Zolai gelhzia alunglutte’ tung ngaihsut piakna

Zolai gelhzia alunglutte’ tung ngaihsut piakna

Zolai pen hongpian zawh sawtnai hetlo nungdeuh in kum 100 cinpawi kibawl pan hi. Ataktak in Zolai simbu ci-in sanginn ah Formal takin isin hun 1924 kumkhawng hipan ahih manin kum 100 cing nailo hi cileng khiallua loding hi. Tuamah bangin Linguistics pan enleng, Zolai tawh kisai – Philology, Syntactics, Discourse, Pragmatics, Semantics, Structuralism, Grammar, Phonetics, Phonology, etc. cih bangin sintheih ding, puahding maban tampi omlai hi. Tu tadih inbel Morphology, Lexicology, Morphophonemics ciang buaipih lunglung lai hihang. Taangpi taangta theih dingin tomkaih pakleng laimal gawmdan Spelling/Word Structure ciangah buai lingling hihang. Tua kawmkal ah awsuah/awkaih (Accent) kibanglo ihih manin lai igelh ciangin akihual kiim theiding hamsa sim hi. Gentehna in; gam/ngam, gin/ngin, gawm/ngawm cihbang dan tepawl.

Pasian hehpihna tawh Zomite Laisiangtho sinna lamah mazangin Ph.D. tampi i om ta hi. Ahih hangin Secular lamah kitawm lai mahmah cihding hi. Tua kawmkal ah Lai lamah cileng Linguistics, Literature Majors te tawh Doctor/D. Lit. ngah kikhaat mahmah a, M.A. ciangzong kitawm mahmah hi. Katheih khialh keileh D.Lit. ngahbang ki omzo nailo hi. Tua banah hong nusiakhin pawlkhat om in, anungta lai kitawm hi. Mailam ah khangthak sungah Zolai zuunding pilna sangnei tampi hong piankhiat dingzong lamen hang.

Tuabang teng kawmkal ah nuntak khuasak haksatna hangin lai-uk, laideih, laisiamnuam, laitheinuam veuveu themcik khat lobuang atamzaw in sumngah nading, hauhpak nading, meetpak nading leh zalian pipi, makai pipi suahtheih nading bek buaipih in laigelhdan peuhmah awlmawh in neilo uh hi. Tua bektham lo-in tulai khangno tampite in Zolai zong ginatak in gelhthei nawnlo uh hi. Zolai siamlo in English zong siam tuanlo zelmah hi.

Tua kacih ciangin pawlkhat bangin zahdah khamai dinguh a, ahi zongin tuciangciang online ah English tawh lai kigelh te ka-et ciangin hoihtak/maantak a gelhthei mi 10 zong a-om teiitam kaci hi. English abul abal a thei, endik (edit) semthei dingciang mi 3/4 bang ih omzo teii tam ci-ing. Cianlian keng (Not quite sure). Lamkhat pan tuazong ahiding mah hi. Mikangte mahmah zong amau lai English maantak/hoihtak gelh theilo tampi omlel uh hi. Mangpau leuleu bel maanse takei leh dangnal zalzal, eusuk euto a pauthei tawh, uun-ham duadua a pauthei tawh ki-om nianua hi.

Hibang teng kawmkal ah Zolai avei zawdeuh te in amau kivakna Specialization ahih zenzen loh hangin hong zuunsak toto in Tan 4 (Standard Four) ciang kisinthei a, laigelh thei liamliam dinmun tungta ihih manin amau tungah ilungdamna lian mahmah hi. Hih atung a igen bialbual teng kikumni cileng hongsau luading ahih manin tulaitak Zolai gelhzia hong lungmangsak dekdek awsau, awtom, aw-eu tawh kisai them eusuk ni.

Amasa in Cope topa’n hong bawlsak Zolai pen Languages tampi te mah bangin awsuah zui-in laimal gawm hihang. Tuatawh kizui-in laimal ‘cin’ bangpen Mikang awkaih in ‘sin’ himawk ahih manin telkhialh loh nadingin ‘chin’ tawh na malgawm sak hi. Tua huhau-in Zomi upa ‘Cin’ minnei pawlkhat ‘Chin’ in na malgawm uh a, pawlkhat bang lungmanlawh dektak uh hi. Tua banah nidang Zo laibute enleng zong awkhat malkhat Monotonic Syllables zui-in kigelh tamzaw hi. Gentehna in:

“Pau Hau in thau a nei hi.”
“Ni a sa hi. Mi li a si hi.”
“Sih ah sa a pang hi.”

Tuhun leuleu ciangin aw 4/5 bang malkhat asuah sukziau zong ki-om ta hi. Gentehna in; ‘pheituamsungteenthak’ cihbang dan. Atung a igensa mah bangin awsuah zui-a malgawm pen kitamzat pen hi. Ahih hangin Zolai pen Manglai danin Phonetic Alphabets atuam in neilo ihih manin kammal pawlkhat awsuah banglian aleikiat zui-in malgawm haksa hi. Gentehna in:

Hai
1) “Kanau in huan ah hai gah alo hi.”

