Hunthak numei le khantohna ~ Pau Sian Lian

Hunthak numei le khantohna (Modern Women and Development) ~ Pau Sian Lian

2010 kum ma lai-in Bill Gate in Saudi Arabia gam ah World Economic Forum ah thugenna khat nei hi. Thugenna inn sungah numei le pasal a tutna uh a lang tuakin kikhen dimdiam a, amau ngeina ahi numeite’n a maibup phial uh dial tawh tuam uh hi. Tua laitak mikhat dingto-in “Siapa aw, ka gam uh 2010 teh leitung bup sum le pai bawlna-ah a madawk lam penpawl-in ka kihel zo uh tam?” ci-in a dot leh Bill Gate in “Na gammi bup-uh lak pan a langte’ siamna, kivakna (talent) te zong a vekin na zatsiam zawh mateng un na madawk zo tuan kei ding uh hi, “ ci-in mai kituam numei a langte’ dinmun thupitna na genkhia hi

Leitung bup ah Numeite’dinmun

Leitung bupah mi billion 7 a omna lakah 1.3 billion pen zawn le ngauna sungah om lai uh hi. Tua 1.3 billion sungah numei te 70% hi mawk uh hi. Hih numeite’ adingin zawnna pen sum le pai neih lohna ciangbek hilo-in, mite’nawlkhinna, thu neihtheih lohnate thuak uh a, duh leh deih zong genkhiat khuan ngahlohna hi.

• Leitung bup nasep a kici khempeuh a nai-in kituat hileh numei ten sehthum suah sehnih (2/3) sem uh hi.
• Ahi zongin leitung bup sumlut a ngahte a ki-et teh numeite’n za-ah-sawm (10%) bek ngah kha uh hi.
• Leitung bupah van leh na neihna (world’s property) lakah numeite’n a min uh tawh aneih khak uh van le na pen 1% bek hi.
• Leitung bupah khangham lai simtheilo, laigelh theilo mi million 876 ki-om in, tua lakah numeite pen 2/3 hi uh hi.
• Leitung bupah tan lang pan tan li (primary school) a kah khalo naupang million 77 omin, tua lak ah numeite pen 60% hi-uh hi.

Hih dinmun tuamtaumte hangin leitung bup gam tuamtuamte’ kipawlna (United Nations) te’n 2015 teh zawhloh phamawh a tupna pi ahi leitung bupah zawnna a lang khiam ding cihna uh ah, numeite thapiakna leh pasal numei liangko kikimna zong a seppi ding uh thu (8) lak pan a thumna-ah na hel pah uh hi. Hih pen kumtullom khantohna geelna pite (millennium development goals) kici hi.

UN ah Secretary a sem ngei Kofi Annan mahmah in zong, “ 2015 ma-in kumtullom khantohna geelna pite (millennium development goals) i mahial zawh nadingin hun awng cih peuhmah om nawnlo hi. Tua ahih manin numeite phungvuhna (invest) bek in eite’ mahial zawh nadingin hong lamen sak zo bek ding hi” ci ngiau hi.

​Numeite pen huankho lokho, singpua, anhuan, naucing, teekte khoi-in kem, innhah, kuangsawp puansawp, cih bang nasep liante sem ngekngek na pi-uh, kuamah in nasep kician, nasep gina-in kisim sak lo hi. Khasum cih peuhmah a kilamen sak vetlo hi. A pualam na sem sunsun le-uh a tam zaw pen khasum tawm nasep le nasep niam, zaneu dinmunte bek kipia hi. Tua kawmkal-ah ki-ukna thukhun tampi leh ngeina tuamtuam ah numeite’n amau min tawh lo le gam, mun le mual, van le na nei thei lo uh hi. Mun tampi ah sum nangawn leitawi theilo uh hi. Gou le gamh na ngawn luah theilo ngiau uh hi.

​Hih kiciangtannate’n numeite’ sumlutna khaktan, heusak bek tham lo-in, a tate-uh nangawn un thuaklawh uh hi. Bang hang hiam cihleh numeite a tam zaw-in a neih uh sum le paite pen vai dang sangin a tate’ cidam nading, pil nading kin pih zaw uh hi.

