Kum zalom 21 Panglong Khawmpi ah koicih masuan ding? ~ Pau Sian Lian

Kum zalom 21 Panglong Khawmpi ah koicih masuan ding? ~ Pau Sian Lian

Zomi Congress for Democracy (nidang a Zomi National Congress) party in 2011 kumin hong phawngkhiat uh a hi Second Panglong Conference pen a sawtlo-in kinei taktak ta dinghi. Tua vaitawh kisai leitung bup phial-in lunglut mahmah uh-a, mikang, Kawl, Zomite sung-ah muhna tuamtuam, patauhna le lawpnate kigelh phangphang hi. Thu tampi kitheihbeh tuam-a, tuazah khat mahin information kician meello-a upmawh genzong tampi mah hong om toto hi. Hih thului-ah a kitheihkhial le a kipatau thu pawlkhat kong kuppih ding-a, Zomi te kigin huai keima mimal muhna tawh kong khup dinghi.

Conference mintawh kisai
State Councilor ahi Daw Aung San Suu Kyi in Second Panglong Conference cih sangin 21 Century Conference ci zawni, banghang hiam cihleh “Second(Nihna)” ci lehang, “Third, Fourth (thumna, lina)” cih ki nungthuah toto kha thei dinghi, cihi. Ama gendan a bat leh kum zalom a huam hong hikik bilbel hi. Politic sem tampi-in bel “second” a cihnop loh limlim zong Panglong Conference masa a thukim sate nungzuih kik nuamlo-in amah le galkap makaite deih dandan phuangnuam hikha dinghi, cih a muangmawh omhi. A diakin Panglong Conferece masa-ah ki thukim sa Secession Right (Myanmar gampan paikhiat nopleh paikhiat theihna) thu a kisung kikkhak ding patau in a um omhi.

Mualmite-in Kawlte tawh gamkhat-in dinkhop ngamna hangpi khat lak-ah hih thu zong thupi mahmah khat ahihi. Tua bang khat mahin Myanmar gam-ah galkap ki-ukna kum tampi I tuahkhakna hangpi zong galkap te-in hih gamtuam dintheihna paulap in hong uk uh ahihi. Tun hun petpet teh galkap lamte in federal cihpen tuankhiatna/gam, kitapzanna hi pahsam kei cita uha, minam makaite-in federal ka deihna uhin tuan khiat nop man hilo-in, ki lemtakin gam ukkhop theih nading ahihi, ci khin uhhi. Tua ahih man-in hih tuamdin theihna thu a hihleh Conference kipat ma pekin a minsa thu hi bilbel hi. Conference sung a kikup ding thu-in tuam dinkhiat noploh theihtheih nading thu hizaw hi.

Gamtuam din theihna (secession right) tawh kizom in a lunglut huai mahmah muhkhiatna hon khat kongkum nuamhi. Federal lam mipil ahi McGarry muhna-ah leitung bupah gam kitap zanna, gamtuam dinna a pianna gamte enle hang federal ki-ukna gamte hi masa zawlo-in, mi tawmkhat thuneihna tawh ki-uk gamte (centralised, unitary) ah tamzaw hi, na cihi. Federal ki-uk na taktak ah Soviet Union le Yugoslavia te in gam kitap na tuakkha uh a, hih gamte’ consitutionte uh enle hang gamtuam din theihna thu a om zenzen hang, a federal vai hiaulo thukhun dang tampi om-a tuahang hizaw khathei dinghi, na cihi. Alfred Stepan gelhna leukeu-ah tangthu ah federal constitution tungtawn-a gamtuam dinna a piakhia gampen Soviet Union le Yugoslavia gamte bek hi-in tuate geel zong kitam khin hi. Panglong Conference lai-in hih gamtuam din theihna pen Communist ngaihsutzia a vom makai pawlkhat-in Soviet Model pan idea a ngah hi kha dinghi, na cihi.