2) “Mihai tawh kikhawl kei in.”

3) “Hai ciakciak kei in.”

4) “Tutung mopawi ah tanute leh haitawite buaideuh uh hi.”

5) “Mi suangtum tawh kideng ziahziah namuh ciangin en heihai kei in.”

Atung a gentehna teng lakah 1 leh 5 na ah laimalgawm ‘hai’ sangin ‘haai’ zangleng awsuah tawh kinaizaw hi. Ahih hang laigual 1 na ah ‘hai’ bangzong izatzatsa leh ikingeina sehnasa hi-in alaimal imuhphet in imitkha ah ‘hai’ lim hongsuak pah hi. Laigual 5 na-a ‘hai’ sang ‘haai’ cileng zong khialh omlo, cikei lengzong telkhialh nading liang omsam lo hi. Tua hi-in laigual 1 leh 5 na ah ‘hai/haai’ laimalte pen awsuah kibang hinapi akhiatna atuamtuak hise hi. Mikang te’n tuate pen Homophones naci uh hi. Tua banah 2 leh 3 na ah ‘hai’ pen akhiatna akibat hang awsuah kibang lotuak hi.

Laigual 2 na ah ‘hai’ pen aw-eu leh awtom kigawm hi-in, 3 na-a ‘hai’ leuleu pen aw-uun/niam leh awtom hi citciat se hi. Tuamah bangin 3 leh 4 pen awsuah kinai huaipian napi akhiatna tuamtuak hivet sehi. Hih atung a ‘hai’ teng bangzong Mikangpau in Homonyms cileng huamkiim hi. Tua ahih manin hibangdan kammalte igelh ciangin Kawllai danin awsuah khenkhiatna/kilamdan sakna tuamtuam neilo, Manglai danin lah Phonetic Transcription tuam neihlo ihih manin asimte in laigual/laipai (Context) en a bangci awsuah ding cih ngahsut siamkul hi. Nidang ciang Phonetics atuam a ineih zawhleh thukhat ci ni. Anuai ah khat ensuk lai ni:

Pai
“Sumkuang lampai ahat kei hi.”
“Ninbung sung bekah ninpai in.”
“Note pai kawikawi unla lungdamna thu vataang ko un.”

Hih atung a ‘pai’ teng bang isim ciangin awsuah kibang lo hi. Double Vowels zattheih nading zong om tuanlo hi. Double Vowels zattheihna pen anuai a bang munte bek hi:

“Khat lah kateem, khat lah kapaai himawk in kagup zawkding thei keng.”
“Naupaiite gilo thei hi.”

Zolai ah hibangdan awsuah banglian a ki-at theilo, akhiatna lah kitel veve laimalte deihtak kancian laileng tampitak omlai ding hi. Maban sah mahmah omlai cihna hi. Hun ingahciang zom toto ni. Tu tadih inbel ‘awsau’ zatdan them telkheh nuam hang. Awsau pen Zolai in ih at ciangin atamzaw in Double Vowel zang hihang. Gentehna in; Ciim,Meii, Thaam (gulpi), Taanghaam, Taangmi, etc.

Double Vowels zathuai laimal gawmdan pawlkhat

Ciim, Ciin, Daan, Kiim, Leeng, Leii, Maang, Meii, Taang, Teel, Tuu, Zaan, Zuu, etc.

Ciim/Cim
“Sawm Piang pen sang akah ngeiloh hangin ciim (cim hilo) vilvel se hi.”
“Langno lo huung pen cimlua (ciimluahilo) in ihmu cipkha hi.”

Ciin/Cin, Meii/Mei
“Tuni thapai meii (mei hilo) kaii in guah a ciin (cin hilo) hi.”
(meii = awlai leh awsau kigawm; ciin = awsang/eu pian leh awsau kigawm)

Daan/Dan
“Migam milei ah nuntak dan isiam keileh daan kituak thei hi.”
(Daantuak/daanpia cihbang munte lobuangah ‘dan’ kizang lel hi.)

Kiim/Kim
“Mikiim (kim hilo) in haksatna kinei ciat hi.”
“Simbeng zong kim (kiim hilo) ciitciat tangzangh kiguan.”

Leeng/Leng
“Vanleeng tual ah sakolleng tailo hi.”
Lehbulh khaleng akhiatna tuampi suak hiau hi:
“Vanleng tual ah sakolleeng tailo hi.”

Leii/Lei
“Sai mai-ah vanlei nuam mi hongpai ciang naleii naphen khakei in.”