Mihing khantohna (human development) tehna-ah sang pilna pen a kilim hel mahmah thu khat ahi hi. Sang pilna a nei numite’n sang a kah kha ngeilo numeite sangin nau neih dan zong siamzaw-in, nau neihzah ding zong ciangtan siam zaw uh hi. Nausiat tawm zaw-in, a tate uh damsuah zaw uh hi. A tate mahmah uh zong sang kahsak hamtang zaw tham uh hi.

​Leitung bup nasemte’ thatang zatna (global labor force) a ki-et teh numeite’ tha 40% kihel hi. Lokhawh nasepna-ah numeite’n 43% panmun la uh a, leitung bup university sangte ah a lang pen numeite hita hi. Tua ahih manin numeite sang pilna limtak sinsak lo, nasepna-ah panmun a ngah ding kilawm zah kingah sak lo a, khasum piak zah dingin kipia kha keileh numeite’ tha, numeite’ nasep theihnate zatsiam lohna, zatkhialhna hong hi-in tua meizom in nasepna-ah meet zah taktak ding zahin kimeet lo, sum le pai bawina mit tawh en le hang in a kisum mahmah suak hi.

Nitumna gam lam-ah Numeite’ dinmun

Nitumna gamlam, mikang numeite’ dinmun a tom-in en pak ni. US gam le Europe lam a om gamte ah numei college kah phazah pen pasalte tawh kikim hi. Amau sin thute zong tangtawng pekin numeite’ sin huai-in a kiciapteh sak pong ahi laihilhna (teaching) pilna, nurse pilna cih ciang bek hilo-in thukhenna pilna (law) le cidam kikepna (medical) pilna lam a sin numei pen tam mahmah in khang hanhan lai hi. 2000 kum-in US ah law a sin numei khempeuh pen law a sin bup lak pan 47% hi-uh in, 2002 kum-in UK ah cidamna pilna a sin pen cidamna pilna a sin bup lak pan 60% phata uh hi.

​America saklam a om khuate le Europe leitang nitumna lam a om gamte-in kivakpih theih pilna (professional degree- law, medical, business) degree a piak uh 2/3 pen numeite hita uh hi. Tua ahih man in kumpi zumte-ah numeite’ panmun ngahna pen khang semsem hi. 2006 kum ciangciang in US ah kumpi nasem zumte’ sazian kepna-ah manager le thu vaihawmna dinmun ah numeite’n 38% panmun neita uh a, thukhensatna-ah a lianpen zum nasem lian (chief executive officers) a sem numeite pen 28% pha ta uh hi.

2000 kum lai pek in US innkuan lai (Census) ah a ki-et teh nupa thum sung pan khat in a zi’ khasum tawh a pasal le inn kuanpih vak hi. Papi ¼ in innah a tate kem uh a,​​ a zite uh zumkah zaw hi. 1924 kum in US nupi 87% in innah a tawmpen nai (4) hun la-in inn na sem uh hi. 1977 kumin 43% kiamsuk han in, 1999 kum teh 14% hisuk lai hi. Pilna siamna khanna le sum le pai zatna hamsat semsem man hangin innkuan le tate vak nadingin numeite’n a pualam nasepkhiatna a neih uh kilim nial ngam nawnlo hi. Gammite ngiat in zong nupi sa a pualam nasep neihna a khan hanhanna pen siatmuh nawnlo-in, phal mahmah ta-uh hi.

1995 laipek in Virginia Slims poll ah a ki-et teh numei guk pan khat, pasal nga pan khat in numeite’n a tate kepkawm-in a pualam ah na a sep uh phallo uh hi. Thum pan khat in phal mahmah uh a, a dangte’n bel numeite thuthu hiziau cilel uh hi. 1997 kum teh nasep nei ta neisa nupa sawm pan kua in ka lung uh kim mahmah lel cita uh hi. Nupi khat-in “ko buaipih pen numeite’n a pualam na sem ding maw, semlo ding cih hi tadih peuhmah kei-in, a pualam nasep kawmmah in tate koi cih leng hoih takin kikhansuah thei ding hiam?, cih hizaw” na ci hi.