Political Framework Bawlna
21st Century Panglong Conference thu hong nawh ginteh pawlkhate-in a political framework zong bawlzo naikei, a ci omhi. Political framework vai ahih leh minam tuamtuam thautawi kipawlna (8)te le kumpite kikal kikapna khawlbawl nading thukimna (National Ceasefire Agreement) neihni October 15, 2015 ni-in thukimna hon khat na nei uhhi. Tuate lakah Union Peace Dialogue Joint Committee (UPDJC) phuanin December 15, 2015 ni lapin UPDJC in political framework bawlin Peace Union Conference ni January 15, 2016 ni zat dingin zo hamtang ding cih, thukim khin uhhi. Tua tungtawn in December 14-15, 2015 ni-in Nay Pyi Taw ah political framework khat bawlzo uhhi. Tua framework ading kumpi lamte le thautawi minam kipawlnate vai pawlkhat ah ki thutuak zolo uh hitase leh NLD party makai U Nyan Win leptuah natawh matun zo ahih lamuh media te-ah kisim theihi. U Thein Sein kumpi sepsung, January kha 2016 in Union Peace Conference na pan khin-a, a ki bawlsa political framework na zangkhin uhhi.

Aung San Suu Kyi le NLD kumpi thak hong kahkhit teh gam kilemna tawh kisai sepna honkhat hong khelhi. Union Peace Conference zomto-in a min laih-a 21st Century Panglong Conference cih minthak hong suakhi. Kilemna tawh kisai sepna te-ah tanu semdiak Myanmar Peace Centre (MPC) min hong laihin National Reconciliation and Peace Centre (NRPC) cihtawh hong laihhi. Khawmpi a makaih ding le political framework bawlna makaih ahi UPDJC zong a mite kilaih kik phahi.

UPDJC ah U Thein Sein hunlai in member (48) phahi. Kumpi lam (galkap, innpi(hlutdaw) le executive) te’ palai (16), minam thautawite’ palai (16), political party te’ palai (16) cih bangin panmun hawm uhhi. NLD kumpi thak hong kahteh tukum May kha bei kuan-in UPDJC ah Aung San Suu Kyi in chairperson semin member tampi kilaih kikhi. Political framework puahphat dingzong sawm uh a, tua vai U Hla Maung Shwe (NRPC makai) in, tukum kipat Union Peace Conference masa mankhit phet pekin conference kihel kha khempeuh in framework enpha (review) huai hi cih ki thukim khintek hi, na cihi. A lemleh hih UPDJC thak le ceasefire agreement lai thukimna letmat thu lo thautawi kipawlnate tawh political framework puahkhawm-in July, 2016 kha lai pawlteh puahphatna manding cih sawm, cih ciang hiphot hi. Zong khin toto kha maithei uhhi.

Minam tuamtuamte Kihelna Vai
Aung San Suu Kyi genna-ah hong tungding Conference ah 2015 kiteelna pan a gualzo, innpi ah MP tutna a tawmpen panmun khat peuhmah a ngahte bek kihel kha ding, cih hong pulak khiahi. 2015 election ah mun 80% val bangpen NLD party ngahsa ahih man-in, hih conference ah MP panmun ngah zolo political party tampi kihel kha nawnlo dinghi. Political party limlim pen 90 val om euau lakpan party 70 val bangbel conference ah kihel kha nawnlo ding suakhi.

UPDJC luite bawl political framework ah bel conference kahkha ding mi 700 kim, thu vaihawm kumpi (executive) lampan mi 75, innpi(hlutdaw) pan mi 75, galkap lampan 75, minam thautawi kipawlna lampan 150, political parties te lampan 150, minam tuamtuam makai lampan 50 le mi thupi tuamtuam 50 sam kihel sak dingin, numei limlim 30% kihel na conference hi ding, cih a thukim sa uh a hihi. Ahi zongin tukum January kha sung a kipat uh Union Peace Conference ah mi tam neinai na pi bangmah pi thusuah zolo dan suakhi. Tun bel UPDJ thakte-in political framework thak hong bawl le-uh tampi hong kikhel ding-a, political party lampan zong mimal hong tam euau nawnlo dinghi. Hihvai tawh kisai mualmi tampi lungnop lohna omin tuatawh kisaingaihsut huai pawlkhat hong omhi.

