siate
(iii). Village Tracks/Village level committee.
- (a) Khua Hausa pa
- (b) Khua sang siapi pa/ sang sia khat pepeuh.
- (c) Biakna pawlpi tuamtuam pan taangmi khat ta.
IX. Asem dingte (Implementing Agency): Zomi mimal khat ciat. Social mobilization. Veina, uukna leh deisakna tawh, athagui athatang, asum apaai leh ahun apiakhia ngam Zomi mimal khat ciat in volunteer in semding hi. A kisam bangbangin taangtha kuanin kuan a, semding hi.
X. Nasep danding (Procedure of implementation):
A masa pen-in, kum masa nasepna ding mun, sehkholhna leh kiginkholhna (Project preparation and mobilization) nei masak ding kisam hi. Nasepna khempeuh lai tawh, man (Photograph) tawh, video tawh record neih dending kisam hi. Project kipanma leh kipat khit a kilamdanna’, nasep zawhzah zaksak na (Progress report) cihte, mipi tungah pulak dending. Sum ngahna zatna peuh mah mipi-in a et theihding/dottheih dingin selsim omlo in pulak den ding.
Kum kipan sial-in, project phual a omte in, kum khat sung sepding gelkholhna (eg. Plan of action for 2006) bawl ding a, a hun lap-in mipi tungah hong zasak ding hi.
(i). Zomi mimal khat ciat-in, Singkung athupi nazia leh nasep danding a telsiam thei nadingin, college sangnaupangte, vakkawn thuhilh siate, committee-te, hausa upate, etc… te’n hilhcianna (Awareness camp) bawl ding hi.
(ii). Khua hun (Climate), asan’na(Altitude), zun-in a kisuan ding singkungte ciin’na (Nursery) Khaikam/Tulsuk, Taingen, Valung (Bamboo camp), Thuklai, Taakkhawl, Tedim, Vialcian, Tonzang, Cikha, khuate-ah bawl masa ding.
(iii). A namhoih pen singkungte ciing ding. {Gtn; Taak sing bang a namhoih ahi, Singgial taang lam ate a tang (Seed) pawi ding.}
(iv). Khua hun (Climate) leh asan’na (Altitude) zui-in, apo theiding, paaknei singkung nam (Gtn: Ngeisok, Phuitong, Vau, Suangkua, Phihtu, Seinpanni & pya, etc…) leh a gah kinethei singkung nam (Hai, Thei, Tuankum, Bil, Singpi/manawi (Jack fruit), Thawhbat (Avocado), Meitei tuamtuam, etc…) lamsak lamkhang pi 100 ciangah suan’ ding.
(v). Ansing ding a kizangthei a khangbaih singkungte leh Inn lam nading a kizangthei singkung namte, nambat (iv) na ihsuante zompan-in gamsung hihzawh zahzah ciangdong suan ding. Kham leh zaang ci’in leh Meitei gunpaang tengah a manpha singkungte (Dol, Cilan, Inn, Ngaingaw etc…) suan ding.
(vi). Khamtung gam-ah khuadam ahih manin kha 6 sung bang mei awi kul hi. A dang kha 6 sung mei awi kullo hi. Tua ahih ciangin mei awi kullo kha 6 sung, an huan na’ng sing tam kisamlo tap, (Fuel safe smokeless stove) te zatding, mipi hanthawn ding.
(vii). Inn ganhing khawi khua neu te-ah, gan’ ek (Bawng, vok) pan’ gas thohna dan (Mini Bio gas plant) bawlsak, bawldan hilh ding.
(viii). Gamsa, vasa, baak, khuai, kau, etc… te kua ma’n a thah mawkmawk lo nading khaam ding. Bang hang hiam? cih leh singkung pawl khat a po kik nading leh agah nadingin hih ganhingte, a kisam om hi.
(ix). Singkung lopa te ki susia lo aa, lo vat kullo aa, aki sua’nthei, sumsuak lokhawhna dan, {Kaphi, niangteh, aigiacil etc… (Cash crop: Coffee, tea, Cardamom etc…)}mipi tungah hilh ding.
(x). Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) lokhoh dan, mipi tungah hilh-in, zangh sak ding.
(xi). Sing ta’ng a kizangthei ding (Fire wood substitute) electric, gas, solar energy, wind energy etc… hanciam in zang ding.
(xii). Nang omna gam/state/khua aom a gah ki nethei singkung namte atang (seed), pak khaici (Flowers’ seed) te ih Zogamah khak ding.
XI. Khaam Ding. (Prohibited)
(1). Luineu te akipan Meitei gun-ah kua mahin ngasa gu (Fish Poisoning) buak thei loding.
(2). Luineu te akipan Meitei gun-ah kua mahin, a puakkham thei bomb a hizongin, Riffle tawh ahizongin, ngasa kap theilo ding.
(3). Luineu te akipan Meitei gun-ah kua mahin, Bicycle dynamo a hizongin, generator khat pepeuh tawh a hizongin, zangin, electric shock natawh ngasa man thei loding.
(4). Luineu te a kipan, Meitei gun-ah kua mahin, ngawi dawh thei loding.
(5). Leitung a vak gamlak ganhing te khempeuh, kua mahin beng/kap/that thei loding.
(6). Leitung a, a awmtal gamlak ganhing te khempeuh, kua mahin beng/kap/that thei loding.
(7). Van a leeng vasa te kua mahin beng/kap/that thei loding.
(8). A gah kinei thei gamlak singkungte, kua mahin phuk thei loding.
(9). A paak nei gamlak singkungte, kua mahin phuk thei loding, a hiang (Branch) golpi tawh sat-in la thei loding.
(10). Gamlak palpi (Orchid) te, ai tuam phattuam nang’ zuaksum dingin, kua mahin la thei loding.
(11). Gam hal thei loding.
XII. Phal Thei Ding. (Licensed)
(a). Nga beng/man nuamte-in, kipawlna tungah permit ngen-in, a kisehzah sumtawh lei dinga, pupa ngeina, ngen (net), sikkawi (Fishing hook, spoon) bek zang’-in, a kiphal hun (Fishing season) sungbek-in, beng/man theibek dinghi. Permit leina sumpen project fund –in kinei dinghi.
(b). Gamsa beng/vai nuamte-in, kipawlna tungah permit ngen-in, a sa nam tawh kizui a. kisehzah sum tawh lei dinga, a kiphal hun sung bek-in beng/vai thei ding hi. Permit leina sumpen project fund-in kinei dinghi.
Khup Khan Thang
- 5104 Ladbrook Street
- Norman, OK 73072
- U.S.A.
- Mobile ph: (405) 409 0536
- Res. Ph: (405) 321 6204
- October 14, 2004.
- Revised. October 30, 2005.
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