Nisuahna Asia gam lam ah Numeite’ Dinmun

Leitung bup numei pasal liangko kimna-ah a khauhpai pen gam sawm sung ah Philippines gam na kihel zo hi. Ahi zongin a dang gamte ahih leh numeite’ dinmun suk mahmah lai hi. Sen gam phadiak pen ta khat neihtheihna policy (one child policy) hangin ta numei deih masa khollo-uh a, a nu’ gil sung pekin nauno pen numei ahih leh kisusia pah ngekngek hi. Tua ahih manin pasal numei phazah kikimna ah uang takin kikhai a, tua a nu’ gil sungah suksiat thuak numei te pen, “a kimansuah numeite” (missing women) ci-in min kivawh hi.

​Tua hang mahin mipite’ nuntakna zong a hoihlo lamin susia veve hi. Ta pasal khat bek nei uh ahih man in, a ta khatbek neih sutte uh it-in thupit bawllua-uh ahi manin, a ta pasal uh pen lungtang khauh, kiphasak-in, “kumpi neu” (little emperor) ci-in kisam phialmawk hi. A mo ding uh zong omlo ahih manin gam veng Kawlgam a kipan gam tuamtuam ah a honhon-in zi zong, mo zongin buai mahmah in, buaina tam piangsak mahmah hi.

​Asia gam lamte pha diakah numeite’ gou, lo le gam luahtheihna pen a omlo hi phialmawk hi. Mote bangpen ta pasal a neih keileh a kinolh kik tangial hi. Asia gamte lak pan zong Islam gamte uang phadiak hi. Hih gamte-ah numeite pasalte’n a buan uh leh, buan thuak numeite pen kithat zaw mawk hi. Jordan, Lebanon gam bangah buanthuak numeite a that sung pan 70-75% pen a numeite’suahpih sanggam pasalte hi zaw lai hi. 2002 kum in a kibawl thukanna-ah Alexdria le Egypt gamah numei buanthuak a that lak pan 43% pen tua nu’ tanau teng mah ahih lam mu kha uh a, amau pen tua bang thahna pen “phathuai mithahna” (honor killing) ci dep uh hi. Pasal khat-in “Ka sanggam nu ka that pen kisik keng. A that lo hileng zong ka tanaute’n that lel inteh,” ci ngam hi.

​India leuleu ah mo kipina a om teh a numei lamte’n movan apiak uh kul hi. Movan lian pipi piakhia-uh a, pia kei le uh pen a tanu uh kuama’n deihsak lo tawh kibang ahih manin nu le pate a na lau sim gige uh hihtuak hi. Tua kawmkal-ah mo man pen a numei​​ lamte’ ut bangbang, kizawh zahzah piak theih hilo-in, pasal lamte’ nget zahzah hanciam takin piak dingdan hi lai hi.

​Asia lam gam tampi-ah numeite pen pasal te’ utut-in a ukna nuai-ah mang tinten kul hi cih kumpite’ thukhun le biakna hilhna zungthuk takin om hi. Tua ahih manin a pasal-in ama’ tungah thuman lo takin vua, sat, ngongtatin a zawhthawh dikdek zongin numeite’n kumpi zum ah puak theilo hi. Thukhun in pasalte’ lam pang limlim ahih manin numeite’n thukhen zum a pai ma-un a lel khinsa ahi hi.

2001 kumin UN lam Naupangte’ kepna kipawlnate’ muhkhiatna-ah Nepal gam bang numei 7% in kum 10 a phakma-un mo kikhak–in, 40% pen kum 15 a phak ma-un pasal a kinei sak hih tuak hi. Kum tawm lai-in pasal neihna-in nau paaina-ah tampi nawngkai sakin naupangte’ cidamna zong nakpi takin susia hi.

Zogam a Numeite’ Dinmun Tehkakna

Ni tumna gamlam a numeite’ dinmun le nisuah na Asia gam lam a numeite’ dinmun kikhaihna pen uang mahmah ahih lam kimu khia hi. Kawlgam le Zogam a om numeite’ dinmun pen Asia gam pawlkhat te zahin a suksiat gawp sam loh hangin khangto tuan veva nai hiaulo ahih lam kimu thei hi. Numeite’ thugen kithusim lo-in, mothak a neite bang “Na mo-uh a kizen na?” cih dotna kinei masa pelmawh hi.