Politic muhna lampan en lehang a thupi mahmah khat-in legitimacy (Kawllai-in taya ywen muh) cih a hihi. Legitimacy cihpen midangte thukimpihna, theihpihna zong kici thei-a gam vai-ah tua omlo-in thu taktak ki sem theilo hi. Gentehna, 1990 kiteelna-ah mipite teel gualzawhna angah NLD le party dangte galkapte-in makaih na thu ap lo-in thuneihna sut uhhi. Tua ahih manin vai tampi-ah leitung gambup kipawlna tuamtuamte-in galkap kumpite simlo, theihpih kei ung, kumpi-in ciamteh keiung ci uh a, tua hangin galkap kumpi-in kum tampi sung legitimacy ngah zolo-in buai mahmah uhhi. Democracy system peuhmah ah election lutlo/gualzo lo party tepen mipite teelloh party hipah ahih man-in gam makaihna ah thu hong neih luat uhleh legitimate lo hong hi-a amau dinmun tawh kisai dotna hong tamkha thei dinghi.

Tua ahih manin Aung San Suu Kyi in hih conference pen mipi teel taktak tengtawh gilsak/cipsak nuam hang a cihpen zong khiallua tuan samlo hi. Party khat mintawh register bawl pongpong kihelsak leng thu kikupnate pawngsuah mahmah lel theihi. Thu dangkhat leuleu ah mi huam kimna (inclusive) lampan en lehang lah hehhuai mahmah sim veve hi. UPDJC in political framework thak hong koicih bawl ding cih-in thu tampi khensat dinghi, etcik huaihi.

21st Century Panglong Conference Tumdanna
Hih Conference pen Myanmar gam tangthu-ah tumdang mahmah sehi. Banghang hiam cihleh democracy lam a mapang NLD le galkapte ki thutuak tak-in a bawl khop uh omngei ngiatlo hi. 1990 kiteelna pan mun hongngah NLD party in khat peuhpeuh geel/kihel leh(gtn, CRPP…) galkapte-in suksiat sak den-a, galkapte makaihna tawh kibawl sepna (gtn, Constitution Bawlna, referendum, 2010 election) peuhpeuh ah NLD party in langpan denhi. Tua ahih man-in NLD in thu khat vaihawm leh gamsung ah taksuak theilo-a galkapte-in vai khat peuh semleh gam pualam ah taksuak theilo, legitimacy ngah thei mahmah lohi.

Tun ahihleh hih kipawlnate geel kinak thutuah mahmah uh-a, lawp mahmah uhhi. Tua bek thamloh minam tuamtuam thautawi kipawlna (UNFC) in zong thukim pihin mapang khawm ding, cipah hi. Thautawi kipawl na lakpan AA, MNDA le TNLA te bel galkapte-in kikoi cih helsak ding cih buaihuai simtham-a, thau tawi kipawl na-ah hatpen ahi UWSA le KIA te tawh lem dingin lamen uhhi. Tom gen mahmah lehang, gamsung daihna taktak pianna ding ahih leh minam dang thautawite tawh ki thukim zawh ding thupi-a, khawmpi bawl ciangbel galkap te le NLD tein ki thutuak takin thusuah zo mahmah ding uhhi.

Hih khawmpi gam ading a thupit mahmah na khat-ah, galkap makai Senior General Ming Aung Hlaing-in gamsung daihna (peace) thupi masa pen-in, gamsung daihna ngah khitteh bek politic pan ko galkapte kihem khia nung, cise hi. Innpi ah speaker a sem U Win Myint inzong gamsung daihna le gammite in thukhun limtak zuihkhitteh bek constitution puahding hong cise lai hi. Tua ahih man-in hong tungding conference pen gambup mailam kalsuan-ah thupi mahmah diak-a, a kihel kha peuhmah in ki nungsik loh nadingin lungkim huaitak-in thukum-in ki limgin huai mahmah hi.

