Bang teng taktak hiam Mualtung mite, Zomite supna ~ Khup Lian Thang

Bang teng taktak hiam Mualtung mite, Zomite supna ~ Khup Lian Thang

Zomite in Belpawl Gam in dinding a khensat zawh kum 71 bang cingta a, Belpawl Gam a dinzawh kum 70 bang cingta in, Zomi Nam Ni bang zong a 70th cinna bawl hun a tungta hi ziau hi. Kum 70 cih in tawm hetlo in, tua hun sungin gam zawng mahmah te zong gamhau pi suak uh a, tu laitak gamhau mahmah pawlkhat bang zong gamkhat in suak nailo zezen hi. Tua ahih manin tu laitak Zomite in bang dinmun tawh Belpawl Gam ah om uh a, bangteng ngah in bang teng sumh uh a, mailam ah bangci kalsuan sawm uh hiam cih pen lungngaih huai mahmah thukhat ahi hi.

Ni dang lai Zomite

Tangthu kansiam te’ genna ah Zomite pen AD1400 pawlin Kawlzang lampan Zogam zuanto uh a, Ciimnuai ah phual kisa uh hi. Tua pan in khua tuamtuam sat in Hausa, Upa leh Ukpi te makaihna tawh ki uk in amau leh amau a nungta minam te ahi hi. Mangkangte Zogam a lut masiah, mundang gamdang pan in kuama ukna nuai ah omlo uh a, UN aa General Secretay sem ngei ahi U Thant’ tupa, Dr. Thant Myint-U (Burma Historian) in a genna ah “Zogam leh Kachin gam pen cikmah hun in Kawlte ukna nuai ah om ngeilo” ci hi. Belpawl Gam sunga teng Zomite in hih thu pen a ciapteh huai mahmah leh a mangngilh huai hetloh thu ahi hi.

Belpawl Gam aa kihel te

AD 1824 pawl panin Mangkangte in Kawlgam lak kipan uh a, 1885kum teh Kawl kumpi Thibaw Min kiman in India gam ah thongkia sak uh hi. Tua hun aa kipan in Kawlgam pen mangkangte khut sungah tung hi. Mangkangte in Kawlte gam a lakkhit teh Shan gam, Kachin gam leh Zogam cih bangin damdam in nala toto uh hi. Mangkang te in gamte alak laitak in gamtuam aa om teng khempeuh ki ukna a tuam ciat tawh uk pah uh a, Zogam pen Chin Hill Regulation Act, Kachin te Kachin Hill Regulation Act, Shante The Federated Shan States Act leh Kawlte pen Burma Act tawh a tuakciat in uk uh hi. Galpi nihna ven khitteh Mangkangte in Mualtung gamteng The Frontier Areas Regulation Act tawh uk in, Kawlte bel Burma Act mah tawh uk hi.

Panlong Thukimna bawl

Galpi nihna a venteh Mangkang kumpi in a gam kekna gamte letzawhna ding tha nei nawn taktak lo ahih manin suahtakna piak dingin gel uh hi. Kawlmi te zong General Aung San makai in suahtakna lak sawm uh a, amau tawh suahtakna a lakhawm dingin mualmi teng zong na zawn hi. A masa lam in mualtung mi makaite in Mangkangte’ ukna nuaiah om ding lunggulh zaw uh himah taleh, General Aung San amuan na hangin Kawlte tawh ki pawl ding na khensat kik uh a, thukimna suaikai thei uh hi.

Hih thukimna sungah 1) Democracy paizia tawh Belpawl Gam sunga om minam khempeuh suakta takin nungta ding , 2) Belpawl Gam sunga om Minam leh Gamte khempeuh in amau mun ciat ah thuneihna amau mailam ding vaihawm theihna nei thei ding cih ahi hi. Tua teng bulphuh in Panlong Thukimna kibawl ahi hi. Bek thamlo in Mangkang te in Mualmite dinmun a kician zaw in a theihna dingin Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry-FACE (Maymyo Enquiry) cih phuan in Mualmite’ lunsim taktak na dong thei a, a tung a thu nih ban ah “Mualtung mite in a ut hunhun Belpawl Gam pan khawl thei paikhia ding” cih kibeh lap in, tua teng mah zong Kawlte makai General Aung San in thukim pih mahmah hi. Tua teng tawh 4th Jan, 1948kum in Belpawl Gam ong piang ahi hi.