​Zomi sungah zong numeite a nengniam ngeina hoihlo honkhat kinei hi. Ngeina etcianna tampi lak pan paunak le lakamte’n zong i ngeina hong lakkhia mahmah hi. I paunak sungah “Numei khat le zabel khat; numei hangsan akpi kihta; numei sat ngeina zam tum ngeina; numei khua le sakhi khua; numei khem le vamin khem; numei thu le sialpiki-in kilam lo;” cihte om hi.

​Numeite gou le gamh kiluah sak lo hi. Numeite kima thei hi. A diakdiak-in tudong mah Zomi tampitakte-in “numei lellel” cih kammal tawh numeite’ tung lungsim ngongtatna (mental violence) kilimzat mahmah lai hi. Numeite’n bang sem nuam?, bang uk?, bang deih? Bang sin nuam? , cihte a kipan “kua ngai?”, “kua tawh kiteeng ding?” cihte ah nu le pa te’n a teelsakna uh khauh pai lai mahmah hi.

U sung nau sung ah zong sihna manna ahi zongin, lungdamna ahi zongin om leh kikhopna-ah innteek thupulak dingin pasalte mah kigen sak den hi. A innteekte’ sungthu a thei zaw pen in innteek nu ahi phial zongin amah kizangsak lo-in, khual gamla pan innteekte’ sung thu taktak zong a telpih meello beh sung pan u ham khat peuh kigen sak thei hi. Numei pasal cih hilo-in innteekte’ lungdamna taktak a genkhia thei ding mi teel ding hizaw hi.

Kipawlna tampi-ah khuanu khuapa (myo mi, myo pha) kici napi-in pasalte bek kihel den mai hi. Beh le phung tutkhopna khat peuhpeuh ah zong tokhom tengah kilawm taleh kilawm ta keileh pasal hi limlim pongte kitusak-in mun kipia masa hamtang hi.

​Kum 2000 khen khit pawllamteh Zomite’ sungah nuntakzia khuahun kiheina tampi hong omin gamdang ah kitung phangphang hi. Tua khitteh parcel cih kammal hong lang mahmah a, gamdang a tate’ ading zi kikhak zuahzuah hi. Hih pen hoih hi, hoih lo hi cih lamsang nialhtheih loh, khamtheih loh thu (reality situation) hong hita hi. Zomi le Zomi mah hong kideih uh lungdam ding cih himai hi.

​A ngaihsut huai, a patauh huai phialmawk thu khat-ah: gentehna-in pasal khat-in sum kisap mahmahna hang-in tuipi gal gam ah va tung hi. Sum a neih zawk deuh teh a zi ding khua pan hong samin, a numei zong sum le pai neih loh manin (kitheihpih sa, kingaihpih sa khat ahih keh muh ngeingiat loh) khat a pasal dingin va delh pah hi. A tupna gamah a tunteh sum le pai hong nei zaw deuh leh, a kisap, a deih, a lunggulh, a ngah hong suak hi. Tua laitak-in a pasal in a utut sawl-in zawhthawh kha zenzen leh a zi-in ka deih sum ngah ing ci-in, nial ngam, tawngkik ngam, nusia ngam khathei ding hi.

A diakdiak-in nitumna gam lamte bang mihing khat’ngahtheih thu (human rights), mihing vang neihna (human dignity) cihte a kipan suaktakna (freedom) cihte ultung sak phadiak uh ahih manin pasalte’n a zite utut-in kizothawh thei nawnlo hi.

​Tua kawmkal mahin mo le teek kizopna zong hong kilamdang ta ding hi. A teeknu-in a mothak lai-in amah a kibawldan-in a monu bawlkik theilo ding hi. A deihdeih in pantah, uk, kithuahpih thei lo-in, a mo’ thuneihna hong khauhpai zaw thei lai ding hi. Tua ahih manin hih mipi huam kikhelna (social change) pen mi khempeuh in pilvang takin gamtat siam kul hi. Nitumna lam gam a numeite’ dinmun le nisuahna lam numeite’ dinmun kikhaihna a tungah ciantak in ki-en thei khin hi. Kibang lo hi. Ki-el puakin, kilehbulh mahmah hi. Vai khat peuhpeuh ah Pasian mah cih tinten lohngal adang om lo hi.