Bangthu Sungding?
Aung San Suu Kyi genna-ah hih conference ah thu tampi helzau nianua lo-in politic le security thu tegeel bek limgen ding, cihi. Political framework lui-ah kikup ding thulu (6) bang om-a sumbawl(economy) vai, tangpi (social) vaite kihel-in tun ahih leh tua thute mipi kipawlnate thu kikupna (CSO Forum) khat bawl-in kikum sak ding, cih genkhiahi. Conference ah kihel khalo political party te-in tua CSO forum ah kihel khawm thei, cih gen hi.

Mipite in innpi MP ding ih teel palaite pen Conference ah kumpi te lampan thusung dingin mun hong la thei ding uh-a, innpi ah panmun ngah party te lampan zong mun hong ngah leuleu in panmun nam nih pan hong kihel theiding uhhi. Framework thak tungtawn in mi muanhuai, mipil honkhat zong hih kikupna-ah hong kihel khading uhhi. A thupi mahmah-ah tu hun pek-in hih a tung-a kigelh thute koi cih kikup ding?, bangthuteng sungding?, cih kigin masak limlim kulhi.

Conference ah ut bang kigen ding hilo hi. Panglong Conference masa thute mah genkikding cihzong hi masa lo-in, framework tungtawn a kikhung politic le security thulu kikum phadiak ding uhhi. Tua te geel thulu nuai-ah bang thuteng kikum ding? Tuatawh kisai-in political framework lui-ah kihel te mikang lai mah-in a nuai-ah kong suaksak kikhi. UPDJ in hong puahkik uhteh bangteng kilaih ding cih in thu hong khensat ding-a, a nuai a thute tawh tam kilam dang vangvang nawnin ka um keihi.

(A) Politics
(1) Constitutional matters based on democracy and federalism
(2) Collective rights that should be enjoyed by each ethnic group
(3) Separation of powers and checks and balances as far as possible among the three branches of sovereignty such as legislative power, executive power and judicial power and matters relating to reforms
(4) Matters relating to reformation of the general administration of the union
(5) Matters relating to the right to stand for election
(6) Matters relating to the rule of law

(B)Security
(1) Matters relating to national defence
(2) Security and integration matters

Constitution pen federal le democracy vai theithei ahih nading bangteng puahding cih a thu masa pen limlim zong vaisah mahmah khinhi. Ei Zomite (a diak-in ZCD party) tua vai bangteng thu sunsawm cih hong thupi mahmah ta dinghi. Minam dang party tuamtuam te tampi in conference ah hong kihel theilo ding uh ahih man-in a kihel kha ZCD in party khat huam ciangbek hinawn lo-in Chin state bup le minam neu tampite huamin kihel a thusung khading suakhi. Tua ahih manin minam vai-ah khauhtak in ih phut kulhi. Vai gik diak kha dinghi.

Hih conference ah NLD le galkap lampan hita leh kipawl na tuamtuam ahi UNFC, UNA cih lamte-in thusun ding tampi kiging khin ding uhhi. A tung-a kikup ding thulute encian taktak lehang ZCD in NLD/UNA/UNFC lam makaite cih bangbang mang ding I hih kei nakleh hih conference pen gambup mailam ading thupi mahmah ahih manin Zomi sungpan mimuan huai tampi mah tawh kigin khophuai kasa hi. Kei mimal ngaihsut, kigin huai kasak thu pawlkhat a nuai-ah kong sung dinghi.