Kawl Makai vaihawmte ciampelna

Hun masa (1948-1962)

Gambup thukhunpi (1947 Constituition) in Panlong thukimna pan nakpi takin apial khiatna thu Kawlgam gamvai mipilten ahuampi in nampi 3 in na khensuk uh hi.

(1) Mualmite, State te in amau gam leh amau mailam vai ah thuneihna neilo uh hi. Parliament a tuamin neilo uh aa, Gambup Parliament in gamvai thuteng vai hawm hi. Tanupi khat ( Minister ) khat bek nei in, amah pen State/Mualmi te a dingin alianpen ahih hangin amah pen Gambup Prime Minister pa in a deih bangin semsak khawlsak thei mawk hi. Ki ukna lam, vaihawmna lam ah thuneihna nei vetlo uh hi.

( 2)Minam innpi(Upper House) ah palai dingin Shan 25, Kachin 12, Zomi 8, Karen 24, Karenni 3 leh Kawlzang pan 53, akigawm tangmi 125 hi. Belpawl Gam ci napi in Minam tangmi ciangin a tawm a tam in khen hi. Bek thamlo in Panglong Thukimna bawlpawl te ahi Shan, Kachin leh Zomite kigawm sangin Kawlte in tangmi tam zaw nei uh hi. Mipi Innpi(Lower House) ah tangmi 250 om hi in, mimal phazah leh township zui in seh uh ahih manin mimal tam leh gam lianpen anei Kawlte in Mipi Innpi deep mang hi.

A thupi penpen ahi sum zekna tawh kisai khempeuh zong Mipi Innpi in vaihawm hi. Thukhun bawlna, a dangdang vaihawm nate ah Parliament dawlnih in thukim kul aa, a thukim zawhloh te uh, Gambup Innpi ( Minam leh Mipi Innpi kigawm ) in vote pia ding cih ahih manin a tawntungin Kawlte in a zo den dinga kibawl thukhun ahi hi. Kumpi leh Tanupi khempeuh tungah zong Mipi Innpi (lower house) bekin thunei thei ding hi cih hi sawnsawn lai hi.

(3) Belpawl Gam ahih mah bangin minam pi te in State khat ciat , State kumpi ciat tawh om ding, tua tungah minam kim kigawm in Gambup Kumpi om ding, cih dan ding hi napi in, Kawlzang in State khat in dinglo in Gambup Kumpi in Kawlzang tengzong len hi. Lam khatpan, Kawlte ukna gam ah Mualmite in State a tuamciat tawh teng uh hi cih dinmun a tun ahi hi. Hih in Belpawl Gam pan in Mualmite in Kawlte pang abel Gamke suakziau uh hi.

Hih 1947 thukhun pi pen thuneihna leh ki ukna lamah Belpawl Mualmi gamte in bangmah thuneihna a neihloh hangin Democracy tawh ki ukna lamah a kalsuan thukhun ahih manin Gammi khat hihna tawh suaktakna bel om mahmah hi. Belpawl Gam zong pen leitung hauhna lam ah khangto bilbel hi. Minam leh biakna ki deidan nate bel khauh lua nailo, omlua nailo ci in ki ciamteh hi.

Tua hun pan hunte ong pai toto in 1961kum teh Priminister U Nu’makaih Clean AFPFL Party in tutna angah khitteh Buddhist biakna pen Gambup biakna ahi dingin kisak uh ihih manin Mualmi te leh Kawlte ki telkhialhna ong suksia semsem hi.

Hun nihna (1962-1974)

Hin hung sungin General Ne Win in mipi thu neihna teng lakhia in, Galkap ki ukna tawh ki kalsuan ahih manin galkap te’ thu neih hun hi ta hi. Mualmi gamte’ thuneihna bel a om vetlo nawnlo hi ta hi. Hih hun sungin Mangkang hunlai pekpan galkap asem Zomi galkap mang pawlkhat in panmun hoih ngah veve uh aa amau teng mahin Zogam a uk dingin panmun kiseh hi. Mimal/Gam mi leh biakna tawh ki deidanna bel om lua nailo cih ding hi. Thu neihna bel galkap ki ukna ahih mah bangin Galkap mangpi pa mah in len hi. Mimal sumbawlna, Company nasep khempeuh phial Kumpi in laksak hi. Belpawl gam ii hauhna a nawh kiat mahmah hun ahi hi. Mualmi gamte supna zong ki leh etkik sak cih thadah in ki zom toto lai hi.