Huhthak Numeite’ Khantoh nading

​I ngim le tup bulpi in numeite’khantoh nading, khantohna sungah hong kihel nading uh ahi hi. Ni suahna lam a om numeite’n khangto-in nitumna lam a om numeite mah bangin leitung’ kisap, mipite’ lunggulhnate huhin a vaak ding uh ahi hi. Hih bangin khantoh theih nadingin laigelh pa-in “Khantoh nadingin a Khangto lungsim” cih thului a gelhsa sung pan hunlui le hunthak ngaihsutna tehkakna graph hong zang kik ding hi.

Hunlui Mi (Traditional Man)

• Idea thak pongpong sang theilo
• Ngeina luite ultun sak
• Naihuaitengbek lunglut in buaipih
• Muhna kibanglote thalnial
• Information thakte kin meel lo
• A piangsa thute sutsut in nitum
• Tomkal vaibek thupi sa
• A innkuan pih lobuang kuamah muanglo
• Technology thak pongpong langpan
• Biakna lo buang thudang bangmah thusa lo
• To le sila kizopdan mah nuamsa
• Toi ngaihsut
• Dawi le kau cihte um den

Hunlap Mi (Modern Man)

• A thakthak theinuam, sinnuam, tuaknuam
• Kikhelna ultunsak
• Khuapua, gampua lam aate theinuam
• Muhna kibang lote thupi san
• Information thakte lawptakin ngai den
• Hun lapden, tu laitak thupiangte kinbawl
• Mailam a ding a mannei tampi geel den
• Midangte vaipuak zo ding-in umin muan bawl
• Technology thakte zatsiam nang hanciam
• Pilna sinna(education) le leitung nate’ thu(science)te thupi sak
• Midangte’ vang le manneihnate thupisak
• Zai ngaihsut
• Na khempeuh a hoih lamin muden

Numeite Thu neihsakna (Women Empowerment) i cih in

Women empowerment i cih-in, numeite pasalte’ liangko tungah tuto sak veuvau ding cih hisam lo-in, pasalte tawh liangko kikim sak ding hi zaw hi. Tua bek thamlo, numeite innngak sak hithiat a dop ding hi lo-in a pua lam-ah pilna sinsak, thu sinsak, sangkah sak, na sepsak ding kisam hi. A pualam pan thu theihna hong hau le-uh amau makaih a tate limtak hong pantah kik theih ding hi, cihlam hizaw hi. Numei thuneihsakna i cih ciangin Eve-in Adam kiang a kikham singgah a neksakna pen mawh lo hi cih bangin mawh pengsakna hilo zaw-in, tua bang a khialhpih kik loh na dingin pattah ding hi, cihlam hi zaw hi.

Numei le pasal kihel kipawlna, mipi omkhopna khat peuhpeuh ah a huamkim thei penin makaih theih nadingin numei le pasal mah in makai khawm leh picing semsem pen ding cih ahi hi. Banghang hiam cihleh numeite’ gilnat numeite bekmah in thei pen hi. Makai teelteh a pilna siamna le matutnate (achievement) et mah bangin ahihna (idenitity-beingness) zong et kul veve hi. Numeite zong numei ahihna hangun kihel kul a, numei sung pan a navak, thuthei zawdeuhte teelkhiat ding ahi hi. Numei limlim ahihna uh tawh bel amau ading mun a om hamtang kul hi.

A diakdiak-in kipawlna tuamtuam-ah hi theileh makaite’ sungah numeite 30% ciang peuhmah helhuai masa hi. Gentehna-in veeng maikai lakah 30% numei hih hamtang sakna zong hipah hi. Tua numeite mah in mipi sung a numei, naupangte’ haksatna a thei taktakte uh ahi hi. Numeite’ kisap taktak a pil mahmah pasal pa-in zong theisiang tuanlo hi.

​American ah senator ahi, John Mc Cain makaih International Republic Institute kipawlna bangin leitung mun tampi-ah gam cidam, ki-ukna hoih ahih nading huh kawikawi uh a, amau tupna khat-in leitung bup-ah Hlutdaw ah mipite’ aitang mapang ding mite (member of perliament) sungpan 50% pen numei ahih ding lim hanciam mahmah uh hi.