Maang/Mang
Mingelh ciangin atamzaw in ‘Mang’ limzat zaw uh a, awsuah bangin gelhleng ‘Maang’ ding hizaw hi. Laigelh ciangin akitel khialthei munte ah zatsiam kul hi:
“Galkap Maangpa (Commander) in anautaangte thu apia hi.”
“Galkap mangpa (lost soldier) kimukik ta hi.”
(Hidan munte lobuangah ‘maang’ leh ‘mang’ kizang taang kawikawi a, laisim te in zong kitelsiam lel hi.)

Taang/Tang
“Thang Ho leh Lian Do inzong taangtang phelhawm kici hi.”
“Kawlgam innpi ah Taangmi pawlkhat ihmut suakin lusu ngeingai uh hi.”
“Ngalkhaat tetangtat (taangtat hilo) uh hi.”
(Taang pen mun tampi ah kizang thei a, tang tawh khenkhiat siam kul hi.)

Teel/tel
“Mipil kiteelna ah thutel meello mihai lomtangg vakihel hi.”
Laigual sungah ‘teel’ leh ‘tel’ lehbulh khaleng akhiatna tuampi suak hi:
“Mipil kitelna ah thuteel meello mihai lomtangg vakihel hi.”

Tuu/Tu
“Hiah tu inla pau kei in.”
“Jesuh in Tuucing (tucinghilo) hoih ahi hi.”
“Kei nong it leh katuute (tutehilo) nakem in.”

(Laigual masapen bangah ‘tu’ sangin ‘tuu’ in malgawm leng awsuah tawh kinai zaw hi. Laigual nihna ah ‘Tuu’ bangpen awtom hi-a, ‘Tucinghoih’ cileng awsuah tawh kinaizaw hi. Theihding ah ‘tuu, tuuno, tuupeek’ cihte pen Cope topa’n hong bawlsak laimalgawm lakah tudong zatngeina Convention zahphial a ineih laimal hoih hi-a, awtom, awsau koimun koimun ah Double Vowels tawh gelh hamtang kul hi. Tu-le-ta te (Posterity/Descendants) munah tuu-le-ta te (Sheep and Children) ci-a gelhkhak lohding zong thupi zel hi.)

Zaan/Zan
“Zaan ni zankim pawlin hong kimeng hi.”
“Zaanzan in hong kimeng hi.”
(Mundang tampi ah ‘zan’ tawh kicing lel hi.)
“Mangpu ihmut suaklua kizan deedaa hi.”

Zuu/Zu
“Zuudawnte in zuumi (zuu tawh mehkhoppih) dingin zusa (zuusa hilo) emkeu uh hi.”

Hih atung a teng lakah Ciin leh Tuu lobuang atamzaw awniam, awlai leh awsau munte ah ‘double vowel’ kizang phadiak hi. Ciin pen aw-eu pian leh awsau kigawm hi. Aw-eu mun khempeuh ah ‘double vowels’ zat pahpah lohding hoihzaw hi. Izatkhak leh ilaigelh ziate hong kitukalh mangding hi.

Atung a teng banah honkhat omlai hi. Tua banah Double Vowels zang taleng, zang takeileng akitel laimal pawlkhat om leuleu hi. Gentehna in:

Khaang/Khang
“Khangnote/Khaangnote in minam nasep kinbawl uh hi.”
“Zomi te in khang/khaang tangthu thupiseh uh hi.”
(Khang zatna atamzaw pen awlai leh awsau kigawm ahih manin Double Vowel tawh malgawm leng khiallo napi, Single Vowel tawhzong kitelcian mahmah hi. Atamzaw in Single Vowel tawh malgawm uh hi.)
Ahih hang khang leh khaang akizat khawm theihlohna om ciitciat hi:
“Ihmu in Topa’n hongkem ahih manin ka khanglo (khaanglo hilo) hi.”
“Guah tamlua-in leitang akhaang (khang hilo) hi.”
(Risen hilo Cracked cihnopna ah)

Iin/In
Zopau/lai ah‘in’ kici ‘affix’ pen kitamzat mahmah a, atamzaw ‘suffix’ in kizang hi. Awlai leh awsau kigawm ahih manin awsuah lianin gelhleng ‘iin’ ding hi. Ahi zongin laimal dangtawh telkhialh nading om peuhmah lo ahih manin atamzaw in Single Vowels mahtawh kizang suak a, Norm khat bangin kingahsunta hi:
“Tuakhit ciangin/ciangiin uiphuk mangpa tuisungah alutsuk hi.”

Zou/Zoo/Zo
Ataktak in tulai Zo, Zomi, Zolai, Zopau cihte ah Zo pen awlai leh awsau kigawm ahih manin Double Vowels tawh Zou/Zoo cih bangin gelhleng awsuah tawh kinaipen hi:
“Zo(awsuah = Zoo) lakah sa ataa hi.”
“Zomite gualneek zo kasakei hi.”
“Zomi ka hi hi.”