Hun thumna (1974 -1988)

Belpawl Gam in Thukhunpi (1974 Consituition) anihna bawl in Socialist ki ukna tawh ki uk hun ahi hi. Mualmi gamte in thu neihna bangmah nei tuanlo hi. Zomi galkap leh ulian te mah in Zogam uk hi. Party khatbek ukna neih hun ahih manin thuneihna pen Party bulpi makaite’ khut sungah mah ah om hi. Mimal/Gammi leh biakna deidanna om lua nailo khauhlua nailo in kigen hi. Hih hun bel ahun sia lawmlawm lualo hi zaw hi.Tua hun aa pilna neite, buaih ngahte, Collgege sang katte in pen lai thei leh siam takpi uh hi. Amau siamna tawh ki zui in Zomi sungah zong mun sangpi a tungzo om veve hi. Hih hunin pen Minam biakna deidanna a liat luat nailoh hangin Kawlte in a ukna sawt simta leh, sangaa sanglai te ah zong Kawlte thu kilim sin mahmah zaw, amau ki thupi bawlzaw ahih manin a Kawlmite in bel minam dangte pen amau gam bel danin ngaihsun in deidanna kipan pan mahmah ta ahi hi.

Hun lina (1988-2015)

1988kum a buai ciangin Galkap ki ukna ah tung kik hi. Hih hun sung pen Minam leh biakna pen kumpi in khen tiltel in a deidan mahmah hun ahi hi. Galkap sungah bang pen Major khit teh za khang nawn khollo uh hi. Ki ukna lamah hileh Director level a tung ding haksa mahmah ta hi. Pil mahmah, ciim mahmah in amah lo in apiang theilo ding munte bek ah ulian za lian ki ngah hi. State te ah a thunei penpen zong Kawlte or Kawlbiakna te hi zaw den hi.

Tua hun sungin a Kawl biakna uh zong nakpi takin Zogam lamah nasep khan in amau biakna Mission sem uh hi. Zogam mun hoih teng ah tattung phut uh a, khuasung mun hoih penpen na mun te ah a Kawl biakinnpi te lam uh hi. Tan 4 ciang dong bang a ki sinthei Zolai/tualsuak lai te nangawn damdam in kisin kha nawnlo hi. Hih hun sungin Belpawl Gam aa dingin thukhunpi themna (2008 Constituition) kibawl in, galkap thuneite’ deihna bangin a kibawl thukhunpi hi in Mualtung mite deih amau leh amau thuneih theihna ding thute kihel vetlo hi.

Hih hun li teng enkik leng, hun khatna pan a thumna dong pen mualtung mite in thuneihna a nei vetlo ahi hi. Amau mailam ding amau vaihawm theihna nei vetlo uh hi. Kawl makaite’ khut sungah na khempeuh om in amau gelgel na bang bek in Mualtung mite kalsuan thei hi. Ahih hangin in minam zui in leh biakna lam tawh ki deidanna khauh taktak lua nailo hi. Zomite’ angtang na ahi mi masa, makai ulian , galkap mang khemepeuh pen hih hunk hat pen a thumna sunga a semte ahi hi.

A hun lina tatak ciang bel thu neihna nei vetlo ban ah na khempeuh ah Mualtung mite leh biakna dangte aa ding mailam khempeuh kikhak cip hun cih ding ahi hi.

Hun ngana (2016 – present)

Mualtung mite lam-et pi ahi NLD kumpi in 2015kum kitel na ah gualzo pikpek hi. Zogam ah zong NLD mah in gualzo a, leilu lam ahi Tedim leh Tonzang ah ZCD in gualzo hi. Kumpi luite, galkap huzap te in guallel dipdep ta hi. Khantohna lamah hun dangdang( atunga hun li) te tawh tehna om vetlo hi. Belpawl budget zong tampi tak Mualmi gamte ah lut zaw tham aa, lampi-lei-sanginn- zato khantohna dingin aki sam bulpi teng ah ahi thei zah in na ong sem ziahziah ta hi.

Mipi te in zong kumpi vaihawmna pen amau tawh kisailo bang, a vaihawm kha ngei nawnlo ding phialin ki ngaihsun himah leh, kumpi thak hun pan kipan in amau mahmah in gam khantohna ding a vaihawm thei, thu neihna anei thei ahihna kitel toto in kumpi te tungpan tampi lamen ngamta uh hi. 1962kum khit zawh khantohna a gimna penpen hun hi mawk hi. Kum 60 khit zawh teh khatvei Democracy ki ukna a ngah kik dingin kipan panpan ta ahi hi.