​Pawl khat leuleu-in numeite i makaih sak nop hang a pilna, a siamna, qualification cing naikei hong ci uh hi. Zomi sung-ah B.A, BSc, MA, MSc, MDiv, Dmin, Phd ngah numei om ta hi. Tuate pen Sunday school hilh ding bek-in tuatdet ding hilo hi. Tua bangmah-in numeite’ qualificatioin nei om naikei i cihcihna-in qualification neisak lo hi. Amaule amau kimuanna omsak lo hi.

Vaihawmna tawh kisai-in mipilte’ gentheih khat-in Titanic tembaw pen khutsiam mahmah, mipilte’ lam hi-in kibung hi. Noah tembaw pen mi mawkmawk pawlkhat lam hi-in leitung mite le ganhingte hon zo hi, a cih mah bangun, numeite zong Pasian tawh limtak hunla-in Pasian lamlahna tawh na ngah peuh le uh Pasian in gualzawh pih lel ding hi.

Numeite makaihna-ah hel limlim phot lehang, amau zong hong hanciam pah dingin, a siam pah vangvang kei zongun hong siam toto lel ding hi. Kuamah a siam sa-in suak omlo hi hang. Tua khit teh a makai lak-ah hong kihel le-uh naupang, khangthak numei note’n ei numeite zong makai kisuak thei mawk veh ee, hong ci ding uh, makai lungsim amau le amau hong kiguan ding uh a, hong hanciam to pah ding uh hi. A lungsim uh zong hong kiging zo ding uh hi. Pasal numei a kuakua Pasian lamlah na kisam uh hizaw hi.

Thukhat-ah women empowerment cih ciangin, mipi lak-ah thuthei lopi kamtam sak suasua ding cih hisam lo hi. Mipi lak-ah picing tak-in hong makaih theih nadingun pantah ding cihna zong ahi hi. Innsung ah zong nute’n nibup puansawp-in a gim a tawl uh tangin puansawp na (washing machine) leisakna, gam lakah sing zong, inn ah pua kaikai-in, tuate tawh zingsang bup an a huanin hun a beisak tangun, meitawh an huanna (rice cooker) leisakna cihte in zong numeite’ tha le ngal, hun tampi dawn uh a, inn le lo vai, pilna siamna a zon nadingun hun tampi neih beh sakzaw ahih manin hahbawl huai hi.

Patauh huaithu

Zomite’n numeite tawh kisai-in hih gou le gamh luahna, khang kisimna cihte i buai pihpih laitak, amau tawh khang kisim kei, numei sum mu theite kiphasak lua i cihcih laitak-in minam dang gamdang numeite’n Hlutdaw sung khawngah na kihel ziahziah ta, vuanzi khawng na sem, kumpite ngaihsutpia khawngin na kihel ziahziah ta uh hi. Mikang, mivom sungah Kawlpau, Mikangpau-in thu gen-in, na kipei ziahziah ta uh hi. Kawllak, mikang lakah zong sum bawl-in na leng ziahziah ta uh hi. Tua laitak ei Zomi numeite pen inn sungah anhuan, innphiat ciangbek in i koih khak ding ka patau simsim hi.

​Ngeina cih pen tangthu sung, khang laibu sung, ngeina la sungbek-ah om hilo-in, nisim i ngaihsutna pen ngeina hong suak lel hi. I ngaihsut dan, zia ahi ngeina sungah mihing a khangto saklo, a khaktan, a nengniam, a hen, ngaihsutna limlim laih kul hi. Mihing mah ahi numeite’ mailam khantoh nading a khaktan ngaihsutna, ngeina te zong phiathuai hi.