– A omsa state 7 le region 7 mah kipsak suak ding maw? Ahih keh, state thakkhat phuat theihna ding bangteng kisam sak ding? (Bang criteria tawh tehding?)
– Constitutioin sung ah State le region te thu neihna kikim sak dingmaw?
– Myanmar gamlim etphat huaihi. State le region te gam huang kikhenna gamgi koicih etphat kikding?
– Minam khat (ethnicity) khatin ciapteh theih nading bang criteria kisam? 2014 census result tawh koihcih vaihawm suak thei ding?
– Gam buaina hangin mundang gam tuamtuam ah atung mipihte gammi suahkik theihna/gammi mun nihah suahtheihna (dual citizenship) pia thei dinghiam?
– Switzerland ah state (amau canton cih min zang) omin half-canton cih zong om theihi. Myanmar gamah minam, ngeina le pau kibat lohna hangin state tuamdinna-ah, half-state ciang om thei dinghiam?
– Minam innpi (Amyotha Hlutdaw) ah state 7 pan palai te le region 7 pan Kawl te palai kihel khazah kikim pen koicih khiap ding? (Khiam keile hang thu khensatna-ah Kawlte in hong thuzawh den suak dinghi. Kei muhna-ah Region pan a MP te state te MP phazah lang ciangbang a tawmpen khiaphuai kasa hi.)
– Galkapte-in gamkimakaihna politic pan cikhunteh pusuak ding? (Timeline khat bawlhuai)
– Galkapte ukna a pia thei ziauziau National Defence and Security Council kisam mahmaw?
– State kumpite thu neihna nuai-ah amau lai, biakna le ngeina kepna vaite a om theih nading koicih ding?
– Federal army om thei dinghiam? Koicih leng hoih pen ding?
– State kumpi thuneihna nuai-ah palikte koihthei dinghiam?
– Federalism limlim ah kiteelna pen PR (proportional representative) hoihzaw tham cih mipilte-in na kigelh mawkhi. Galkapte in Hlutdaw ah 25% hong lak nawnloh uhteh PR zia tawh kiteelna bawl lehang federal democracy gam lam nading a hoihzaw diam?
– Pilna, sum-lepai lamah a zawngdiak Zogam ading bang hong geelsak ding?
– State kumpi te-in amau state tawh kisai thuneih theihna koitan ciang ngahbeh huai? (Constitution laimai 181 le 188 kikal thuneihna hawmnate sitphat huai)
– Gambup budget pan kisap na tungtawn-in state kumpi ah bangzah hawmding?
– Mipi nasem (public office) ah minam khempeuh liangko kikim tak-in panmun ngah theihnading koihcih ding?
– Tu laitak-a om ministry tuatuamte bangteng galkap thuneihna nuai-ah om-in bangteng mipi teel kumpi nuai-ah koihding? (Ministry of Home Affairs peuhmah president direct thuneihna nuai-ah koihhuai).
– Biakna le minam vai buaina piang theizeel ahih manin, koicih ukding?
– Minam tuamtuamte-in amau zatzat sa ngeina thukhun (gtn, Kam Hau law) te koici bangin nungta saksuak theiding?

A tunga te pen ngaihsut theihpak teng hi-in, adang thupi ngaihsut huai thulu tampi hong om lai dinghi. 1947 lai-in kibawl Panglong Khawmpi pen mualmite in a thuneihna khempeuh uh General Aung San le Kawlte tung ap khakna khawmpi suak a, Kum zalom 21 Panglong Khawmpi ahih leh Aung San tanu makaih na-ah Kawl galkapte hongsut ih thu neihnate mualmite-in laktheih zah lakkik na hong suak dinghi. Ih supzah ngahkik ding hamsa dinghi. Phutsiam, lakkik siam kulhi.

Myanmar gam ki makaih zia pen pen federal democracy semsem leh state kumpi thu neihna hong khauhpai semsem ding ahih lam phawk huaihi. U Thein Sein hun lai amau union kumpi-in state kumpi te a hopsawn uh budget pen 3.6% bek hi-a, tua nangawn nuamtuam a sa zo omhi. Tun state kumpi te-in budget 3.6% ciang thingthiang hong ngahnawn lo-in a tamzaw tham hong ngawh zaw toto dinghi. Ei lamte e? state thak khat sawm zo ding dingmaw?, Half-state cih phuang dingmaw? District ciang maw? Self-administered zone dinmun ciangmaw?, cih te le state sungah tu-a dinmun ciangmah lungkim maw? cihte ngaihsut huai mahmah ta dinghi. State thuneihna bel hong khang semsem hamtang dinghi.

Pau Sian Lian