Laigual 2 nasungah ‘Zo’ laimal munnih ah om napi, amasa pen ‘Zoo’ ci-in awsau tawh isim a, anunung pen zo, gualzo, galzo, cihdan awtom tawh isim se hi. Hipen Kawlte’n igelh ciang amaan, isimciang a-aw (ေရးေတာ့ အမွန္ ဖတ္ေတာ့ အသံ) aneih mah bangun Zolai ah zong anei hihang. Double Vowels limzat mahmah honkhat bangin himun ah hongzang samlo uh ahih manun lungdam huai hi.

Kaawlgaam/Kawlgam
Awsuah liantawh gelhding hileng awsau leh awlai tuak ahih manin ‘Kaawlgaam’ cihding hi. Awsuah liantawh gelhsang ‘Kawlgam’ cileng laimal ciiksuah zaw hi. Double Vowels pupite inzong ‘Kawlgam’ mah hongzat pihlai uh hi.

Laai/Lai
Muntampi ah kizang khel kawikawi hi. Ahi zongin khuamin ‘Laaitui’ bangzong amau zatdan zatpih ding thuman ahi hi. Lai (Writing) leuleu pen awlai leh awsau kigawm hilo, aw-eu leh awsau kigawm zong hilo ahih manin lai, laimal, laigual, cihding hilel a, Double Vowels behlap kul peuhmah lo hi. Khatvei leh ‘laimal’ khatvei leuleu leh ‘laaimal’ cih thimthum kullo hi:

“Laaitui khua-ah laimal (laaimalhilo) gawmzia kisin hi.”
“Tulai/tulaai tak lai kagelh hi.”

Luungsiim/Lungsim
Awsuah lian hileh ‘Luungsiim’ ding hi-a, laigelh ciang ‘Lungsim’ mah kizang kiim hi. ‘Luungsiim’ ci-a malgawm kikhaat mahmah ding hi.

Seem/Sem
“Thadah te’n nasem (seem hilo) nuamlo hi.”
Zolai ah ‘seem’ kizatna tawm mahmah ding hi.

Peen/Pen
Awsuah in ‘peen’ ahih zenzen hang laigelh ciang ‘pen’ kitam zatzaw hi. Bangmah dangtawh telkhialh nading omlo ahih ciang ‘pen’ mah zangsuak leng hoihzaw hi.
“Tuanu pen mi gensiat hatlua kici ve aw.”
Double Vowel zatnop leh anuai a bang laigual te ah zathuai hi:
“Gol peenpeen mehneu tawi, neu peenpeen mehgol tawi.”

Gaalgiing/Galging
Anih tuak in awlai leh awsau ahih manin awsuah lianin gelhleng ‘gaalgiing’ ding hi. Zat ngeina ah ‘galging, galkap, galhang,’ cih bangin Single Vowels kizang zaw hi.

Ahih hang theihhuai thukhat ah, Zopau ah awsau pen tam simsim ahih manin laigelh ciang awsau omna khempeuh ah Double Vowel zangleng laisim dan alemloh naciang om banah, Conventional Writing tawh hong ki keelki thei hi. Mi pawlkhat te bangin lai malgawm ciangin Double Vowel tamzat lua-uh ahih manun amkham gawp in khat veivei awtom Single Vowel zangleng kitel siuseu zaw, maltu zawding hiphial taleh awsau Double Vowel zangkha vaivai zong om khelkhel hi. Awsuah lian zui-a laigelh sin dihni:

“Luun Maang peen Kaawlpi ah Zoo ngeina lam laam dingiin nuungkaal pek aa paaisuk hi aa phone lah hongseet lo diil deel mawk aa zaan haal ziing saang iin a paaipih te uun innlam hopih katheih ciang iin, keizong kadot leh, theikei uung hong cii luungkham lua iing. Koilaai koiteeng ah omcih hongkaan pih uun, hehpihna tawh. Luungdaam.”

Atung a laigualte enleng, awsuah liantawh ki-at hi-a, khialhna a-omloh hangin simhak simsim leh dausuah simsim hi. Tua manin S. T. Hau Go in Zolai pen awsuah lianlian in gelhleng lemtaang khinlo nacingei hi. Adiak in, awsau, aw-eu khempeuh Double Vowels bektawh zepthuah, behlap pahpah pen Zolai dausuahsak, peengsuahsak zawsop hi. Ahoih theipen a puahding, zuunding mawhpuak neiciat ihih mah bangin Double Vowels bektawh hilo-in akilawm zaw Phonetics tuamneih zo-in, laimalte ahih leh aciilgil theithei, aciik theithei in malgawm kisinleng ahoihzaw tam ci-ing. Zomi linguists te’ maban tampi omlai cihna hi. Mailam ah kikum toto ni. Zam Sian Sum