Zomi numeite pen sum le pai zonna-ah kizen mahmah uh hi. A diakdiak in Tedim gam bang ci le hang lam dungteng ah numeite’ makaih sumbuk zuakna vive hi. Tua numeite thapiak kul hi. Panpih kul hi. Gamvai (politics) lam ah zong numeite’ theihna niam​​ mahmah hi. Kiteelna (election) a omteh a kihel zo ngam dingin panpih ni. A diakdiak in Zomi numeite in ngeina pawite ah kihel nuam sa mahmah uh hi. Biakpiakna, nopna dahna le khuado pawi, lungdam bawlte ah kizen mahmah uh a, amau lo-in a pianglo hiphial mawk hi. Tua munte ah vai khat peuhpeuh khensat ding a kisapteh numeite tawh kikup hamtang huai hi. Amau khensatte zong thalnial huai pah lo hi.

Numei tawh kisai Upkhialhnate

Numei le Biakna makaihna:

Numeite pen makaih siamlo-in, muanhuai lo hi. Biakpiakna-ah zong makaih sak huailo hi cihthu kigen den hi. Leitung bupah pawlpi mi tampen a nei Dr Yonggi Cho-in ka pawlpi hizah ta-in a khantohna-in ka nupite’n veeng kikhopna ah citak tak in a kihelna hang uh hi, cih thu geen bel-in nei hi. A pawlpi-ah numei upa tampi om hi.

Numei le sumlepaai:

Numei pen sum le pai vai-ah a muang zo ngiat lo mi honkhat om hi. Leitung bupah sumbul pia-in summeet bawlna a siam, Nobel prize bang angah Muhamad Yunus in numeite bek sum leitawi ngam ing, amau a sumte uh mawkzat ngamlo-in zathuaina munte bekah zang hi, na ci hi. Sum leitawi a piak awn tampi omin tua lak pan 90% pen numeite bek ahi hi.

Numei le Nainganzi:

Leitung gam tampi-ah numei president sem, prime minister sem tam mahmah ta hi. India gam kumpi zumte ah numeite’ makaih khuate-in tangpi tangta kisap sem zo zaw cih mu-uh hi. (Gtn, tui siangtho vai hawmsak). Numei khua makaite’n pasalte sang golhguk (bribery) nelo zaw uh ci hi.

Gamvai, biakna vai a kipan thukhensatna bawlna, thukhun suaihnate-ah numei le pasalte’n kikim takin kihelna kupkhopna nei thei kei le uh, kensatna khat peupeuh ah a thuzawhte’ gen bang peuhpeuh kimang kha ziauziau mawk hi.

Thukhupna

Zogam pen Kawlgam ah a zawngpen gam hi-in, mipi bup pan 73.3% pen zawnna piciang nuai-ah kiom lai hi. Khasim i ngah zah sum khempeuh lak pan 75% pen an le meh lian-in a kizang hi-in, a diakdiakin buh leina-in kizang hi. Tua nangawn zong a lim a al, cidam nading hi peuhmah lo-in, sihkham na ciangbek ahi hi. Tua ahih manin Zomi, Zosuan tate’n a bucing khantohna taktak i ngah nadingin numeite kihelna lo tawh kitangtung theilo ding hi. Kinusia theilo hi. Zomi numeite zong hih gam ki-ukna hunthak ah meidawi, lungneu den keei nawnlo-in, Pasian ading, gam le minam nopsak theih nadingin hangsan tak-in paungam, phungam, sepngam kul hi. Pau Sian Lian

References:

• Drinkwater, M., (2005) We Are Also Human: Identify And Power In Gender Relations. Care.
• Lian, Pau Sian (March, 2013). Participation of Women in Community Development in Tedim Township, Chin State, Myanmar. Unpublished M.D.M Thesis, University of Cordilleras. Baguio, Philippines.
• Marilyn Gittell., Isola Ortega-Bustamante., Tracy Steffy. (July 1999) Creating Social Capital And Social Change, A Study Of Women-Led Community Development Organization. Mcauley Institute And Supported By Ford Foundation.
• Megan Thibos, Danielle Lavin Loucks, Marcus Martin. (May 2007). The Feminization Of Poverty. The J.MCDONALD WILLIAMS INSTITUTE
• The South Commission. (1990). The Challenge To The South: The Report Of South Commission. OXFORD
• United Nations Development Program. (2011). Integrated Household Conditions Survey In Myanmar (2009-2010).Poverty Profile. UNDP
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization. (2003). A Path Out Of Poverty: Developing Rural And Women Entrepreneurship. UNITED.