Tuni dong Mualmite supna leh deihna

Mualmi gamte in thuneihna nei nailo lo ahih manin Zogam aa Chief Minister ding pen, President in a deihdeih pia thei hi lai din mun ahi. Khantohna ding Budget cih te zong, hun lui lai sangin tam ngahzaw cih bek hi in, aki lawmzah ki ngah nai hetlo kha ding hi.

1) Zogam tanu pi (Chief Minister) ding Zomite’ tel Tanupi ahih mateng Zomite in thu neihna a nei nailo ahi hi. Zomite in Zogam Innpi (Parliament) pan in Zogam’ mailam ding amau deihna bangin, amau ngeina, amau lai, amau khuahun tawh kituak in thukhun te deih bangbangin a bawl theih hun a tung masiah Zomite in Panlong lungtup a tung nailo ahi hi. Belpawl Parliament ah Belpawl Minam pi te khempeuh in tangmi phazah ding aki bangin a neihhun, Minam innpi leh mipi innpi in thuneihna a ki bangin nei in a ki lenkim ciat Parliament ahih masiah Panlong lungtup tangtung nailo ahi hi.

2) Sangte ah Zolai/tualsuak lai tawh lai kisin in, College pipi te ah Zolai/tualsuak lai akisin theih hun, Thesis aki bawl theih hun atun masiah Panlong lungtup tung nailo hi.

3) Zogam ah sang naupangte in theilo siamlo pipi in Kawllai bek tawh lai a sin nawnlo hun, siamlo pipi in Kawllai bek tawh tan 10 phi in, anuntakna mailam bup a kikhen sat loh hun a tung masiah Panlong lungtup a tung nailo ahi hi.

4) Zomite in Kawlte tangthu, Kawl kumpi te’ thu, Kawlte’ ngeina asin mah bangin, Kawlte in zong Zomite ngeina, Zomite tangthu, Hausa Ukpi Makaite’ thu a sin ziahziah masiah Panlong lungtup a tung nailo ahi hi. Kawlgam aa sangte aa kisin tangthu bute, sanglai sinna laibu te aki laih masiah Panlong lungtup tung theilo ding hi. Thibaw Min pen Zomite’ kumpi ahih lohlam Zomite in a theih masiah Panlong lungtup a tangtung nailo ahi hi.

5) Ngeina leh biakna ki deidan lo in, Zomi Nam Ni te, minam aa ding ni thupi nite ah zum ki khak in Zomite deih bangbangin pawi a bawl theih hun, Kawlte’ kum thak tuibuah pawli ah ni tampipi zum akikhak mah bangin Zomite’ kumkhen khuado pawite ah zum khak in pawi thupi te bawl ziahziah theih hun a tung masiah Panlong lungtup a tung nailo ahi hi. Kawl biakna ni thupi tuamtuam ah zum akikhak mah bangin Christian atam penna Zogam ah zong Good Friday te, Chrismas a ni lian bek hilo ni nih nihthum bang zum khak hun a tun masiah Panlong lungtup a tung nailo ahi hi.

6) Biakna, minam ki deina na om hetlo in galkap DSA na ut leh lu thei, ni dang hun lai pek pan galsiam galhang aa minthang Zomi/Karente/Kachinte or Mualmi te khat peuhpeuh in Belpawl gam ii galkap mangpi a ngah theih masiah, na pil na siam nakleh kumpi zalian milian ngah theihna aom masiah Panlong lungtup a tangtung nailo ahi hi.

Hih atunga teng ban ah tampi omlai dinga laisim mimal in na ngihsut beh dingin koih ni. A thupi pen ahi thu neihna leh Mualmi te in amau minam amau gam ii mailam ding amau vaihawm theihna a neih masiah, Belpawl gam aa teng Mualtung mi khempeuh a dingin Panlong lungtup a tangtung nailo ahi hi. Zomi Nam Ni bawl sim in Zomite in atungah thute lungngai kawm in mailam kalsuan zia dingte sutkhawm gelkhawm in, mi masa makai masate gelna te tangtung sak zawh na dingin vaihawm in kikum in sep hun mahmah hi. Lungdam, Khup Lian Thang